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Human Rights In Global Health Governance, Lawrence O. Gostin, Benjamin Mason Meier, Hanna Huffstetler

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

Human rights frame global health governance. In codifying a normative foundation for global governance in the aftermath of World War II, states came together under the auspices of an emergent United Nations (UN) to develop human rights under international law. Human rights law, establishing international norms to advance global justice, has thereby become a universally accepted framework for global health, and the past seventy years have witnessed an evolution of international human rights law to define the highest attainable standard of health. Conceptualizing health disparities as rights violations, these health-related human rights offer universal standards to frame government responsibilities for …

Pediatric Brucellosis: An Update Review For The New Millennium, Elham E. Bukhari

Saudi Medical Journal

Brucellosis remains the most common bacterial zoonotic infection in many countries worldwide. Despite being long recognized and controllable, the disease still causes substantial morbidity, affecting especially the young population. The aim of this review is to provide insight to the epidemiology, etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of childhood brucellosis.

How Often Do Children Receive Their Vaccinations Late, And Why?, Maysaa A. Banjari, Ahmed A. Alamri, Ahmad Y. Algarni, Meral H. Abualjadayel, Yahya S. Alshardi, Turki S. Alahmadi

Saudi Medical Journal

Objectives: To assess vaccination timeliness, risk factors associated with delays and the reasons for delayed vaccinations among children below the age of 3 years in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia during the period of May 2016 to August 2017. Data were obtained from parents of children under the age of 3 years using a structured questionnaire comprised of questions about sociodemographics, physical well-being of the child and the reasons that are used to justify delayed vaccinations. Vaccinations were considered delayed if they occurred more than 30 days after the …

Nudge-Proof: Distributive Justice And The Ethics Of Nudging, Jessica L. Roberts

Michigan Law Review

A review of Cass R. Sunstein, The Ethics of Influence: Government in the Age of Behavioral Science.

A Comparison Study Of Disease Spreading Models, Douglas Nogueira Oliveira

Theses and Dissertations

Epidemic diseases have become one of the major sources of concern in modern society. Diseases such as HIV and H1N1 have infected millions of people around the world. Many studies have attempted to describe the dynamics of disease spreading. Despite the numerous models, most only analyze one aspect of a given model, such as the impact of the topology of a contagious network, or, the spreading rate of disease. Although useful, these types of analyses do not provide insights into how different models could be combined to better understand the phenomenon, or how the modeling decisions affect the dynamics of …

Opioid-Related Critical Care Resource Use In Us Children's Hospitals., Jason M. Kane, Jeffrey D. Colvin, Allison H. Bartlett, Matt Hall

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There has been a rapid increase in the rate of pediatric opioid-related hospitalizations. It is unknown how this increase has impacted the use of pediatric critical care. Our objective in this study was to assess the trends in pediatric hospitalization for opioid ingestions in a cohort of US children's hospitals and, specifically, to evaluate the impact on pediatric critical care resource use.

METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of the Pediatric Health Information System was performed to identify hospitalizations for opioid ingestions from 2004 to 2015. Admission to the PICU and the use of naloxone, vasopressors, and ventilation …

Management Of Deep Space Infections Of The Neck, Emil Mărginean, Sargarovschi Egor, Ciprian Venter, Alina Pantiș, Oana Vălenaș, Ildiko Sorban, Maria Domuța, Cristian Bălălău, Razvan V. Scaunasu Md, Bogdan Popescu

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

Infections of the deep neck spaces often present a clinical challenge for the ENT surgeon. Management of these complex suppurations of the neck requires in fact a multidisciplinary approach due to possible complications like mediastinitis, septic shock and MSOF, life threatening bleeding and ICU management. The spread of infection from the primary site to other regions is possible through the lymphatic, arterial and venous vessels, or directly along the fasciae. There are several classifications for the etiology, pathogenic mechanism and site of evolution, the most frequently encountered clinical forms being peritonsillar abscess, retropharyngeal abscess, lateropharyngeal abscess, and the deep cervical …

Validation Of C-Reactive Protein And Curb-65 In The Firsthospital Admission Community Acquired Pneumonia Patient Asa Predictor 30 Days Mortality, Borries Foresto Buharman, Ceva Wicaksono Pitoyo, Gurmeet Singh, Sukamto Koesnoe

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia

Child Turcotte Pugh Score, diastolic dysfunction, liver cirrhosis, liver dysfunction

Operationalizing Outcome Measures Of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Among Adolescents, Chisom N. Odoh, Maureen Sanderson, Elizabeth A. Williams, Pamela C. Hull

Public Health, Health Administration, and Health Sciences Faculty Research

Objectives

When examining vaccination coverage, researchers must make decisions about how to define outcome measures based on many factors, including the timing of doses. Different operationalizations of the same outcome can often lead to different findings and can affect the ability to make comparisons across studies. This methodological article aimed to illustrate the implications of two options for operationalizing human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination based on timing: initiation of the first dose at any age vs before the 13th birthday (on time).

Study design

Cross-sectional observational design.

Methods

The 2014 National Immunization Survey for Teens (N = 16,439 adolescents aged …

Jail, An Unappreciated Medical Home: Assessing The Feasibility Of A Strengths-Based Case Management Intervention To Improve The Care Retention Of Hiv-Infected Persons Once Released From Jail, Anne C. Spaulding, Ana Drobeniuc, Paula M. Frew, Tiffany L. Lemon, Emeli J. Anderson, Colin Cerwonka, Chava Bowden, John Freshley, Carlos Del Rio

Environmental & Global Health Faculty Research

Background Linkage to and retention in care for US persons living with HIV (PLWH) after release from jail usually declines. We know of no rigorously evaluated behavioral interventions that can improve this. We hypothesized that a strengths-based case management intervention that we developed for PLWH leaving jail would increase linkage/retention in care (indicated by receipt of laboratory draws) and a suppressed HIV viral load (VL) in the year following release. Methods and findings We conducted a quasi-experimental feasibility study of our intervention for PLWH jailed in Atlanta. We recruited 113 PLWH in jail starting in 2014. “SUCCESS” (Sustained, Unbroken Connection …

Penicillin Allergy Testing And Antimicrobial Stewardship, Vanessa J. Sundeen

Nursing Capstones

No abstract provided.

Hispanic Parent/Caregiver Health Literacy: Examining Effect On Pediatric Emergency Department Utilization, Sandy Anhai Ramirez Sanchez

Social Work Doctoral Dissertations

This study aimed to explore Hispanic parent/caregiver health literacy and emergency department (ED) utilization for children ages birth to 10 years of age from a single outpatient pediatric primary care office in Wilmington, Delaware. English language proficiency (ELP) was measured to determine whether ELP was a moderating variable for ED utilization in children of Hispanic parents/caregivers. The following research question was explored in this study: “Are there significant differences between levels of health literacy and emergency department utilization rates when controlling for level of English language proficiency in Hispanic parents/caregivers?” The research question was guided by the following hypothesis: “Hispanic …

Aktivitas Fisik Pendakian Gunung Sebagai Olahraga Rekreasi Masyarakat, Faisal Adam Rahman, Sugiyanto Sugiyanto, Agus Kristiyanto

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

The purposes of this study were to know (1) focus on society motive in doing the physical activities of mountaineering, (2) to identify the gotten benefit of the physical activities of mountaineering for climbers, and (3) to identify risks and dangers of the physical activities of mountaineering. The study was conducted in the Mount Merbabu National Park, Boyolali Regency, Central Java Province. It was a qualitative research by using phenomenological approach, research objectives phenomenology was to comprehend a phenomenon about what happened to the research subject. The results of the study could be concluded as follows, first, society motive of …

Role Of Mucin 19 In The Respiratory Tract, Kaitlin Mcbride

LSU Master's Theses

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a negative sense, single stranded RNA virus belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, and represents an important pathogen that causes severe respiratory disease worldwide. There is currently no vaccine against HMPV, so it is important to study the aspects of the immune response induced by HMPV. Because infiltration of mucus is a hallmark of HMPV infection, it is warranted to study the role of mucus in the disease process. Mucin proteins make up the major component of mucus and can be found within the airway and lungs. Previous work from our laboratory demonstrated a high upregulation of …

Sequence Analysis Of The Potato Aphid Macrosiphum Euphorbiae Transcriptome Identified Two New Viruses, Marcella A. Texeira, Noa Sela, Hagop S. Atamian, Ergude Bao, Rita Chaudhury, Jacob Macwilliams, Jiangman He, Sophie Mantelin, Thomas Girke, Isgouhi Kaloshian

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

The potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, is an important agricultural pest that causes economic losses to potato and tomato production. To establish the transcriptome for this aphid, RNA-Seq libraries constructed from aphids maintained on tomato plants were used in Illumina sequencing generating 52.6 million 75±105 bp paired-end reads. The reads were assembled using Velvet/Oases software with SEED preprocessing resulting in 22,137 contigs with an N50 value of 2,003bp. After removal of contigs from tomato host origin, 20,254 contigs were annotated using BLASTx searches against the non-redundant protein database from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) as well as IntereProScan. …

Flow Of Business Newspaper Information In Scholarly Publications: A Study On The Wall Street Journal Newspaper Indexed In Web Of Science, Angom Jeevan Singh, Dr. S. Ravikumar

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

No abstract provided.

Mines And Underwater Ieds In U.S. Ports And Waterways, Scott C. Truver

Naval War College Review

Abroad spectrum of nontraditional and asymmetric threats challenges U.S. maritime homeland security. The smuggling of drugs, arms, and people; vesselborne improvised explosive devices, like that used by terrorists against the guided-missile destroyer USS Cole in October 2002; proliferation of chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high-explosive weapons of mass destruc- tion and disruption; piracy and organized crime; overexploitation of marine re- sources and the destruction of marine habitats; environmental attacks and trade disruption; political and religious extremism; mass migration flows; global health threats (e.g., the spread of infectious diseases like SARS and avian flu)—all these and more pose far-reaching dangers for …

The Intriguing Malaria Parasite Plasmodium Knowlesi: Monkey, Man, 'Spy' & Double Identity, Mun Yik Fong

Archival Material (2010s)

Plasmodium knowlsi is a malaria parasite of longtail and pigtail monkeys in Southeast Asia. Although discovered in the early 1930s, the first natural human infection with this parasite was only reported in 1965. The patient was a US Army surveyor who had worked alone for weeks in the jungles of Pahang. The true nature of his work was unclear, but a malaria scientist once wrote: The 7 960s was a period of heightened cold war tensions in the region, and rumours of espionage and clandestine operations were popular explanations for the surveyor's solo 'sojourn' in the Pahang jungle. In 2004, …

The Role Of Nutrition In Influencing Mechanisms Involved In Environmentally Mediated Diseases, Bernhard Hennig, Michael C. Petriello, Mary V. Gamble, Young-Joon Surh, Laura A. Kresty, Norbert Frank, Nuchanart Rangkadilok, Mathuros Ruchirawat, William A. Suk

Superfund Research Center Faculty Publications

Human exposure to environmental contaminants such as persistent chlorinated organics, heavy metals, pesticides, phthalates, flame retardants, electronic waste and airborne pollutants around the world, and especially in Southeast Asian regions, are significant and require urgent attention. Given this widespread contamination and abundance of such toxins as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the ecosystem, it is unlikely that remediation alone will be sufficient to address the health impacts associated with this exposure. Furthermore, we must assume that the impact on health of some of these contaminants results in populations with extraordinary vulnerabilities to disease risks. Further exacerbating risk; infectious diseases, poverty …

Results Of An Educational Intervention And Barriers To Antimicrobial Stewardship In A Skilled Nursing Facility, Gloria M. Escalona

Nursing Education Research Conference (NERC)

An educational intervention on antimicrobial stewardship, use of the McGeer-Stone Criteria, and an Infection Decision Algorithm was presented to licensed nurses at a large California SNF. Pre and post-education medical records audits were done and a post-education Nurse Survey from licensed nurses was collected to determine the impact of education.

China In Africa, Todd A. Hofstedt

Naval War College Review

The recent expansion of Chinese activity in Africa has raised several concerns, ranging from control over energy resources to exploitive economic practices and support of rogue or corrupt regimes, perpetuating instability and undermining international pressure for reform. These issues, however, represent only a fraction of China’s broadly based engagement in Africa. In fact, the most egregious examples of China’s behavior commonly cited are unsustainable and even counterproductive to its long-term interests in Africa.

A Plant-Produced Vaccine Protects Mice Against Lethal West Nile Virus Infection Without Enhancing Zika Or Dengue Virus Infectivity, Huafang Lai, Amber M. Paul, Haiyan Sun, Junyun He, Ming Yang, Fengwei Bai

Faculty Publications

West Nile virus (WNV) has caused multiple global outbreaks with increased frequency of neuroinvasive disease in recent years. Despite many years of research, there are no licensed therapeutics or vaccines available for human use. One of the major impediments of vaccine development against WNV is the potential enhancement of infection by related flaviviruses in vaccinated subjects through the mechanism of antibody-dependent enhancement of infection (ADE). For instance, the recent finding of enhancement of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection by pre-exposure to WNV further complicates the development of WNV vaccines. Epidemics of WNV and the potential risk of ADE by current vaccine …

March 27, 2018 Ereporter, University Of Alabama At Birmingham

eReporter (campus newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Human Papilloma Virus Correlates Of High Grade Cervical Dysplasia In Hiv-Infected Women In Mombasa, Kenya: A Cross-Sectional Analysis, Sonia Menon, Stanley Luchters, Rodolfo Rossi, Steven Callens, Mandaliya Kishor, Johannes Bogers, Davy Vanden Broeck

Population Health, East Africa

Background: Women living with HIV are at increased risk to be co-infected with HPV, persistent high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and increased HR HPV viral load, which make them more at risk for cervical cancer. Despite their inherent vulnerability, there is a scarcity of data on potential high risk (pHR) and HR HPV genotypes in HIV- infected women with cervical dysplasia and HPV-type specific viral load in this population in Sub Saharan Africa. The aim of this analysis of HIV-infected women was to explore the virological correlates of high-grade cervical dysplasia (CIN 2+) in HIV-infected women, thereby profiling HPV …

Department Of Veterinary And Biomedical Sciences Records, Sdsu Archives And Special Collections, Hilton M. Briggs Library

University Archives

The mission of Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences is to protect and improve the health of animals, the viability of the South Dakota livestock industry, and the welfare of society through high quality diagnostic, research, Extension, and teaching activities. The collection is composed of newsletters, reports, photographs, and booklets from conferences, symposiums and workshops of the Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences and the South Dakota Animal Disease Research & Diagnostic Laboratory.

College Of Agriculture And Biological Sciences Records, Sdsu Archives And Special Collections, Hilton M. Briggs Library

University Archives

The College of Agriculture and Biological Sciences has a three-fold mission to teach, conduct research, and use extension programs to serve people in South Dakota, the nation, and the world. The collection is composed of general office records and financial records generated by the Office of the Dean for the College of Agriculture and Biological Sciences.

Characteristics Associated With Improvements In Health Among Community Mental Health Clients With Thought Disorders Receiving Co-Located Primary Care Services, Mary Elizabeth Heintz

LSU Master's Theses

Individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) are disproportionately impacted by preventable physical health conditions, which put them at risk for premature mortality. Integrated primary and behavioral health care (PBHC) programs have demonstrated promise in treating comorbid physical and mental health conditions, common to individuals diagnosed with SMI. The current study focused on individuals with thought disorders (i.e., schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and brief psychotic disorder), as those diagnosed are more likely to be retained in care. Treatment retention is especially important, as adherence slows down the progression of psychiatric symptoms and physical health diseases. Extant research has focused on evaluation of …

Raising The Bars: Re-Imagining Nursing Education Through Partnerships With Prisons, Mary T. Bouchaud, Madeline Brooks

Nursing Education Research Conference (NERC)

Prisons provide an ideal experience to prepare nursing students for today's non-traditional model of healthcare. By serving marginalized populations in restricted settings, students learn about population health while honing clinical skills. One college of nursing collected eleven years of feedback showing that students consider a prison clinical, safe and unique.

Characterizing The Physiological Role Of Inward Rectifier Potassium (Kir) Channels In Tick Salivary Gland Function, Zhilin Li

LSU Master's Theses

The tick salivary gland is a critical tissue that enables blood feeding, maintenance of the ionic gradients, and facilitates pathogen transmission. Therefore, the broad objective of this investigation was to leverage pharmacological approaches to investigate the role of potassium ion channels to salivary gland function of Amblyomma americanum in an effort to identify a tractable target site for therapeutic development.

Data collected in Chapter 2 clearly illustrated that the A. americanum salivary gland is reliant upon inward rectifier potassium (Kir) channels for fluid secretion, which was similar to previous work performed by our laboratory on Drosophila salivary gland. Therefore, the …

Evidence-Driven Diagnosis And Treatment Of Acute Urinary Tract Infections In Long-Term Care, Morgan K. Clouse

DNP Projects

Misdiagnosis of asymptomatic bacteriuria as a urinary tract infection continues to occur, leading to the overuse of antibiotics. Due to the growing elderly population in long-term care facilities (LTCFs), LTCFs can play a critical role in antimicrobial stewardship. Urinary tract infections are a starting point for moving toward antimicrobial stewardship, since urinary tract infections are common in LTCFs. A retrospective chart review of 156 cases with suspected urinary tract infections (UTIs) was completed in a LTCF. The purpose of the scholarly project was to assess diagnostic and treatment practices for UTIs and compare them to a diagnostic and treatment algorithm. …