Digital Commons Network^™

Haa LéElk'w HáS Ji.Eetí, Our Grandparents' Art: A Study Of Master Tlingit Artists, 1750-1989, Zachary R. Jones

Anthropology

This dissertation examines the lives and creations of twenty-three master Tlingit artists that practiced in Southeast Alaska between 1750 and 1989. Biographical examination of master Tlingit artists showcases how artists created sacred art objects, known as at.óow, which play a central role in the social and spiritual life of the Tlingit people. Historic Tlingit artists came from the aanyádi, the aristocratic class, and were tasked with the responsibility of not only creating sacred art, but also serving as community leaders and exemplifying Tlingit values throughout their lives. The study of Tlingit artists and their creations also sheds light on objects …

I See What You Meant To Say: Anticipating Speech Errors During Online Sentence Processing, Matthew W. Lowder, Fernanda Ferreira

Psychology Faculty Publications

Everyday speech is rife with errors and disfluencies, yet processing what we hear usually feels effortless. How does the language comprehension system accomplish such an impressive feat? The current experiment tests the hypothesis that listeners draw on relevant contextual and linguistic cues to anticipate speech errors and mentally correct them even before receiving an explicit correction from the speaker. In the current visual-world eye-tracking experiment, we monitored participants’ eye movements to objects in a display while they listened to utterances containing reparandum-repair speech errors (e.g., …his cat, uh I mean his dog…). The contextual plausibility of the misspoken …

Unh Partners With Seacoast Science Center To Help Diagnose Cause Of Deaths Of Marine Mammals, Lori Tyler Gula

Media Relations

No abstract provided.

S.O.S. Eisberg Versus S.O.S. Iceberg - Two Nations' Visualizations Of Arctic Landscapes, Kerstin Anne Aloia

English

This project is a comparison of the perspectives on Arctic nature that are featured in the 1933 films S.O.S. Eisberg and S.O.S. Iceberg. I am arguing that the director of each version was influenced by his cultural background in visualizing the relationship between Arctic nature and the white explorers that encounter it in their films. Both Arnold Fanck, who created S.O.S. Eisberg, and Tay Garnett, who created S.O.S. Iceberg, worked with the same documentary footage that was filmed at Greenland's Arctic shores, but turned it into two different films. S.O.S. Eisberg turns the Arctic into a space whose hostile forces …

Paving The Way: An Evaluation Of Small Business Support Programs In The Kivalliq Region Of Nunavut, Gabrielle E. Morrill

Rural Development

Small businesses in Nunavut face many opportunities and challenges. The Government of Nunavut and Government of Canada have expressed a commitment to support small business development in Nunavut to promote economic development and improve socioeconomic conditions for Nunavummiut. The question is: how can they best do that? Nunavut has developed a complex business service network to support small business development. The network provides many products and services, particularly funding opportunities and advisory services. This research analyzes the history of economic and business development in the Kivalliq (southwest) region of Nunavut. This includes precolonial Inuit economic institutions, which are vastly different …

Distribution Of Hunter Groups And Environmental Effects On Moose Harvest In Interior Alaska, Tessa R. Hasbrouck

Biological Sciences

Moose (Alces alces) is one of the most valuable wild game resources in Interior Alaska. In recent years, residents of rural indigenous communities have expressed concern that climate change and competition from non-local hunters are challenging local moose harvest opportunities. I collaborated with wildlife agencies and village tribal councils to co-design two studies to address rural community hunter concerns. The first study assessed the spatial and temporal distribution of local and non-local hunter groups to examine areas of potential competition. The second study addressed changing environmental factors and their impacts on moose harvest. Although competition among local hunters or among …

Shining Light On Hibernator Genomes: Using Radiation To Reveal Dna Damage And Repair Dynamics In Arctic Ground Squirrels, Krysta L. Yancey

Biological Sciences

Mammalian hibernation is characterized by dynamic changes in metabolism and body temperature; it may be sustained for up to nine months in some species. The majority of hibernation is spent in torpor, a dormant state, which is regularly interrupted by brief periods of activity referred to as interbout arousal. Upon arousal thermogenesis begins in vascularized fat and ends with whole-body shivering until the animal reaches a body temperature around 36-37 °C. Interbout arousal is usually less than a day long and is commonly thought to be necessary for maintenance and repair of tissues, in addition to the cycling and replenishment …

Role Of Dietary Fat And Supplementation In Modulating Neurodegenerative Pathology In Two Animal Model Systems, Malabika Maulik

Chemistry and Biochemistry

Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive conditions that worsen over time and results in death of neurons. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent example of one such age-related disease, which is characterized by movement disorder (ataxia) and/or cognitive disability (dementia). Pathologically, PD is characterized by a toxic accumulation of α-synuclein protein in the midbrain leading to degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons. The etiology of PD is intricate, and the cause is attributed to genetic mutations and environmental factors like insecticides or heavy metals. Moreover, treatment options are limited and often aimed at treating the symptoms rather than the actual disease progression. Using …

Integrating Comprehension Instruction, Multimodalities And Co-Construction Into Cultural Learning, Christine Harrington

Education

This study explores the impact of a story-based approach to teaching reading strategies, and examines the implementation of and co-construction within multimodal activities. Eight third grade students participated in this study in a charter school focused on Alaska Native cultural learning. The phases of the PACE Model focused on transitional words and phrases in the context of a traditional story from the Tlingit, Haida, and Tsimshian cultures of Alaska. Their attention to the language feature was extended to summarizing and retelling as part of the Extension phase of the model. The results are consistent with previous studies that attributed focus …

Gizmos And Gadgets: A Guidebook Of Technological Resources In The Elementary Classroom, Rachel A. Dobrich

Education

This research examines the implementation of technology in elementary classrooms. Prior research has shown that elementary teachers have more positive perspectives towards technology incorporation when sufficiently trained through pre-service teacher preparation programs and professional development opportunities for existing educators. Adequate technology instruction is necessary because it teaches educators about available resources and how to appropriately and meaningfully incorporate them into their lessons. Teachers need to provide relevant, authentic learning experiences for their students, teaching them how to function in a technological society. Technology has the potential to increase engagement and academic performance. It also allows teachers to create an accessible …

Treatment Challenges Of Delusional Disorders, Amanda Mikhaeil

Nursing Capstones

No abstract provided.

Fly Control To Prevent Diarrhoea In Children, Jai K. Das, Yousaf Bashir Hadi, Rehana Salam, Mehar Hoda, Zohra S. Lassi, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background:
Diarrhoeal disease accounts for millions of child deaths every year. Although the role of flies as vectors of infectious diarrhoea has been established, fly control is not often mentioned as an approach to decrease childhood diarrhoea. Theoretically, fly control for decreasing diarrhoea incidence can be achieved by intervening at four different levels: reduction or elimination of fly breeding sites; reduction of sources that attract houseflies; prevention of contact between flies and disease-causing organisms; and protection of people, food, and food utensils from contact with flies.
Objectives:
To assess the impact of various housefly control measures on the incidence of …

Reindeer, Dogs, And Horses Among The Tozhu Reindeer Herder-Hunters In The Siberian Taiga, Tayana Arakchaa

Anthropology

Anthropological studies have typically represented reindeer as the uniquely key domesticated animal species for Siberian people. For Tozhu reindeer herder-hunters, however, such a perspective ignores the important roles of dogs and horses. These species are equally vital and interdependent partners of daily life in the mountainous areas of Tuva where Tozhu people live. Each animal comes with specific characteristics, challenges and benefits that necessitate a multispecies perspective--the reindeer-dog-horse triad of Tozhu hunting and reindeer herding economies. This research completes the picture of how taiga-dwelling Tozhu and the three important animal species co-exist together. It seeks to portray: 1) how the …

A Farmers Guide To Evaluate Soil Health Using Physical, Chemical, And Biological Indicators On An Agricultural Field In Alaska, Cory J. Cole

Natural Resources

Farmers across Alaska face many challenges. These challenges include climate extremes, wind and water erosion, weed pressure, crop pests, and nutrient-poor soils. Cover crops, crop rotation, crop residue, and tillage management are common conservation practices used to address soil related resource concerns. Research in the continental United States has shown that these soil conservation practices improve soil health. Resource managers are trying to determine the usefulness of soil health indicators to assess conservation practices in Alaska. The objective of this project was to provide Alaskan farmers, conservation planners, and land managers with a background on soil health, soil health indicators, …

Assessment And Application Of Dna Metabarcoding For Characterizing Arctic Shorebird Chick Diets, Danielle Elizabeth Gerik

Fisheries

Climate change in the Arctic is affecting the emergence timing of arthropods used as food by nesting shorebirds and their young. Characterizing the diets of shorebird young is a prerequisite to evaluate the potential for asynchrony to occur between the timing of arthropod emergence and when shorebird young hatch, an example of trophic mismatch. In this study, DNA metabarcoding was used to identify arthropod remains in feces collected from wild-caught Red Phalarope (Phalaropus fulicarius), Pectoral Sandpiper (Calidris melanotos), and Dunlin (Calidris alpina), young in Utqiaġvik, Alaska between 2014 and 2016. Arthropod specimens were collected at the field site to generate …

Navigating The Predator Gauntlet: Consumption Of Hatchery- And Wild-Born Juvenile Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus Keta) By Common Nearshore Marine Fishes In Southeast Alaska, Douglas H. Duncan

Fisheries

Juvenile chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) undergo extensive mortality at marine entry, a period which is believed to be a potential population bottleneck. Although this early mortality has been consistently observed, our understanding of the mechanisms responsible is limited. Furthermore, the implications of large-scale salmon hatchery releases for the ecology of juvenile chum salmon and their consumers is another important knowledge gap. To better understand the predation responses of abundant consumers to hatchery- and wild-born juvenile chum salmon, we examined the diets of Pacific staghorn sculpin (Leptocottus armatus) and Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) near Juneau, Alaska, in 2016 and 2017. Chum …

Exploring The Potential Role Of Late Stage Predation And Chinook Salmon Age Structure, Kaitlyn A. Manishin

Fisheries

Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) populations across the North Pacific have displayed a decrease in body size-at-return resulting from declines both in age- and body size-at-maturity. These changes have precipitated the loss of the oldest age classes in some populations and have occurred throughout the range of this species, suggesting a shared - yet currently unknown - driver in the common marine environment. A hypothesis for the cause of these changes is intense and/or selective predation marine mortality after the first winter in the ocean, potentially from predators selectively removing relatively large sub-adult Chinook salmon. Here I consider the question: under …

Impacts Of A Top Predator (Esox Lucius) On Salmonids In Southcentral Alaska: Genetics, Connectivity, And Vulnerability, Chase S. Jalbert

Fisheries

Worldwide invasion and range expansion of northern pike (pike; Esox lucius) have been linked to the decline of native fishes and new techniques are needed to assess the effects of invasion over broad geographic scales. In Alaska, pike are native north and west of the Alaska Mountain Range but were introduced into Southcentral Alaska in the 1950s and again in the 1970s. To investigate the history of the invasion into Southcentral Alaska, I identified 7,889 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from three native and seven introduced populations in Alaska and examined genetic diversity, structure, and affinities of native and invasive pike. …

Spatial Trends And Environmental Drivers Of Epibenthic Shelf Community Structure Across The Aleutian Islands, Aaron Bland

Marine Biology

The continental shelf around the Aleutian Islands supports important commercial and subsistence fisheries as well as multiple seabird and marine mammal populations. To sustainably manage these populations, more information is needed on the distribution of the benthic communities that support some of the top level consumers. Given the vast size and highly variable physical environment of the Aleutian Islands, it is likely that epibenthic community structure on the continental shelf will vary by geographic area and physical and oceanographic conditions. This project examined spatial patterns in Aleutian epibenthic shelf communities among oceanographic regions (island groups separated by major oceanographic passes) …

Estimates Of Primary Production Sources To Arctic Bivalves Using Amino Acid Stable Carbon Isotope Fingerprinting, Audrey G. Rowe

Marine Biology

Benthic invertebrates are a crucial trophic link in Arctic marine food webs. However, estimates of the contribution of primary production sources sustaining these organisms are not well characterized. Potential sources could include sinking particulate organic matter from sea ice algae and phytoplankton, terrestrial organic matter eroded from the coastal environment, macroalgal material, or microbial organic matter. Proportions of these sources could also be significantly altered in the future as a result of environmental change. We measured the stable carbon isotope values of essential amino acids in muscle tissue from two common bivalve genera (Macoma spp. and Astarte spp.) collected in …

Tracing Sea Ice Algae Into Various Benthic Feeding Types On The Chukchi Sea Shelf, Tanja Schollmeier

Marine Biology

Climate change in the Arctic is expected to have drastic effects on marine primary production sources by shifting ice-associated primary production to an overall greater contribution from pelagic primary production. This shift could influence the timing, amount, and quality of algal material reaching the benthos. We determined the contribution of sea ice particulate organic matter (iPOM) to benthic-feeding invertebrates by examining concentrations and stable carbon isotope values (expressed as δ¹³C values) of three FAs prominent in diatoms: 16:4(n-1), 16:1(n-7) and 20:5(n-3). Our underlying assumption was that diatoms make up the majority in sea ice algal communities compared with phytoplankton communities. …

Proceedings For The 10th International Symposium On Poisonous Plants (Isopp)., Kevin D. Welch

Poisonous Plant Research (PPR)

The 10^th International Symposium on Poisonous Plants (ISOPP) was held on September 16-20, 2018 at the Red Lion Conference Center in St. George, Utah, USA. The meeting was truly international with 55 attendees from across the globe. The attendees were a diverse mix of research scientists, academicians, students, veterinarians, private industry representatives, extension agents and government regulators. Dr. Joseph Betz, Acting Director of the Office of Dietary Supplements at the National Institutes of Health, was the plenary speaker for the symposium, wherein he spoke regarding the safety of botanical supplements. There were six sessions of oral presentations including sessions …

Usage Statistics: Project Counter R4 Book Report 2 (Br2) By Title 2017-2018, Andrée Rathemacher

Technical Services Reports and Statistics

Project COUNTER R4 Book Report 2 (BR2) for the University of Rhode Island for the period from July 1, 2017 - June 30, 2018. Book Report 2 is defined as "Number of Successful Section Requests by Month and Title." This report presents an annual total only.

File for download is Excel spreadsheet generated by Alma Analytics.

Results: 104,151 successful section requests for 6,475 reported titles.

Bjc Today

BJC Today

No abstract provided.

The Guardian, Week Of December 17, 2018, Wright State University Student Body

The Guardian Student Newspaper

News articles from The Guardian for the week of December 17, 2018. The Guardian is the official student-run newspaper for Wright State University. It has been published regularly since March of 1965.

The Influence Of Slope On Vegetation Recovery Following Nonnative Grazer Removal On Santa Rosa Island, California, Ryan Summers, Jamie Masukawa, Brett D. Hartman

Western North American Naturalist

Ecosystem restoration efforts have been ongoing on the Channel Islands of California since the 1980s. Although these island ecosystems evolved without ungulate grazers, large nonnative grazers, including sheep, cattle, feral pigs, deer, and elk, were present on the islands for over 160 years. Intensive grazing led to reductions in the extent of woody vegetation, increases in the area of grassland and bare ground, and widespread landsliding and gully erosion. This study focuses on Santa Rosa Island, the second largest (215.3 km²) island in Channel Islands National Park. After the park was created in 1980, the National Park Service …

Usage Statistics: Project Counter R4 Journal Report 1 (Jr1) 2017-2018, Andrée Rathemacher

Technical Services Reports and Statistics

Project COUNTER R4 Journal Report 1 (JR1) for the University of Rhode Island for the period from July 1, 2017 - June 30, 2018. Journal Report 1 is defined as "Number of Successful Full-Text Article Requests by Month and Journal." This report presents an annual total only.

File for download is Excel spreadsheet generated by Alma Analytics.

Results: 957,289 successful full-text article requests for 27,451 reported titles.

Nh Veterinary Diagnostic Lab Partners With Seacoast Science Center Marine Mammal Rescue, Lori Tyler Gula

UNH Today Archive

No abstract provided.

Landscape Modeling Of The Potential Natural Vegetation Of Santa Catalina Island, California, Travis Longcore, Nina Noujdina, Peter J. Dixon

Western North American Naturalist

The vegetation of Santa Catalina Island has been significantly transformed through a history of introduction of exotic plant species and disturbance by large introduced herbivores. Many of these disturbances have been reduced in recent decades, using measures such as carefully controlling the number of bison and removing cattle, sheep, feral pigs, and goats. The success of subsequent vegetation restoration actions depends on the choice of the right plant community for a location, which may not be obvious for an island with extensive areas dominated by exotic species. Environmental niche modeling is an approach to re-create the spatial distribution of habitat …

Incentivizing Transparency: Agricultural Benefit Corporations To Improve Consumer Trust, Kathryn Smith

San Diego Law Review

In the face of inadequate, often abysmal agricultural practices and laws that enable them, producers who provide the social good of transparency should receive a benefit. Amidst the debate that all benefit corporations should qualify for special tax treatment, this Comment proposes the development of a federal benefit corporation class offering special tax treatment to worthy agricultural producers. By reallocating current agricultural subsidies, Congress can feasibly correct the agricultural industry’s failure to adequately inform consumers.