Digital Commons Network^™

Responsive Regulation And Resiliency: The Renewable Fuel Standard And Advanced Biofuels, Nadia B. Ahmad

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Extracurricular Activities And Disadvantaged Youth: A Complicated - But Promising - Story, Ryan D. Heath, Charity Anderson, Charles M. Payne, Ashley Cureton Turner

Social Work - All Scholarship

Increased political and research interest in extracurricular activities stems, in part, from the claim that these programs especially benefit disadvantaged youth. However, little literature has synthesized studies across types of disadvantage to assess this claim. This article reviews research on disadvantaged youth in extracurricular programs, including differences by gender, socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, and immigrant status. Our review reveals a promising, if complicated, picture. Although disadvantaged youth are less likely to participate in extracurricular activities, they often experience greater benefits, depending on the risk status and activity type. Evidence clearly supports expanding access to extracurricular programs for disadvantaged youth.

The Effect Of Insulin On Bone Mineral Density Among Women With Type 2 Diabetes: A Swan Pharmacoepidemiology Study, K. Ruppert, J. Cauley, Y. Lian, Janice C. Zgibor, C. Derby, D. H. Solomon

Epidemiology and Biostatistics Faculty Publications

Summary: This was a longitudinal study examining the effects of insulin use on bone mineral density loss. Insulin use was found to be associated with greater bone mineral density loss at the femoral neck among women with diabetes mellitus.

Introduction: Women with diabetes mellitus (DM) have higher bone mineral density (BMD) and experience slower BMD loss but have an increased risk of fracture. The data regarding the effect of insulin treatment on BMD remains conflicted. We examined the impact of insulin initiation on BMD.

Methods: We investigated the annual changes in BMD associated with the new use of insulin among …

Romans, Reconciliation, And Role-Playing In Mozambique: Benefiting From The 'New Perspective On Paul, Alan Howell

Faculty Research and Publications

The “New Perspective on Paul” has shaped the author’s teaching of the book of Romans in Mozambique. Role-playing the background of the letter and using an important play on words in the Makua-Metto language helps present the historical and religious issues involved. This sets up a more comprehensive reading of Romans which, instead of focusing on individual justification, serves to find important points of contact and relevance for the church in Mozambique at congregational, civic, and cosmic levels.

Medicine@Yale February/March 2018 Volume 14, Issue 1, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications

Medicine@Yale - development newsletter

Medicine@Yale : advancing biomedical science, education and health care was a print and online newsletter which published news about academics, research and philanthropy for alumni, donors, faculty, students and the general public. It was initially published 6 times a year and then changed to a quarterly schedule. The first issue came out June/Jul. 2005. The final issue was published in May/June 2022, vol. 17, issue 1. Published by Yale School of Medicine, Office of Communications.

Preliminary Understanding Of Complexities In Swimming Performance Of Common Minnow (Cyprinidae) Taxa, Crystal Nichols, Austin Smith, Stephen Huelsman, Cara Schemmel, Jason C. Doll, Stephen J. Jacquemin

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Understanding swimming performance of native freshwater fishes has implications for ecology, conservation, and management. In particular, this type of information has practical importance for improving the understanding of fish dispersal, occurrence, migration, and invasive potential. The objective of this study was to characterize swimming performance of 2 taxa from the comparatively understudied minnow family (Cyprinidae) and test for potential drivers as a function of total length, sex, habitat, morphology, or some combination. The study assessed Spotfin Shiner (Cyprinella spiloptera; n = 66) and Bluntnose Minnow (Pimephales notatus; n = 24) populations from an ontogenic range of male and …

Indian Foundations And Chinese Developments Of The Buddha Dharma, Ronald S. Green, Chanju Mun

Philosophy and Religious Studies

No abstract provided.

Are We Running Out Of Trademarks? An Empirical Study Of Trademark Depletion And Congestion, Barton C. Beebe, Jeanne C. Fromer

Faculty Articles

American trademark law has long operated on the assumption that there exists an inexhaustible supply of unclaimed trademarks that are at least as competitively effective as those already claimed. This core empirical assumption underpins nearly every aspect of trademark law and policy. This Article presents empirical evidence showing that this conventional wisdom is wrong. The supply of competitively effective trademarks is, in fact, exhaustible and has already reached severe levels of what we term trademark depletion and trademark congestion. We systematically study all 6.7 million trademark applications filed at the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) from 1985 through 2016 …

Synthesis And Large-Scale Textual Corpora: A Nested Topic Model Of Britain's Debates Over Landed Property In The Nineteenth Century, Jo Guldi, Benjamin Williams

History Faculty Publications

Scholars need tools that will allow them to generalize about the fit of themes, events, and rhetorical styles represented in a body of texts. In this article, we introduce the concept of “nested topics,” an approach to topic modeling large-scale textual corpora that highlights implicit ontologies and relationships within the texts themselves. This tool exploits the fact that topic modeling can be used to generalize about topics on an aggregate level as well as a fine-grained level, an approach that has the consequences of revealing overarching themes that appear across all texts as well as more idosyncratic events and rehtorical …

Absurdist Sci-Fi Humor: Comparable Attitudes Regarding Absurdism In Hitchhiker’S Guide To The Galaxy And Rick And Morty, Rene L. Candelaria

OUR Journal: ODU Undergraduate Research Journal

Absurdism is a default thought of cosmic meaninglessness that society is continuously trying to solve to avoid depression and live with some ascribed meaning. Two parody science fiction series, Hitchikers’s Guide to the Galaxy and Rick and Morty, display similar outlooks on the answer to this social phenomenon. Both series explore the possible answers offered by religion, science, and philosophy as well as the inevitable failings of the three. Ultimately, both series agree that our pursuit of distractions, which hold personal and societal meaning, is the only answer because it is impossible to find meaning on a grander scale. …

Skunk River Review 2016-2018, Bryanna Thompson, Joseph Wellman, Amy Eldridge, Savannah Maynard, Ashlee Osier, Elizabeth Petersen, Deann Irlmeier, Ashlee Klimpel, Zachary Walther

Skunk River Review

No abstract provided.

How To End “Illegal Immigration”, Kari Hong

Maryland Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.

Teens Implementing A Childhood Obesity Prevention Program In The Community: Feasibility And Perceptions Of A Partnership With Hsta And Icook 4-H, Rebecca L. Hagedorn, Jade A. White, Lisa Franzen-Castle, Sarah E. Colby, Kendra K. Kattelmann, Adrienne A. White, Melissa D. Olfert

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

High school student researchers and teen leaders from the Health Science Technology Academy (HSTA), under the supervision of HSTA teachers, led a childhood obesity prevention (COP) program (iCook 4-H). The objective was to evaluate the feasibility and perceptions of having teen leaders implement a COP program for dyads of youth (9–10 years old) and their primary adult food preparer. Behavior change and perceptions were assessed through surveys and open-ended interviews. Across eight HSTA organizations, 43 teen leaders participated in teaching the iCook 4-H program to 24 dyads. Increased frequency of culinary skills, physical activity and mealtime behavior were reported by …

Hidden Hunger: Solutions For America’S Aging Populations, Manfred Eggersdorfer, Ucheoma Akobundu, Regan L. Bailey, Julie Shlisky, Amy R. Beaudreault, Gilles Bergeron, Robert B. Blancato, Jeffrey B. Blumberg, Megan W. Bourassa, Filomena Gomes, Gordon Jensen, Mary Ann Johnson, Douglas Mackay, Keri Marshall, Simin Nikbin Meydani, Katherine L. Tucker

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

The global population, including the United States, is experiencing a demographic shift with the proportion of older adults (aged ≥ 65 years) growing faster than any other age group. This demographic group is at higher risk for developing nutrition-related chronic conditions such as heart disease and diabetes as well as infections such as influenza and pneumonia. As a result, an emphasis on nutrition is instrumental for disease risk reduction. Unfortunately, inadequate nutrient status or deficiency, often termed hidden hunger, disproportionately affects older adults because of systematic healthcare, environmental, and biological challenges. This report summarizes the unique nutrition challenges facing the …

An Impact Mapping Method To Generate Robust Qualitative Evaluation Of Community-Based Research Programs For Youth And Adults, Melissa D. Olfert, Rebecca L. Hagedorn, Jade A. White, Barbara A. Baker, Sarah E. Colby, Lisa Franzen-Castle, Kendra Kattelmann, Adrienne A. White

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Ripple Effect Mapping (REM) is an evaluation approach that has traditionally been used in community settings to visually map the impact of programming and community interventions. This manuscript utilizes the Community Capitals Framework (CCF) to inform REM and to better highlight the changes and impact between various levels of a community, following a childhood obesity prevention intervention. The addition of in-depth qualitative analyses makes this approach particularly useful for the evaluation of interventions with a research–community partnership focus. The objective of this study was to describe a CCF-informed REM approach with detailed protocol, training, and application to the community-based, childhood …

Development Of Igrow: A Curriculum For Youth/Adult Dyads To Increase Gardening Skills, Culinary Competence, And Family Meal Time For Youths And Their Adult Caregivers, Jade A. White, Rebecca L. Hagedorn, Nicole L. Waterland, Makenzie L. Barr, Oluremi A. Famodu, Amy E. Root, Adrienne A. White, Sarah E. Colby, Lisa Franzen-Castle, Kendra Kattelmann, Melissa D. Olfert

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

This manuscript describes the development of a “learn by actively participating” curriculum for youth and their adult caregivers (dyad pair) to increase gardening skills, culinary competence, and family meal time. The curriculum was developed by integrating “iCook 4-H” and Junior Masters Gardener “Health and Nutrition from the Garden”, and “Essential Elements of 4-H Youth Development” curriculums with additional resources for gardening activities from the USDA’s My Plate and garden-based recipes. Expert reviewers (n = 11) provided feedback on the curriculum content, session structure, dosage, age appropriateness, and balance of the three focused areas. Seven family dyads (n = …

Effects Of Kernel Processing At Harvest Of Brown Midrib Corn Silage On Finishing Performance Of Steers, Lauren A. Ovinge, F. Henry Hilscher, Curtis J. Bittner Bittner, Bradley M. Boyd, John N. Anderson, Galen E. Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A 2 × 3 factorial finishing study evaluated kernel processing in three corn silage hybrids on finishing performance of yearling steers fed 40% silage. The three hybrids included a control corn silage (CON), a brown midrib (bm3), and a brown midrib with a softer endosperm (bm3-EXP). No interactions were observed between hybrids and kernel processing (P > 0.45). Feeding both bm3 hybrids increased dry matter intake and average daily gain over CON (P < 0.01). Cattle fed bm3-EXP and bm3 had lower feed to gain than CON (P = 0.04), with no differences between the two brown midrib hybrids. Feeding silage that has undergone kernel processing decreased dry matter intake with similar average daily gain, which decreased feed to gain by 2.6% at 40% inclusion compared to non-processed silage (P = 0.10). The improvement in silage is calculated to be 6.5% (2.6/40) when kernel processing was utilized as compared to not kernel processing the corn silage hybrids.

Netrin Guides Spinal Commissural Axons To The Midline At Long Range Through The Receptors Dcc And Neogenin, Sze Sing Shaun Teo

Student Theses and Dissertations

During neurodevelopment, commissural axons are guided to the ventral midline in a remarkably precise and stereotyped way. Netrin, a secreted laminin-related protein, provides the major attractive cue for midline guidance. It is thought to act at long-range, functioning either in solution (chemotaxis) or bound to surfaces (haptotaxis). A gradient of Netrin-1 along the dorsal-ventral axis of the spinal cord is thought to attract commissural axons to the midline, with the floor plate being a major source of diffusible Netrin. However, this view has recently been challenged. To address this controversy and determine what role, if any, floor plate-derived Netrin-1 plays …

Modeling Alzheimer's Disease In Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, Andrew Gregg

Student Theses and Dissertations

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide, and is now the 5th leading cause of death in the United States. The pathologic hallmarks of AD include the deposition of extracellular plaques of aggregated amyloid-β (Aβ) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles of tau aggregates (NFTs). Autosomal dominant inheritance of AD has been attributed to genetic mutations in three key genes: amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin-1 (PSEN1), and presenilin-2 (PSEN-2). Together, these pathologic findings and genetics provided the framework for the amyloid cascade hypothesis, which states that Aβ deposition is a necessary, early event that is upstream of the …

Control Of Salmonella Virulence By Microbiota-Derived And Dietary Fatty Acids, Zhenrun J. Zhang

Student Theses and Dissertations

The intestinal microbiota plays critical roles in human physiology and diseases. While recent research has revealed many mechanisms by which gut microbiota influences host immunity to defend against invading pathogens, how microbiota directly antagonizes pathogen virulence is less studied. In particular, gut microbiota produces large amounts and varieties of small molecules that may impact both host immunity and pathogen virulence. In this thesis, I describe how fatty acids, derived from both gut microbiota and diet, contribute to attenuation of virulence of enteric pathogen Salmonella. In Chapter 1, I review how dietary and microbiota metabolites affect different aspects of host-microbe interactions. …

Biological Consequences Of Atypical Phage Conversion In Gram-Positive Pathogens, Douglas R. Deutsch

Student Theses and Dissertations

Temperate bacteriophage have a complex, dynamic relationship with bacteria: parasitizing in the lytic cycle, but often increasing bacteria's fitness as lysogens. The phage-bacteria relationship is vast and has evolved over more than an estimated three billion years, and there are likely many uncharacterized, intricate events between host and phage with important impacts on bacterial pathogenesis. This Thesis explores some of these lesser-studied phage-bacteria interactions, describing atypical mechanisms ("conversion events") by which phage shape the populations of Bacillus anthracis and Staphylococcus aureus, driving their increased diversity and likely impacting their natural behaviors. In B. anthracis, phage contributions to virulence are largely …

Cell Type Specific Roles Of Serotonin Receptor 4 In The Hippocampus And Neocortex In Emotion And Cognition, Remzi Karayol

Student Theses and Dissertations

Anxiety and mood disorders are the most prevalent classes of mental disorders. However, current treatments for these debilitating diseases are limited due to their delayed onset of action and numerous side effects, emphasizing the need for faster acting and more efficacious therapies. Preclinical studies indicate a critical role for Serotonin Receptor 4 (5-HT₄R, product of the Htr4 gene) in this direction as drugs that activate this receptor show fast-acting antidepressant-like properties. Unfortunately, 5-HT₄R is widely expressed in the periphery, limiting its use as a direct therapeutic target due to various side effects. Understanding the cell type …

Daple Orients And Patterns Sensory Hair Bundles In The Inner Ear, Kimberly Siletti

Student Theses and Dissertations

The planar orientation of mammalian cells necessitates the integration of diverse pathways. In the inner ear, at least two systems regulate the planar polarity of the hair bundle. The core planar cell polarity (PCP) proteins coordinate the orientations of hair cells across the epithelial plane. The cell-intrinsic patterning of each hair bundle is implemented independently by a G-protein complex comprising the alpha subunit of heterotrimeric G-protein (Gαi) and Leu-Gly-Asn repeat-enriched protein (LGN). Classically known for orienting the mitotic spindle, these proteins form an apical blueprint for hair-bundle development. Although the primary cilium also participates in each of these pathways, the …

Dopaminergic Modulation Shapes Sensorimotor Processing In The Drosophila Mushroom Body, Raphael Cohn

Student Theses and Dissertations

To survive in a complex and dynamic environment, animals must adapt their behavior based on their current needs and prior experiences. This flexibility is often mediated by neuromodulation within neural circuits that link sensory representations to alternative behavioral responses depending on contextual cues and learned associations. In Drosophila, the mushroom body is a prominent neural structure essential for olfactory learning. Dopaminergic neurons convey salient information about reward and punishment to the mushroom body in order to adjust synaptic connectivity between Kenyon cells, the neurons representing olfactory stimuli, and the mushroom body output neurons that ultimately influence behavior. However, we still …

Cell Cycle Control By Cyclin-Cdks In Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii, Kenneth C. Atkins

Student Theses and Dissertations

The cell cycle consists of a series of events, including replication and segregation of the genome, that occurs in order to ensure successful reproduction of cells. In fungi and animals, this process is carefully regulated by a set of protein complexes with alternating, oscillating activity. A well established model has been developed for animals and fungi in which the activities of various cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and the anaphase promoting complex (APC) drive the events of the cell cycle at the appropriate time and in the appropriate order. While this model has been extremely useful for understanding cell division in these …

Chemical Approaches To Dynein Inhibition, Jonathan Baruch Steinman

Student Theses and Dissertations

Cells utilize energy to maintain order within the cytoplasm. Motor proteins are the enzymes that convert the chemical energy contained in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) into directed movement along polarized filaments of actin and tubulin within cells. Dyneins are the primary enzymes that drive motion toward the stable "minus ends" of tubulin-containing filaments known as microtubules. This protein family is divided into two sub-families. Axonemal dyneins drive flagellar beating while cytoplasmic dyneins (hereafter, dyneins) are required a wide array of cellular processes including moving RNAs, proteins, and whole organelles and for the formation, maintenance, and positioning of the mitotic spindle, the …

Components Required For The Death And Degradation Of The Linker Cell In C. Elegans, Lena Marlise Kutscher

Student Theses and Dissertations

Programmed cell death (PCD) is an important process in the development of multicellular organisms. Apoptosis, a form of PCD characterized morphologically by chromatin condensation, membrane blebbing, and cytoplasm compaction, and molecularly by the activation of caspase proteases, has been extensively investigated. Studies in C. elegans, Drosophila, mice, and the developing chick have revealed, however, that developmental PCD also occurs through other mechanisms, morphologically and molecularly distinct from apoptosis. One prominent cell death program, linker cell-type death (LCD), is morphologically conserved, and independent of the key genes that drive apoptosis. Instead, LCD functions, in part, through the stressrelated protein HSF-1, and …

The Role Of Neuronal Pentraxin 1 In Promoting Pancreatic Cancer Progression, Yuehyi Gloria Wu

Student Theses and Dissertations

Pancreatic cancer is a deadly malignancy because it is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage and does not respond to the majority of treatments. More than 80% of patients present with advanced stage disease at the time of diagnosis and metastatic pancreatic cancer has a median survival of eight to eleven months under current standard of care. In the United States, pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death. Efforts in using targeted agents to treat pancreatic cancer have mostly been fruitless. The dismal survival outcome of this disease and lack of success in clinical trials indicate the …

Surface Coat Replacement Dynamics And Antigen Glycosylation In T. Brucei Influence Evasion Of The Host Antibody Response, Jason M. Pinger

Student Theses and Dissertations

The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei, a causative agent of human and animal trypanosomiasis, evades host immunity through antigenic variation of its variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) coat. During infection, the VSG coat elicits a robust antibody response, but the parasite escapes antibody-mediated clearance by repeatedly accessing its large genomic VSG repertoire and switching expression to antigenically distinct VSGs. Much of our knowledge of the process of VSG switching and the extent of VSG diversity has come from genetic analyses, but deep understanding of the T. brucei host-pathogen interface also requires examination of these topics at the protein level. In this thesis, …

Igdb-2, An Ig/Fniii Protein, Binds The Ion Channel Lgc-34 And Controls Sensory Compartment Morphogenesis In C. Elegans, Wendy Wang

Student Theses and Dissertations

Sensory organ glia surround neuronal receptive endings (NREs), forming a specialized extracellular space, or compartment, important for neuronal activity, and reminiscent of glia-ensheathed synapses in the central nervous system. Sensory organ glia are conserved across organisms, but our current understanding of how they form sensory compartments is generally lacking. To date, the Caenorhabditis elegans amphid sensory organ has provided critical insight into some of these developmental processes. DAF-6, a Patched-related protein, was previously shown to be required in amphid glia to restrict sensory compartment size. LIT-1, a Nemo-like kinase, and SNX-1, a retromer component, antagonize DAF-6 and promote compartment expansion. …