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Neural Circuit Mechanisms Underlying Behavioral Evolution In Drosophila, Laura Fairbanks Seeholzer

Student Theses and Dissertations

Courtship rituals serve to reinforce reproductive barriers between closely related species. Several species in the Drosophila melanogaster subgroup exhibit pre-mating isolation due, in part, to the fact that D. melanogaster females produce 7,11-heptacosadiene (7,11-HD), a pheromone that promotes courtship in D. melanogaster males but suppresses it in D. simulans, D. yakuba, and D. erecta males. Here we compare pheromone-processing pathways across species to define how males endow 7,11-HD with the opposite behavioral valence to underlie species discrimination. We first show that D. melanogaster and D. simulans males detect 7,11-HD using the homologous peripheral sensory neurons, but this signal is differentially …

Multi-Modal Effects Of The Repellent Deet Across Protostomia, Emily Jane Dennis

Student Theses and Dissertations

DEET (N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide) is the most broadly effective and widely used personal repellent available, yet we do not understand what makes it so effective. Even in well-studied species like Drosophila melanogaster flies and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, many mysteries remain as to how DEET can affect behavior in these species. For example, Ae. aegypti mosquitoes are attracted to human arms. When an arm is covered in DEET, wild-type mosquitoes are not attracted to the arm, while mutant mosquitoes that lack the odorant receptor co-receptor (orco), approach the arm, but rarely bite. We investigated this orco-independent DEET repellency in Ae. aegypti and …

Community And Conscience Formation, Phyllis R. Brown

English

The three Cs, competence, conscience, and compassion, are fundamental to Santa Clara University's distinctive identity as a Jesuit and Catholic university. However, a fourth C, community-and communities within communities-provides a context for conscience formation through dialogue and critical engagement not only with the academic subject matter of course work but also outside the classroom with the wicked problems facing humanity. This chapter will explore ways individuals and programs at Santa Clara University (SCU) invite students to experience communities in classroom and co-curricular settings that encourage dialogue, critical engagement, and social consciousness aimed at fostering the greater good. This engagement is …

Comparison Of Newer Technology Use In Private Practice And Residency Settings, Samuel Collins

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Objective: This project was designed to complete two primary objectives: 1. Evaluate and quantify the usage of relatively new technologies in both a private practice and academic setting and 2. Determine if a discrepancy exists between what is taught in residencies and what is currently used in private practice. In addition, the study will evaluate if different regions of the United States use more or less of the newer technologies and if the length of time practicing (or how long a program has been accredited) are correlated to more or less use of new technology. The data from this research …

Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: Role Of Gut Microbiota Is Dependent On Lipopolysaccharide-Toll-Like Receptor-4 Axis, S. M. Touhidul Islam

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Hepatic steatosis is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome which is increasingly becoming a health problem worldwide, especially in the western hemisphere. Hepatic steatosis is benign, but long standing hepatic steatosis can lead to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH is a form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease where excessive fat accumulation in the liver leads to chronic inflammation of a patient without any history of alcohol abuse. However, the mechanism underlying the progression of hepatic steatosis to NASH is unclear. Role of gut microbiota in metabolic syndrome has long been reported. Here, we hypothesized that gut microbiota plays an important role …

Select Antimicrobial Resistance Trends In Kentucky’S Bovine Population And Antibiogram Development, Jessica Morehouse

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a complex problem that affects all of society and is driven by many interconnected factors. It is important to monitor AMR trends in veterinary medicine to accurately pursue appropriate antibiotic treatment of ill animals. Antibiogram development is also an important tool in guiding the veterinary practitioner in treating empirically or while a culture and susceptibility is being performed.

Methods: This study compared bacterial susceptibility in voluntary samples submitted to the University of Kentucky Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and the Murray State University Breathitt Veterinary Center between 2012 and 2017. Equality of proportions was used to compare …

Assessment Of Clinical And Blood Gas Parameters In Healthy And Diarrhoeic Calves, Patrick Dillane

Theses

Neonatal calf diarrhoea (NCD) is a major problem to calf health worldwide. Metabolic acidosis, electrolyte imbalances are common complications of NCD, consequently, blood gas analysis is regarded as the gold standard test to assess of severity of these abnormalities in diarrhoeic calves. The objective of this research was to develop blood gas reference ranges for neonatal calves accounting for influencing physiological and environmental factors. As this disease is commonly treated by primary producers, previously published clinical assessment scoring chart was also analysed and compared to gold standard blood gas, in addition to next- generation biomarkers for severity diagnosis for NCD. …

2018 Commencement Program, Morehead State University. Registrar's Office.

Morehead State Commencement Programs

2018 commencement programs of Morehead State University.

The Effects Of A Cognitive Training Program For Cognitively Intact Older Adults, Caroline Kinskey

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

Cognitive training is a term used to describe programs that provide guided practice on tasks requiring different cognitive abilities such as memory or language. It is assumed that regular practice will improve or maintain functioning in a particular cognitive domain (e.g., memory) and those results will generalize beyond the context of training. Results have been mixed in the existing literature that has evaluated the potential benefits of cognitive training on cognitive and emotional functioning in cognitively intact older adults. This study investigated the effectiveness of a cognitive training program for older adults with no to very minimal cognitive decline. Nine …

Computational Thinking Equity In Elementary Classrooms: What Third-Grade Students Know And Can Do, Yune Tran

Faculty Publications - College of Education

The Computer Science Teachers Association has asserted that computational thinking equips students with essential critical thinking which allows them to conceptualize, analyze, and solve more complex problems. These skills are applicable to all content area as students learn to use strategies, ideas, and technological practices more effectively as digital natives. This research examined over 200 elementary students’ pre- and posttest changes in computational thinking from a 10-week coding program using adapted lessons from code.org’s Blockly programming language and CSUnplugged that were delivered as part of the regular school day. Participants benefited from early access to computer science (CS) lessons with …

Tribal Strengths And American Indian Students (Chapter Three Of Tribal Strengths And Native Education), Terry Huffman

Faculty Publications - College of Education

Excerpt: "It takes no small amount of courage to teach middle school students. Tammy has the necessary courage and a lot more too. On one of my visits to her class, I wanted to know what her students believe it means to be American Indian. So I asked. When you ask a group of middle school kids a question, it is hard to tell what answers you might get in return. In this case most of the responses revealed just how important the question was for this class of young Native students. They generally appeared to deeply consider what to …

Energetic Consequences For A Northern, Range-Edge Lizard Population, Sean D. Powers, Matthew R. Mcternan, Donald R. Powers, Roger A. Anderson

Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science

Lizards at the northern, cool edge of their geographic range in the northern hemisphere should encounter environmental conditions that differ from those living near the core of their range. To better understand how modest climate differences affect lizard energetics, we compared daily feeding and metabolism rates of individual Sceloporus occidentalis in two populations during mid-summer. Chuckanut Beach (CB) was a cool, maritime climate in northern Washington State, and Sondino Ranch (SR) was a warmer, drier climate in southern, inland Washington. We found no difference between populations in daily energy expenditure (DEE), as calculated from doubly labeled water estimates. The CB …

Integrating Morphology And Kinematics In The Scaling Of Hummingbird Hovering Metabolic Rate And Efficiency, Derrick J. E. Groom, M. Cecilia B. Toledo, Donald R. Powers, Bret W. Tobalske, Kenneth C. Welch Jr.

Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science

Wing kinematics and morphology are influential upon the aerodynamics of flight. However, there is a lack of studies linking these variables to metabolic costs, particularly in the context of morphological adaptation to body size. Furthermore, the conversion efficiency from chemical energy into movement by the muscles (mechanochemical efficiency) scales with mass in terrestrial quadrupeds, but this scaling relationship has not been demonstrated within flying vertebrates. Positive scaling of efficiency with body size may reduce the metabolic costs of flight for relatively larger species. Here, we assembled a dataset of morphological, kinematic, and metabolic data on hovering hummingbirds to explore the …

Drosophila Exo70 Is Essential For Neurite Extension And Survival Under Thermal Stress, Alex Chun Koon, Zhefan Stephan Chen, Shaohong Peng, Joyce Man See Fung, Xiaoman Zhang, Kayly M. Lembke, Hoi Kin Chow, C. Andrew Frank, Liwen Jiang, Kwok-Fai Lau, Ho Yin Edwin Chan

Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science

The octomeric exocyst complex governs the final step of exocytosis in both plants and animals. Its roles, however, extend beyond exocytosis and include organelle biogenesis, ciliogenesis, cell migration, and cell growth. Exo70 is a conserved component of the exocyst whose function in Drosophila is unclear. In this study, we characterized two mutant alleles of Drosophila exo70. exo70 mutants exhibit reduced synaptic growth, locomotor activity, glutamate receptor density, and mEPSP amplitude. We found that presynaptic Exo70 is necessary for normal synaptic growth at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). At the neuromuscular junction, exo70 genetically interacts with the small GTPase ralA to regulate …

Chicken Minds And Moral Standing, Kristin Andrews

Animal Sentience

Some of the cognitive traits that Marino reviews are not in themselves relevant to ethics, either for chickens or human infants, but affective traits are, among them desires.

Celebrating Writing In Our Communities: An Anthology Of The Winning Entries Of The Redwood Writing Contest 2018

Celebrating Writers and Writing in our Communities

No abstract provided.

Ignition Tradition? A Case Study Of The Florida State University Athletics Department’S 2014 Logo Redesign, David P. Hedlund, Brian S. Gordon, Masayuki Yoshida, Joseph St. Germain, Marlon Mcphatter

Journal of Applied Sport Management

Brand marks are important representations of organizations. Over time, due to a variety of reasons, brand marks may cease to be effective representations and require redesign. In recent years, a number of sport organizations have undertaken efforts to design new or update existing brand marks. In this research, a detailed examination of the opinions and intentions of fans, stakeholders, and the public regarding the Florida State University (FSU) Athletic Department’s redesign of FSU’s primary logo is described, assessed, and discussed. Subscribe to JASM

Restoring Cholesterol Homeostasis In Familial Hypercholesterolemia Cell Line Model, Lubna Hindi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant disorder that results in elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). This increase in serum cholesterol level has been shown to result in premature coronary artery disease (CAD) with devastating symptoms from a young age. Today, the prevalence of heterozygous FH (HeFH) and homozygous FH (HoFH) is estimated to be 1 in 320 and 1 in 160,000 people, respectively. FH is referred to as an underdiagnosed disease due to the large number of mutations that continues to grow. These mutations often exist in one of or a combination of three genes: low-density lipoprotein …

Synthetic Snake Venom: The Novel Creation Of Crotalid Phospholipase A2 Using Genetic Engineering, Taylor Anderson, Emily Jesgarz, Richard Klein, Andrew Merkley, Alaric Siddoway

Biological Engineering

Antivenin is listed as one of the World Health Organization’s Essential Medicines¹, and as such, it is integral to a modern health care system. Antivenin is currently developed through a process of milking venomous animals, in this case, snakes, concentrating the venom, inoculating animals, and isolating antibodies found in their plasma. The aim of this project is to genetically engineer an organism to overexpress common proteins found in snake venom, thereby lowering the cost of antivenin.

What Happens After You Are Shocked? An Investigation Of Emotional Response, Brand Attitude, Attitude Toward Ad And Purchase Intention Of Shock Advertising In Chinese Consumers, Shuo Yan, Sindy Chapa

AMTP Proceedings 2018

The goal of this paper is to validate the emotion toward the ad scale among Chinese consumers as well as test several well-accepted hypotheses in advertising literature in shock advertising setting. The results of our study suggested that emotion was correlated with attitude toward ad (Aad), the casual relationship between Aad and Attitude toward brand (Ab), and the correlation between Ab and purchase intention (PI). A validated emotion scale was also proposed to measure emotions after viewing ads in Chinese consumers. A 17-item feelings toward ads (emotion) scale was finalized by using EFA. Suggestions for future research were discussed.

Money, Marketing, And Missions: Ethics And The Structure Of Not-For-Profits, Karen Barbee, Stephen Lemay

AMTP Proceedings 2018

This article explores the relationship between the structure of not-for-profit organizations and the ethical issues, moral hazards, and public perceptions they are likely to face. It offers a preliminary taxonomy of organizations based on their structures and relates key ethical issues to each of those categories. It also ties these issues to the role that marketing plays in both creating and dealing with ethical issues.

Effects Of Cinnamic Acid On Complications Of Diabetes, Hati̇ce Gül Anlar, Merve Bacanli, Tuğbagül Çal, Sevtap Aydin, Nuray Ari, Ülkü Ündeğer Bucurgat, Ari̇f Ahmet Başaran, Ayşe Nurşen Başaran

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major health problem worldwide. Cinnamic acid (CA) and its derivatives are synthesized in plants and increasing attention has been given to them in recent years due to the high number of beneficial health properties attributed to their consumption. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of CA on streptozotocin-induced diabetes in Wistar albino rats. Materials and methods: DNA damage was evaluated in the blood, liver, and kidney cells of rats by the alkaline comet assay. Oxidative stress parameters such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase activities and …

In Vivo Attenuation Of Angiogenesis In Hepatocellular Carcinoma By Nigella Sativa, Moustafa Fathy, Toshio Nikaido

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Angiogenesis is imperative in malignant tumor growth. Hepatocellular carcinoma is a typical hypervascular tumor that relies on angiogenesis. The aim of this study is to investigate the in vivo molecular mechanism underlying the antitumor properties of Nigella sativa ethanolic extract (NSEE) through its antiangiogenic effect against diethyl nitrosamine (DENA)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Materials and methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: normal, NSEE, DENA, and NSEE-DENA groups. Final body weight, hepatosomatic indices, serum AFP, serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels, and liver tissue hepatocyte growth factor ß (HGFß) protein expression were estimated. Liver sections were stained for histological …

The Role Of Apoptosis And The Effect Of Epidermal Growth Factor On Proapoptotic Bnip 3 In An Experimental Rat Priapism Model, Osman Barut, Ahmet Karakeçi̇, Tunç Ozan, Fati̇h Firdolaş, Neci̇p Pi̇ri̇nççi̇, İrfan Orhan

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: This study aimed to investigate the effects of apoptosis-inducing Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa-interacting protein 3 (BNIP 3) and antiapoptotic epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the pathophysiology of experimental low-flow priapism. Materials and methods: Twenty-four adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four equal groups. Group I was the control group. Ischemic priapism was induced for 4 h in Group II rats. In Group III, intraperitoneal EGF at 10 µg/kg was given for 7 days before induction of ischemic priapism for 4 h. In Group IV, intraperitoneal EGF at 20 µg/kg was given for 7 days before induction of ischemic priapism …

A Simplified Cell Culture Model For Research On Intestinal Inflammation, Ayşe Erol, Si̇bel Ti̇ryaki̇, Mustafa Orkan Ergün

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: e aim of this study was to combine some easy and economical de ned methods and constitute a comprehensive cell culture model to use in the bowel diseases characterized by in ammation. Materials and methods: Induction of inflammation was performed using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or a cytokine mixture (TNF-?: 10 ng/mL; IFN-?: 100 ng/mL; IL-1ß: 1 ng/mL). IEC-6 cells were grown to con uence and serum-starved, wounds were constituted, and progress of cell migration into the wounds was photographed at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 h in the presence or absence of an in ammatory environment. …

Se33 Locus As A Reliable Genetic Marker For Forensic Dna Analysis Systems, Dr Munir Ahmad Bhinder, Muhammad Yasir Zahoor, Haleema Sadia, Muhammad Qasim, Rukhsana Perveen, Ghulam Murtaza Anjum, Muhammad Iqbal, Najeeb Ullah, Waseem Shehzad, Muhammad Tariq, Ali Muhammad Waryah

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Genetic variation, an authentic tool of individual discrimination, is being used for forensic investigations worldwide. A missing result for even one out of 13-17 markers leads to an inconclusive report. Additional reliable markers are required to compensate such deficiencies. The SE33 locus has high genetic variability in different populations and is being used in forensic investigation systems in some countries. The purpose of the study was to assess the viability of use of the SE33 locus as a supportive marker for forensic DNA profiling. Materials and methods: Amplification of the SE33 locus was performed using the PowerPlex ES Monoplex …

Effect Of Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibition On Joint And Muscle Damage In Rats Withadjuvant Arthritis, Fai̇ze Eli̇f Bahadir, Mustafa Kutay Köroğlu, Meral Yüksel, Feri̇ha Ercan, Yaşar İnci̇ Ali̇can

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: This study was designed to examine the effect of tadalafil, a phosphodiesterase (PDE)5 inhibitor, on the severity of joint and muscle damage in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA). Materials and methods: AA was induced by intradermal inoculation into right hind paw of male Sprague Dawley rats (300-450g) with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA; 0.1 mL). AA rats were treated with either tadalafil (10 mg/kg; per oral) alone or along with the soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ; 10 mg/kg; intraperitoneally). After decapitation on day 16, trunk blood was collected for total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assays. …

Effect Of Cineole, Alpha-Pinene, And Camphor On Survivability Of Skin Flaps, Bi̇lsev İnce, Mehmet Dadaci, İbrahi̇m Kilinç, Pembe Oltulu, Serhat Yarar, Mehmet Uyar

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: The aim of this study was to determine the specific component of Rosmarinus officinalis (RO) responsible for increased flap survival and how RO displays its efficacy. Materials and methods: Rectangular random-pattern flaps were elevated from the back of each rat. Group I was the control group. In group II 0.1 mL of cineole, in group III 0.1 mL of alpha-pinene, in group IV 0.1 mL of camphor, in group V 0.1 mL each of alpha-pinene and cineole, in group VI 0.1 mL each of alpha-pinene and camphor, in group VII 0.1 mL each of cineole and camphor, and in …

The Effect Of Low Molecular Weight Heparin On Salvaging The Zone Of Stasis In Anexperimental Burn Model, Muhammet Uraloğlu, Murat Li̇vaoğlu, Özgür Agdoğan, Şafak Ersöz, Ümi̇t Naci̇ Karaçal

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Multiple zones of injuries are formed after burns, consisting of a zone of coagulative necrosis, a zone of hyperemia, and a zone of stasis, in which progressive microcirculatory thrombosis leads to degeneration and deepening of the wound. We used an experimental rat comb burn model to test the hypothesis that use of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) may save the zone of stasis. Materials and methods: Adult female rats were randomly divided two groups: the LMWH group (n = 8) rats received subcutaneous LMWH injections, while the saline group (n = 8) rats were injected with the same volume …

Investigation Of Phikz Phage Therapy Against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa In Mousepneumonia Model, Kübra Can, Uğur Aksu, Osman Şadi̇ Yenen

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of PhiKZ phage therapy and meropenem alone or combined treatments in a pneumonia mouse model induced by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 strain. The cross-talk between lungs and kidneys was also determined. Materials and methods: The systemic, lung-specific, and kidney-specific inflammation levels and the bacterial load in lung tissue and biochemical parameters were investigated after PhiKZ phage therapy and meropenem alone or combined treatments in a pneumonia mouse model induced by the P. aeruginosa PAO1 strain. The cross-talk between lungs and kidneys was also determined by measuring plasma levels of …