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2017

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Fluoride Encapsulation In Calcium Matrix, Piyada Dissara Jan 2017

Fluoride Encapsulation In Calcium Matrix, Piyada Dissara

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Fluoride ion (F-) is an important ingredient in a toothpaste. It protects caries by reacting with hydroxyapatite [Ca10(PO)4(OH)2] in tooth enamel to form insoluble fluorapatite [Ca10(PO)4(F)2]. Unfortunately, F- also easily interacts with calcium species in a toothpaste, and then it is deactivated. In this work, we focus on the encapsulation of F- in a shellac bead by using a simple extrusion method. To construct shellac beads, an aqueous solution of F- is injected into an ethanolic solution of shellac. The shellac beads are formed due to insolubility of shellac in water. Then, the beads are transferred into DI water for …

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Halophilic Bacteria From Salty Fermented Foods And Its Bacteriocin Encoding Gene Expression To Use As Biocontrol Agent Against Staphylococcus Aureus In Salt Added Foods, Vishal Chhetri Jan 2017

Halophilic Bacteria From Salty Fermented Foods And Its Bacteriocin Encoding Gene Expression To Use As Biocontrol Agent Against Staphylococcus Aureus In Salt Added Foods, Vishal Chhetri

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This research was aimed to isolate, select and apply bacteriocin producing halophilic bacteria from salty fermented foods, Plara (Thai traditional salty fermented fish) and soya sauce as bio-control agent in foods. The isolates having inhibitory activity against different strains of Staphylococcus aureus were selected, identified and characterized prior to application as protective starter in food models. Bacterial communities of Plara and soya sauce samples were studied by two methods, a cultural dependent and cultural independent method (Reverse Transcriptase PCR DGGE (Rev-T PCR-DGGE)), and subsequently sequenced by 16s rDNA analysis. Halanaerobium spp. in Plara and Staphylococcus gallinarum in soya sauce were …

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Technical Efficiency Of Public District Hospitals In Vietnam, Thi Binh Lam Jan 2017

Technical Efficiency Of Public District Hospitals In Vietnam, Thi Binh Lam

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The objectives of this study aimed to evaluate the Technical Efficiency of public district hospitals in Vietnam and to determine factors affecting the hospitals' efficiency. Input-Oriented Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model was applied to estimate the technical efficiency scores among 52 public district hospitals in 6 provinces of Vietnam in 2014. Then, Tobit regression model was employed to explore the determinant factors. Results of the DEA indicated that there were considerable variations of efficiency scores in terms of return to scale assumptions. The average variable return to scale technical efficiency (VRSTE) and constant return to scale technical efficiency (CRSTE) were …

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Factors Affecting Health Seeking Behavior Of People In Ejin Horo County, China, Yuan Yuan Jan 2017

Factors Affecting Health Seeking Behavior Of People In Ejin Horo County, China, Yuan Yuan

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This study aims to explore health seeking behavior in Ejin Horo county, China, specifically it tries to assess how socioeconomic-demographic factors and health literacy affect the decision to use formal outpatient care and conditioning on use the choice among the three-tiered health care facilities visited by people in Ejin Horo county, China during the period of 2016. Our attention is placed on the demand side because Ejin Horo county is the most powerful county in Inner Mongolia and the supply of health services in this county is quite comprehensive. In essence, the study on health seeking behavior will be able …

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Antimicrobial Effect Of High Dose Ascorbate In Mouse Model With Bacterial Infection, Chulamartd Wirapakorn Jan 2017

Antimicrobial Effect Of High Dose Ascorbate In Mouse Model With Bacterial Infection, Chulamartd Wirapakorn

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Ascorbate or Vitamin C is a vitamin that is important to the body. It contributes to the immunity, involves the collagen formation, acts as an antioxidant and has the ability to destroy cancer cells and bacteria. These abilities depend on the concentration of ascorbate. Bactericidal properties of ascorbate were interesting, especially in the high concentrations. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Escherichia coli are a common etiologies of nosocomial infection in Thailand and worldwide. These bacteria have developed mechanisms of antibiotics resistance and cause more violence in the disease. Hence, the time-killing assay was used to explore the bactericidal …

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Immune Response In Pythiosis Patients Treated With Pythium Insidiosum Antigen (Pia), Navaporn Worasilchai Jan 2017

Immune Response In Pythiosis Patients Treated With Pythium Insidiosum Antigen (Pia), Navaporn Worasilchai

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Immunotherapy using Pythium insidiosum antigen (PIA) is one of the combination treatment for P. insidiosum infected patients along with amputation and certain antifungal agents. The protocol of first prime (day0) after diagnosis and six booster doses (at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 3, 6, 12 months; mo.) along a year period were performed based on previous study. The switching of T-helper2 (Th2) to Th1 after immunotherapy along with the clinical improvement in equine and rabbit models were revealed whereas studies in human are very limited. To investigate the immune response in PIA treated pythiosis patients, cytokine profile (CMI response), P. insidiosum specific …

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Molecular Epidemiology Of Human Enterovirus In Various Clinical Specimens With Suspected Enterovirus Infection, Jira Chansaenroj Jan 2017

Molecular Epidemiology Of Human Enterovirus In Various Clinical Specimens With Suspected Enterovirus Infection, Jira Chansaenroj

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Many infectious diseases have been well recognized caused by several genotypes of human enterovirus species which significantly in public health. Publications worldwide have reported on the emerging and re-emerging of enteroviruses. Until now, epidemiological surveillance data, clinical complication and evolutionary history regarding these viruses in actual on the Asia continent are still limited. To address these concerns, this study aimed to establish comprehensive population-based surveillances, and provided evidence for the evolution in many diseases such as acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis, herpangina, hand foot mouth disease, acute gastroenteritis, poliovirus and meningitis caused by enteroviruses. Employing reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and sequencing approaches …

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Differential Dendritic Cell Responses To Candida Species, Thu Nguyen Ngoc Jan 2017

Differential Dendritic Cell Responses To Candida Species, Thu Nguyen Ngoc

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Mannan in the outermost layer of Candida cell wall may be the first molecules that interact with host dendritic cells (DCs) and activate immune responses that determine disease outcomes. However, little is known how different mannan structures of common Candida species affect DC activation and T cell responses. Thus, this work compared the effects of mannans of Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis and Candida dubliniensis on bone marrow-derived DC (BMDC) responses in mice. C. albicans and C. tropicalis mannan could not activate DC maturation, however, they induced IFN-gamma production which consequently provoked Th1 responses. C. …

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Bioactive Compounds From Dendrobium Infundibulum, Salinee Na Ranong Jan 2017

Bioactive Compounds From Dendrobium Infundibulum, Salinee Na Ranong

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Phytochemical study of the methanol extract from Dendrobium infundibulum (Orchidaceae) led to isolation of nine pure compounds including two new compounds (dendroinfundin A and dendroinfundin B) and seven known compounds (ephemeranthol A, moscatilin, aloifol I, batatasin III, 3,3'-dihydroxy-4,5-dimethoxybibenzyl, 3,4'-dihydroxy-3',4,5-trimethoxybibenzyl and dendrosinen B). Their structures were determined from their spectroscopic data. All compounds were then examined for their lipase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Dendrosinen B (IC50 = 295.0±37.9 µM) showed moderate inhibitory activity against lipase when compared with orlistat (IC50 = 31.4±0.6 nM). Strong anti alpha-glucosidase agents were batatasin III (IC50 = 148.8±8.4 µM) and dendrosinen B (IC50 = 213.9±2.4 µM), …

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Associated Factors Of Hepatitis C Infection In Pregnantwomen At Outpatient Department Of Peoples Medical University And Hospital District Shaeed Benazir Abadsindh Province Pakistan, Akhlaque Hussain Jan 2017

Associated Factors Of Hepatitis C Infection In Pregnantwomen At Outpatient Department Of Peoples Medical University And Hospital District Shaeed Benazir Abadsindh Province Pakistan, Akhlaque Hussain

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Purpose: The prevalence of hepatitis C is 3% of the world population with more the 3 million new cases are being reported, In Pakistan, the prevalence of hepatitis C virus Infection ranges from 8%-15% in the general population. In Pakistan about 13 million people are infected. Prevalence of hepatitis C in pregnancy has been studied across Pakistan and is reported with the range of 3.27%-8.9%. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted between may to June 2018. in people's medical university at outpatient Department of gynaecology and obstetrics in district shaheed Benazir abad Sindh Pakistan. All pregnant Patient age …

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Knowledge, Attitude And Cultural Factors Towards Utilization Of Insecticide Treated Nets (Itns) Among Rakhine Ethnic Group In Ann Township, Rakhine State, Myanmar, Aung Phyo Oo Jan 2017

Knowledge, Attitude And Cultural Factors Towards Utilization Of Insecticide Treated Nets (Itns) Among Rakhine Ethnic Group In Ann Township, Rakhine State, Myanmar, Aung Phyo Oo

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This study is to find associations between general characteristic, knowledge, attitudes and cultural factors on malaria prevention toward utilization of insecticidal nets (ITNs) among Rakhine ethnic groups, in Ann Township, Rakhine State, Myanmar. An analytic cross sectional study was conducted among 420 Rakhine ethnic groups aged more than 18 years old from 10 villages in Ann Township. Data were collected by using face-to-face interview. The study found only 3.6% of respondents had good knowledge level, 19.0% good attitude level and 38.8% good practice level towards utilization of ITNs. Female participants were 8.015 times had good practice level than male (p-value <0.001, AOR 8.015, 95% CI = 3.395-18.923). High school level participants likely to use ITNs for 14.518 times than lower education level (p-vale <0.001, AOR 14.518, 95% CI = 4.642-45.408). Married participants were 13.753 times done good practice (p-vale <0.001, AOR 13.753, 95% CI = 4.371-43.267) and widowed participants were 5.403 times done good practice than singles (p-vale 0.039, AOR 5.403, 95% CI = 1.085-26.909). Regarding the cultural factors, participants who always worked from dawn to night time were 2.203 times had good practice level than who never work at that time (p-vale 0.032, AOR 2.203, 95% CI = 1.070-4.536). Regarding knowledge level of the participants, moderate and good knowledge level were 5.125 times had good practice level than lower knowledge level participants (p-vale <0.001, AOR 5.125, 95% CI = 1.062-6.429). Health education and encouragement of people should be done to improve knowledge and utilization to use insecticide treated nets.

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Knowledge Attitude And Practice Towards Hiv/Aids Prevention Among Myanmar Female Sex Workers In Mae Sot District, Tak Province, Thailand, Napapan Derkinderen Jan 2017

Knowledge Attitude And Practice Towards Hiv/Aids Prevention Among Myanmar Female Sex Workers In Mae Sot District, Tak Province, Thailand, Napapan Derkinderen

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The study was carried out by using quantitative research method. The information of 120 Myanmar female sex workers (MFSW) from various prostitution businesses in different areas in Mae Sot district was collected during 20-31 October 2016 by face-to-face interview using structured questionnaires. This study aimed to describe the characteristics, to assess the level of knowledge, attitude and practices on HIV/AIDS prevention and to examine the association between these independent variables with the HIV/AIDS preventive practice of MFSW. The data showed 52.5% of MFSW aged between 18 to 24 years old, 21.7% were from Karen State, 90% were Buddhist, 56.7% were …

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Effectiveness Of A Personally-Tailored Oral Care Program On Improving Periodontal Status Among Thai Persons With Physical Disabilities In Pathum Thani Province, Thailand, Nithimar Sermsuti-Anuwat Jan 2017

Effectiveness Of A Personally-Tailored Oral Care Program On Improving Periodontal Status Among Thai Persons With Physical Disabilities In Pathum Thani Province, Thailand, Nithimar Sermsuti-Anuwat

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate the Personally-Tailored Oral Care Program on improving periodontal status among Thai persons with physical disabilities. This quasi-experimental study was conducted at Independent Living Center, a community club for persons with disabilities in Pathum Thani province, Thailand from February to May 2018. Total of 80 members who registered in Ladlumkaeo district (control) and Thanyaburi district (intervention), Pathum Thani Province were included (each group comprising 40 participants). Data were analyzed by using Chi-square test, t-test and repeated measures analysis of variance. The results, there were strongly significant difference in bleeding on probing …

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Prevalence Of Healthy Aging And Factors Associated In Thai Urban Elderly Bangkok Thailand, Onsiri Pitisuttithum Jan 2017

Prevalence Of Healthy Aging And Factors Associated In Thai Urban Elderly Bangkok Thailand, Onsiri Pitisuttithum

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Population aging is a global phenomenon affecting many countries including Thailand. Many challenges come with aging population such as economical, social and healthcare system challenges, and healthy aging is the key to these problems. Only a few studies have focused on the prevalence and associated factors of healthy aging in Thailand. This study aims to estimate prevalence of healthy aging and identify factors related to healthy aging among Thai urban elderly in Bangkok, Thailand. Data for this cross-sectional study were collected by face-to-face interviews using questionnaires at Lumpini park, Bangkok between April to May 2018. A total of 200 older …

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Knowledge, Attitude And Practice Of Self-Medication With Antibiotics Among General Public In Kathmandu Valley, Nepal: A Cross-Sectional Survey, Parishan Shrestha Jan 2017

Knowledge, Attitude And Practice Of Self-Medication With Antibiotics Among General Public In Kathmandu Valley, Nepal: A Cross-Sectional Survey, Parishan Shrestha

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Background: The inappropriate use of antibiotics has led to development and spread of bacterial resistance globally resulting in thousands of deaths every year. In Nepal, the prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics is higher. This study is designed to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice of self-medication with antibiotics among the general public. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional survey conducted during the month of May, 2018 among 437 general public of Ward number 16 of Kathmandu Metropolitan using standardized questionnaire which has been validated and reliability tested. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the general characteristics (socio-demographic, socio-economic and distance …

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The Effectiveness Of A Diabetes Mellitus Pictorial Diary Handbook Program For Middle Aged And Elderly Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Quasi Experimental Study At Health Promoting Hospitals Taladnoi Saraburi Province Thailand, Rapat Eknithiset Jan 2017

The Effectiveness Of A Diabetes Mellitus Pictorial Diary Handbook Program For Middle Aged And Elderly Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Quasi Experimental Study At Health Promoting Hospitals Taladnoi Saraburi Province Thailand, Rapat Eknithiset

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The Pictorial Diary Handbook Program is a nonpharmacological treatment, designed for diabetes mellitus type 2 aged 50-70-year-old in Taladnoi, Horathep, and Khokyai Primary Care Unit which was based on Protection Motivation Theory. The general objective of this quasi-experimental study was to develop the Pictorial Diary Handbook Program for diabetes mellitus type 2 aged 50-70-year-old in Saraburi, Thailand. The specific objectives of this research were to 1) To compare the Biomarkers (Hba1c, FBS, BMI) between diabetes mellitus type II patients in the intervention group and the control group 2) To compare knowledge, perceived, and practice regarding self-care behavior on diet control, …

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Migration And Malaria Infection In Myanmar-Thailand Border Area Of Tanintharyi Region, Myanmar: A Case-Control Study, Soe Lin Thu Jan 2017

Migration And Malaria Infection In Myanmar-Thailand Border Area Of Tanintharyi Region, Myanmar: A Case-Control Study, Soe Lin Thu

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Nowadays, malaria did not exist as a forest-dependent disease and mainly impacted by migration, mostly to border areas. Migrant workers are distributor of Plasmodium species and their patterns of migration affected on malaria transmission. The study aimed to identify migration pattern of border migrant people and the factors associated with malaria infection in Myanmar-Thailand border area especially in Tanintharyi region, Myanmar. An unmatched case-control was conducted among 320 migrant people living in Dawei, Thayetchaung and Palaw Townships, 160 cases and 160 controls. Cases and controls were confirmed by rapid diagnostic test and data collection was done by using structure questionnaires …

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Factors Influencing The Utilization Of Intermittentpreventive Treatment For Malaria Control During Pregnancy Among Mothers Of Under One Children In Rural Lilongwe, Malawi, Taonga Mafuleka Jan 2017

Factors Influencing The Utilization Of Intermittentpreventive Treatment For Malaria Control During Pregnancy Among Mothers Of Under One Children In Rural Lilongwe, Malawi, Taonga Mafuleka

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Routine administration of Sulphadoxine Pyrimethamine (SP) to pregnant women for intermittent preventive treatment (IPTp) of malaria during pregnancy leads to improved maternal health and pregnancy outcomes. This study explores determinants for IPTp-SP utilization among mothers of under-one children in rural Lilongwe, Malawi. Using multi-stage sampling method, this cross sectional study recruited 355 mothers of children under the age of one year from six health facilities. Respondents were aged 18-49 years and were interviewed using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Bivariate analysis using Chi-Square and multivariate analysis (binary logistic regression) were performed. Overall, 84.0% of the mothers attended at least three antenatal care …

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Patterns Of Heroin Use And Risk Behaviors Among Prisoners In Colombo,Sri Lanka, Theruwani Narmada Dissanayake Jan 2017

Patterns Of Heroin Use And Risk Behaviors Among Prisoners In Colombo,Sri Lanka, Theruwani Narmada Dissanayake

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Heroin is a highly addictive drug which affect a number of problems for users as well as society. However, there were no any recent data regarding heroin users among prisoner in Sri Lanka. This study aimed to identify the patterns of heroin use, risk behaviors and level of addiction among male prisoners in Sri Lanka. A face to face interview questionnaire was administrated purposively sampling among 334 heroin users aged 18 years and above. The average of age was 37.8 ± 6.1 while average age of heroin first used was 30.8 ± 4.2. Drug use was largely introduced from friends …

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Knowledge, Attitude And Practice Of Preventive Behaviour Towards Hypertension Among Myanmar Migrants In Samutsakhon Province, Thailand, Thet Su San Jan 2017

Knowledge, Attitude And Practice Of Preventive Behaviour Towards Hypertension Among Myanmar Migrants In Samutsakhon Province, Thailand, Thet Su San

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

A cross sectional study was done in MaharChai Subdistrict, Samut Sakhon, Thailand in April and May 2018. The main purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of preventive behaviour regarding hypertension among Myanmar migrants living in the Samutsakhon province. The study was done on 422 participants(219 male and 203 female ).Face to face interview was carried out using structured interviewer administered questionnaire. The ethical approval was given on 17th April, 2018 with protocol no.070.1/61. Questionnaire consists of socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude and practice of preventive behaviour regarding hypertension. Frequency distribution, chi-square and Fisher-exact tests were …

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Serological Status Of Pcv2-Infected Swine Herds, Cherdpong Phupolphan Jan 2017

Serological Status Of Pcv2-Infected Swine Herds, Cherdpong Phupolphan

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This study aimed to determine the dynamics of serological and virological profiles against Porcine Circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection in Thai swine herds using the in-house indirect ELISA and real-time PCR techniques. A total of 10 swine herds in Thailand were divided into two groups according to their clinical history. Group A (n=5) had clinical signs of PCV2, and was routinely vaccinated by PCV2 vaccines with production loss more than 5%. Group B (n=5) had no clinical signs of PCV2 with production loss less than 5%. Group B consisted of two subgroups: PCV2-vaccinated herds (B-Vac, n=2) and non-vaccinated herds (B-non-Vac, …

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Development Of Multiplex Rt-Pcr And Metagenomic Analyses Of Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex Associated Viruses In Dogs, Chutchai Piewbang Jan 2017

Development Of Multiplex Rt-Pcr And Metagenomic Analyses Of Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex Associated Viruses In Dogs, Chutchai Piewbang

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Canine infectious respiratory disease complex (CIRDC) viruses have been detected in dogs with respiratory illness. The CIRDC is associated with multiple factors depending on host susceptibility, environment and pathogens. Canine influenza virus (CIV), canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV), canine distemper virus (CDV), canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV), canine adenovirus type 2 (CAdV-2) and canine herpesvirus 1 (CaHV-1), are all associated with the CIRDC. Environmental factors serve as the one key point for infection. The transmission route can be via community-acquired infection (CAI) or hospital-associated infection (HAI), but the variable factors within these two routes are not well described. Moreover, novel pathogens that …

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Monitoring Of Antibiogram And Resistance Gene Profiles Among Escherichia Coli In Pig Production System, Kittitat Lugsomya Jan 2017

Monitoring Of Antibiogram And Resistance Gene Profiles Among Escherichia Coli In Pig Production System, Kittitat Lugsomya

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria in pig farms have been believed as an important source in food chain with public health concern. While some studies suggested transmission of AMR from pigs to humans may occur, but there was still needing to combine high resolution genomic data analysis with systematically collected epidemiological evidence to reconstruct patterns of AMR transmission between pigs and humans. The objectives of this study were to determine the occurrence and characterization the AMR phenotypes against 18 antimicrobials in pig producing system in both cross-sectional from fattening and longitudinal studies from newborn to slaughtering pigs and to evaluate …

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Identification Of Porcine Circovirus Type 3 (Pcv3) In Thailand And Its Associated Syndrome, Roongtham Kedkovid Jan 2017

Identification Of Porcine Circovirus Type 3 (Pcv3) In Thailand And Its Associated Syndrome, Roongtham Kedkovid

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) is a recently identified swine virus with currently unknown pathogenesis. To date, PCV3 has been found in many countries, indicating the wide spread of the virus. Therefore, there is an urgent need to clarify the detrimental role of PCV3. To better understand how PCV3 might influence the pig industry, various perspectives in swine production cycle should be considered. In this study, firstly, PCV3 was identified for the first time in Thailand. The study also showed that PCV3 has existed in the Thai pig population as early as 2005, suggesting that the virus might have long …

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Oral Fluid Samples Used For Prrs Diagnosis And Management, Yonlayong Woonwong Jan 2017

Oral Fluid Samples Used For Prrs Diagnosis And Management, Yonlayong Woonwong

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is an economically significant swine disease having a negative impact to the swine industry worldwide. Appropriate management strategies and diagnostic tests are crucial to successfully control PRRS virus (PRRSV). However, the application for oral fluid-based diagnosis has not been evaluated in the Thai farms previously. In this study, pre-extraction methods of oral fluids were evaluated to improve the PCR product yielded. Moreover, the oral fluids utilization for PRRSV monitoring during the gilt acclimatization and farrowing to nursery period was investigated. The results demonstrated that increasing sample volume might be a suitable simple method for …

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Computed Tomography Appearance Of Intra-Thoracic Lymph Nodes In Normal Cats, Ninlawan Thammasiri Jan 2017

Computed Tomography Appearance Of Intra-Thoracic Lymph Nodes In Normal Cats, Ninlawan Thammasiri

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The study of the appearance of intra-thoracic lymph nodes in the cat observed on the computed tomography which divided into 3 parts as following; the feline soft cadaver, clinically normal cats and the retrospective study of the feline patients. The result showed that the computed tomographic images of feline soft tissue cadavers could not detected any intra-thoracic lymph nodes. However, based on the study on 30 clinically normal cats which were mixed breed, age ranging from 4 months to 11 years old, body weight between 1.5 to 5.7 kilogram, 12 male cats (6 castrated) and 18 female cats (10 spayed) …

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การศึกษาการเปลี่ยนแปลงการทำงานของท่อไตส่วนต้น หลังจากหยุดยาต้านไวรัสทีโนโฟร์เวียร์ตั้งแต่ระยะแรกในผู้ป่วยติดเชื้อเอชไอวีที่มีปัญหาการทำงานของไตที่ผิดปกติจากยาต้านไวรัสทีโนโฟร์เวียร์, ภฤศภัค พยุง Jan 2017

การศึกษาการเปลี่ยนแปลงการทำงานของท่อไตส่วนต้น หลังจากหยุดยาต้านไวรัสทีโนโฟร์เวียร์ตั้งแต่ระยะแรกในผู้ป่วยติดเชื้อเอชไอวีที่มีปัญหาการทำงานของไตที่ผิดปกติจากยาต้านไวรัสทีโนโฟร์เวียร์, ภฤศภัค พยุง

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

ที่มา: ยาต้านไวรัสทีโนโฟร์เวียร์เป็นยาที่มีประสิทธิภาพและเป็นหนึ่งในยาต้านไวรัสสูตรแรกที่แนะนำให้ใช้รักษาการติดเชื้อไวรัสเอชไอวีในประเทศไทย โดยมีผลข้างเคียงที่สำคัญ ได้แก่ การทำงานของท่อไตส่วนต้นที่ผิดปกติและภาวะไตวาย วัตถุประสงค์: เพื่อศึกษาการกลับมาเป็นปกติของท่อไตส่วนต้นหลังจากเกิดปัญหาการทำงานของไตที่ผิดปกติจากยาต้านไวรัสทีโนโฟร์เวียร์ เปรียบเทียบระหว่างการหยุดยาต้านไวรัสทีโนโฟร์เวียร์เร็ว กับกลุ่มที่ได้รับการรักษาตามมาตรฐาน วิธีการศึกษา: ทำการศึกษาในผู้ป่วยติดเชื้อเอชไอวีในโรงพยาบาลจุฬาลงกรณ์ ช่วงเวลา 1 กันยายน พ.ศ. 2560 ถึง 31 มีนาคม พ.ศ. 2561 ที่ได้รับยาต้านไวรัสทีโนโฟร์เวียร์ แล้วเกิดปัญหาการทำงานของไตที่ผิดปกติจากยาต้านไวรัสทีโนโฟร์เวียร์ โดยแบ่งเป็น 2 กลุ่ม ได้แก่ กลุ่มเปลี่ยนยาไว (early discontinuation) คือ ผู้ป่วยที่มีค่าการทำงานของไตลดลงโดยไม่มาเหตุอื่นอธิบาย 10 – 25% หรือมีภาวะ proximal renal tubular dysfunction มากกว่าเท่ากับสองอย่าง ประกอบด้วย phosphaturia, non-diabetic glycosuria, hyperuricosuria, proteinuria และ/หรือ beta-2 microglubulin ในปัสสาวะสูง กับกลุ่มรักษาตามแนวทางเวชปฏิบัติ (standard treatment) ที่เปลี่ยนยาเมื่อมีค่าการทำงานของไตลดลงโดยไม่มาเหตุอื่นอธิบายเกิน 25% เปรียบเทียบค่าการทำงานของท่อไตส่วนต้นและการทำงานของไตระหว่างสองกลุ่ม ผลการศึกษา: ผู้ป่วยทั้งหมด 26 คน โดยอยู่ในกลุ่มเปลี่ยนยาไว (early discontinuation) 15 คน และกลุ่มรักษาตามแนวทางเวชปฏิบัติ (standard treatment) จำนวน 11 คน (แบ่งเป็นกลุ่มที่เปลี่ยนยาตามแนวทางเวชปฏิบัติ (standard discontinuation) จำนวน 4 คน และกลุ่มที่ได้รับยาต่อ (continuation) จำนวน 7 คน โดยผู้ป่วยจำนวน 13 คน เปลี่ยนไปรับยาอะบาคาร์เวียร์ (abacavir) และได้รับยาโลปินาร์เวียร์/ริโทนาเวียร์(lopinavir/ritonavir) จำนวน 6 คน ใน โดยกลุ่มเปลี่ยนยาไว (early discontinuation) มีร้อยละของอัตราการเปลี่ยนแปลงของค่า fractional excretion (FE) …

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การทดลองแบบสุ่มและมีกลุ่มควบคุมเปรียบเทียบประสิทธิภาพในการป้องกันการติดเชื้อในทางเดินปัสสาวะระหว่างยาฟอสโฟมัยซิน 1 ครั้งและยาลีโวฟลอกซาซิน 5 วันในผู้ป่วยที่ได้รับการปลูกถ่ายไตที่มีภาวะแบคทีเรียในปัสสาวะแบบไม่ปรากฏอาการ, พชร พารักษา Jan 2017

การทดลองแบบสุ่มและมีกลุ่มควบคุมเปรียบเทียบประสิทธิภาพในการป้องกันการติดเชื้อในทางเดินปัสสาวะระหว่างยาฟอสโฟมัยซิน 1 ครั้งและยาลีโวฟลอกซาซิน 5 วันในผู้ป่วยที่ได้รับการปลูกถ่ายไตที่มีภาวะแบคทีเรียในปัสสาวะแบบไม่ปรากฏอาการ, พชร พารักษา

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

ที่มา: ภาวะมีแบคทีเรียในปัสสาวะแบบไม่ปรากฏอาการเป็นภาวะที่เกิดขึ้นบ่อยในผู้ป่วยที่ได้รับการปลูกถ่ายไตและอาจจะเป็นความเสี่ยงหนึ่งของการเกิดภาวะติดเชื้อในทางเดินปัสสาวะ ถึงแม้ว่าจะยังไม่พบประโยชน์ที่ชัดเจนในการรักษาภาวะมีแบคทีเรียในปัสสาวะแบบไม่ปรากฏอาการ แต่อย่างไรก็ตามภาวะนี้มักจะได้รับการรักษาโดยแพทย์ในเวชปฏิบัติ ในปัจจุบันการดื้อยาของเชื้อแบคทีเรียที่ก่อโรคในทางเดินปัสสาวะที่เพิ่มมากขึ้นทำให้ยาปฏิชีวนะที่สามารถใช้ในการรักษาได้ลดลง ฟอสโฟมัยซินเป็นยาปฏิชีวนะที่ออกฤทธิ์กว้างมีความเข้มข้นในปัสสาวะสูงและสามารถครอบคลุมเชื้อแบคทีเรียดื้อยาได้จึงเป็นทางเลือกที่น่าสนใจ แต่อย่างไรก็ตามข้อมูลของการใช้ยาฟอสโฟมัยซินในผู้ป่วยที่ได้รับการปลูกถ่ายไตยังมีจำกัด
วิธีการศึกษา: เป็นการศึกษาแบบสุ่มและมีกลุ่มควบคุม ทำการศึกษาผู้ป่วยที่ได้รับการปลูกถ่ายไตและมีภาวะแบคทีเรียในปัสสาวะแบบไม่ปรากฏอาการ โดยแบ่งเป็นกลุ่มฟอสโฟมัยซิน (3 กรัม 1 ครั้ง) และกลุ่มลีโวฟลอกซาซิน (500 มิลิกรัมต่อวัน 5 วัน) ผลการศึกษาหลักประเมินอัตราการเกิดภาวะติดเชื้อในทางเดินปัสสาวะภายใน 28 วันภายหลังจากได้ยาปฏิชีวนะครบ ผลการศึกษารองประเมินอัตราการเกิดภาวะ persistence bacteriuria, recurrence bacteriuria, และการเกิดผลข้างเคียงภายใน 28 วันภายหลังจากได้ยาปฏิชีวนะครบ
ผลการศึกษา: มีผู้ที่ได้รับการปลูกถ่ายไตเข้าร่วม 38 คน แบ่งเป็นกลุ่มฟอสโฟมัยซิน 20 คนและกลุ่มลีโวฟลอกซาซิน 18 คน พบว่าหลังการรักษาด้วยยาปฏิชีวนะที่ 28 วัน ไม่พบผู้ป่วยที่เกิดภาวะติดเชื้อในทางเดินปัสสาวะ อัตราการเกิดภาวะ persistence bacteriuria recurrence bacteriuria และการเกิดผลข้างเคียงระหว่างสองกลุ่มไม่ได้แตกต่างกันอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ (p=0.32, p=0.47, และ p=1.0 ตามลำดับ)
สรุป: การรักษาผู้ป่วยที่ได้รับการปลูกถ่ายไตที่มีภาวะแบคทีเรียในปัสสาวะแบบไม่ปรากฏอาการด้วยฟอสโฟมัยซิน 1 ครั้งไม่สามารถช่วยลดอัตราการเกิดภาวะติดเชื้อในทางเดินปัสสาวะได้เมื่อเปรียบเทียบกับลีโวฟลอกซาซิน 5 วัน

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Bioactive Compounds From Dendrobium Infundibulum, Salinee Na Ranong Jan 2017

Bioactive Compounds From Dendrobium Infundibulum, Salinee Na Ranong

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Phytochemical study of the methanol extract from Dendrobium infundibulum (Orchidaceae) led to isolation of nine pure compounds including two new compounds (dendroinfundin A and dendroinfundin B) and seven known compounds (ephemeranthol A, moscatilin, aloifol I, batatasin III, 3,3'-dihydroxy-4,5-dimethoxybibenzyl, 3,4'-dihydroxy-3',4,5-trimethoxybibenzyl and dendrosinen B). Their structures were determined from their spectroscopic data. All compounds were then examined for their lipase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Dendrosinen B (IC50 = 295.0±37.9 µM) showed moderate inhibitory activity against lipase when compared with orlistat (IC50 = 31.4±0.6 nM). Strong anti alpha-glucosidase agents were batatasin III (IC50 = 148.8±8.4 µM) and dendrosinen B (IC50 = 213.9±2.4 µM), …

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ฤดูกาลและพื้นที่ในการเกิดโรคของปะการังบริเวณแนวปะการังเขตน้ำตื้นฝั่งอ่าวไทยและทะเลอันดามัน, มัตฑิกา แดงแย้ม Jan 2017

ฤดูกาลและพื้นที่ในการเกิดโรคของปะการังบริเวณแนวปะการังเขตน้ำตื้นฝั่งอ่าวไทยและทะเลอันดามัน, มัตฑิกา แดงแย้ม

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

ความเสื่อมโทรมของแนวปะการังเกิดขึ้นในหลายบริเวณทั่วโลก โรคปะการังเป็นปัจจัยหนึ่งซึ่งส่งผลทำให้ปะการังอ่อนแอและตายในที่สุด การศึกษาครั้งนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาผลของฤดูกาลและพื้นที่ต่อการเกิดโรคของปะการังบริเวณแนวปะการังเขตน้ำตื้นฝั่งอ่าวไทยและทะเลอันดามัน โดยการสำรวจโรคปะการัง ใน 2 ฤดูกาล (ฤดูมรสุมตะวันออกเฉียงเหนือ และฤดูมรสุมตะวันตกเฉียงใต้) จาก 3 พื้นที่ศึกษา (เกาะค้างคาว จังหวัดชลบุรี เกาะแตน จังหวัดสุราษฏร์ธานี และเกาะมุกด์ จังหวัดตรัง) ผลการศึกษาพบการเกิดโรคของปะการังทั้งหมด 5 ชนิด ได้แก่ White syndromes (WS) White patch disease (WP) Ulcerative white spot (UWS) Growth Anomalies (GAN) และ Pigmentation response (PR) โดยแนวปะการังบริเวณเกาะแตน พบว่ามีความชุกของโรคปะการังสูงสุด ทั้ง 2 ฤดูกาล ซึ่งมีความแตกต่างกันอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ (P<0.05) อีกทั้งยังพบว่าความชุกของโรคปะการังในฤดูมรสุมตะวันตกเฉียงใต้สูงกว่าฤดูมรสุมตะวันออกเฉียงเหนือในทุกพื้นที่ศึกษาพบความแตกต่างกันอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ (P<0.05) โรค White syndromes (WS) เป็นโรคกลุ่มเด่นที่มีความถี่ของการเกิดโรคปะการังสูงสุด นอกจากนี้ยังพบว่าปะการังโขด Porites lutea เป็นปะการังชนิดเด่นที่เกิดโรคปะการังสูงสุด ทั้ง 3 พื้นที่ จากการศึกษานี้สามารถนำข้อมูลที่ได้ไปใช้เป็นข้อมูลพื้นฐานในการเกิดโรคปะการัง รวมถึงการติดตามเฝ้าระวังการระบาดและความรุนแรงของโรคปะการังในแนวปะการังเขตน้ำตื้นต่อไป

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