Digital Commons Network^™

Exploring The Efficacy Of School And Community Based Literacy Intervention Programmes: A Case Of Literacy Development And Learning Outcomes In Low Resource Environments, Anyanzo John Philip

Master of Education

Literacy is perceived as a crucial tool for acquiring a wide range of learning skills and acts as an inducement for everyday life and life-long learning. Besides, literacy is one of the pillars that support individual and societal development as well as playing key role in poverty reduction. As such, this study explored the factors influencing the efficacy of school and community based literacy intervention programmes in context of literacy development, and learning outcomes in low resource communities. The study was conducted in two public primary schools, and two community literacy intervention centres, in Koboko district, Uganda. The study used …

Globalization And The Rise Of Militant Islamic Social Movement Organizations: The Case Of Uamsho (Awakening) Group In Zanzibar., Deogratius Mshigeni

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

This dissertation set out to explore how specific aspects of globalization affect the growth and development of particular militant neo-fundamentalist social movements and in what ways globalization affect the resources and collective identity of these movements. To examine this, I conducted ethnographic and archival research and in-depth interviews with 40 activists in the UAMSHO (AWAKENING) group in Zanzibar, which is associated with the rise of violent activities since the first multiparty elections, held in 1995. Most of these activities have been associated with the UAMSHO (AWAKENING) group, that adheres to strict neo-fundamentalist views of Islam, and which calls for Zanzibar …

Prevalence Of Obesity In Elementary School Children And Its Association With Dental Caries, Deema J. Farsi, Heba M. Elkhodary, Leena A. Merdad, Najat M.A. Farsi, Sumer M. Alaki, Najlaa M. Alamoudi, Haneen A. Bakhaidar, Mohammed A. Alolayyan

Saudi Medical Journal

Objectives To investigate the prevalence of obesity among elementary school children and to examine the association between obesity and caries activity in the mixed dentition stage. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between September 2014 and June 2015 using a multi-stage stratified sample of 915 elementary school children (482 boys, 433 girls) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Anthropometric measurements, consisting of height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC), were obtained. Children were classified as underweight/healthy, overweight, or obese and as non-obese or obese according to their BMI and WC, …

The Biennial Of Dakar And South-South Circulations, Thomas Fillitz

Artl@s Bulletin

The Biennale of Dakar is considered as a particular site for examining South-South circulations of artworks. Being the biennial of contemporary African art, only artists from Africa and its Diaspora are eligible for its central, international exhibition. Several factors, however, are strongly influencing these selections, among others the Biennale’s specific selection procedures, as for instance the appointment of the members of the selection committee. Considering critical voices of local artists about the Biennale’s performance will lead to discussing several problems that affect South-South circulations of artworks.

Substance Use And Psychosocial Status Among People Living With Hiv/Aids Who Encountered Hiv Stigma In China: Stratified Analyses By Socio-Economic Status, Chen Zhang, Xiaoming Li, Yu Liu, Shan Qiao, Yuejiao Zhou, Zhiyong Shen, Yi Chen

Faculty Publications

This study examined whether the impact of HIV stigma on psychosocial status and substance use among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) differed by their socio-economic status (SES) in a Chinese setting. A total of 2,987 PLWHA were recruited from 12 sites with the highest number of cumulative HIV incidence in Guangxi, China. Participants were asked to provide information regarding their psychosocial status (e.g., depression, anxiety), history of substance use (e.g., tobacco, alcohol and drug) and SES (e.g., education, monthly income, residence type, and job category). By employing stratified multivariate regression analyses, we assessed stratum-specific impacts of HIV stigma on PLWHA’s …

Substance Use And Psychosocial Status Among People Living With Hiv/Aids Who Encountered Hiv Stigma In China: Stratified Analyses By Socio-Economic Status, Chen Zhang, Xiaoming Li Ph.D., Yu Liu, Shan Qiao Ph.D., Yuejiao Zhou, Zhiyong Shen, Yi Chen

Faculty Publications

This study examined whether the impact of HIV stigma on psychosocial status and substance use among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) differed by their socio-economic status (SES) in a Chinese setting. A total of 2,987 PLWHA were recruited from 12 sites with the highest number of cumulative HIV incidence in Guangxi, China. Participants were asked to provide information regarding their psychosocial status (e.g., depression, anxiety), history of substance use (e.g., tobacco, alcohol and drug) and SES (e.g., education, monthly income, residence type, and job category). By employing stratified multivariate regression analyses, we assessed stratum-specific impacts of HIV stigma on PLWHA’s …

Criteria-Based Audit To Improve Quality Of Care Of Foetal Distress: Standardising Obstetric Care At A National Referral Hospital In A Low Resource Setting, Tanzania, Andrew H. Mgaya, Helena Litorp, Hussein L. Kidanto, Lennarth Nyström, Birgitta Essén

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Background, In Tanzania, substandard intrapartum management of foetal distress contributes to a third of perinatal deaths, and the majority are term deliveries. We conducted a criteria-based audit with feedback to determine whether standards of diagnosis and management of foetal distress would be improved in a low-resource setting.

Methods, During 2013–2015, a criteria-based audit was performed at the national referral hospital in Dar es Salaam. Case files of deliveries with a diagnosis of foetal distress were identified and audited. Two registered nurses under supervision of a nurse midwife, a specialist obstetrician and a consultant obstetrician, reviewed the case files. Criteria for …

Hiv/Stis And Intimate Partner Violence: Results From The Togo 2013-2014 Demographic And Health Surveys, Anthony H. Nguyen

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Background: Among clinic based studies, intimate partner violence (IPV) has been shown to contribute to HIV/AIDS among young girls and women. Results from studies among the general population have been less consistent. This study evaluated the associations between HIV infection, any sexually transmitted infections, and IPV in a population based sample of Togolese women.

Methods: Data from the Togo 2013-2014 Demographic and Health Surveys were utilized for these analyses. Women aged 15-49 who were currently married, had HIV test results and answered the Domestic Violence Module were analyzed (n = 2386). Generalized linear mixed-models adjusting for sociodemographic variables, risk behaviors, …

Adaptions: Mindful Living In The New Millenium (Full Issue)

PSU McNair Scholars Online Journal

No abstract provided.

Onunamu, C. China’S Struggle For Modernization: From Revolution To Reform. Abuja, Nigeria: Yaliam Press. 2016., Njunga Michael Mulikita Ph.D.

Journal of International and Global Studies

Book review.

Improving Standards Of Care In Obstructed Labour: A Criteria-Based Audit At A Referral Hospital In A Low-Resource Setting In Tanzania, Andrew H. Mgaya, Hussein Kidanto, Lennarth Nystrom, Birgitta Essén

Faculty of Health Sciences, East Africa

Objective In low-resource settings, obstructed labour is strongly associated with severe maternal morbidity and intrapartum asphyxia, and consequently maternal and perinatal deaths. This study evaluated the impact of a criteria-based audit of the diagnosis and management of obstructed labour in a low-resource setting.

Methods A baseline criteria-based audit was conducted from October 2013 to March 2014, followed by a workshop in which stakeholders gave feedback on interventions agreed upon to improve obstetric care. The implemented interventions included but were not limited to introducing standard guidelines for diagnosis and management of obstructed labour, agreeing on mandatory review by specialist for cases …

Breech Delivery At A University Hospital In Tanzania, Ulf Högberg, Catrin Claeson, Lone Krebs, Agneta Skoog Svanberg, Hussein Kidanto

Faculty of Health Sciences, East Africa

Background There is a global increase in rates of Cesarean delivery (CD). A minor factor in this increase is a shift towards CD for breech presentation. The aim of this study was to analyze breech births by mode of delivery and investigate short-term fetal and maternal outcomes in a low-income setting.

Methods The study design was cross-sectional and the setting was Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH), Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. Subjects were drawn from a clinical database (1999–2010) using the following inclusion criteria: breech presentation, birth weight ≥ 2,500 g, single pregnancy, fetal heart sound at admission, and absence of pregnancy-related complication as …

Criteria-Based Audit To Improve Quality Of Care Of Foetal Distress: Standardising Obstetric Care At A National Referral Hospital In A Low Resource Setting, Tanzania, Andrew H. Mgaya, Helena Litorp, Hussein Kidanto, Lennarth Nyström, Birgitta Essén

Faculty of Health Sciences, East Africa

Background In Tanzania, substandard intrapartum management of foetal distress contributes to a third of perinatal deaths, and the majority are term deliveries. We conducted a criteria-based audit with feedback to determine whether standards of diagnosis and management of foetal distress would be improved in a low-resource setting.

Methods During 2013–2015, a criteria-based audit was performed at the national referral hospital in Dar es Salaam. Case files of deliveries with a diagnosis of foetal distress were identified and audited. Two registered nurses under supervision of a nurse midwife, a specialist obstetrician and a consultant obstetrician, reviewed the case files. Criteria for …

Research Outlook : November 2016, Office Of Research & Graduate Studies

Office of Research and Graduate Studies

Content

- Research in the News

- INNOVATE: Building a Future

- INFUSE: Creating the Framework

- IMPACT: Stepping Up

- Funding Opportunities

- Partners at a Glance

Vitamin D Levels In Malnourished Children Under 5 Years In A Tertiary Care Center At Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania—A Cross-Sectional Study, Nahida Z. Walli, Emmanuel K. Munubhi, Said Aboud, Karim P. Manji

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Objective: To evaluate vitamin D levels/deficiency among malnourished children < 5 years admitted at a tertiary care center, the Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Children with malnutrition may have co-existing vitamin D deficiency (VDD), which may be severe.

Methods: Serum vitamin D and alkaline phosphatase were evaluated, and X-ray of the wrist was carried out on 134 children.

Results: VDD was found in 41 of 134 children (30.6%). The mean vitamin D level was 74.8 nmol/l. The mean alkaline phosphatase level was 176.6 U/l. Sixty-four (48%) children were found to have severe stunting, of whom 20 (31.2%) were vitamin D deficient. Marasmic children had higher odds of VDD compared with other forms of malnutrition.

Conclusion: The high prevalence of VDD in malnourished children underlines the need for active surveillance …

The State Of African Economy And A Way Forward, Florian Cyril Mshanga

Young African Leaders Journal of Development

The current emerging market downturn in economic powerhouses like China, has already negatively affected African economic growth. For resource-rich countries, it is a chance to improve their public investment management (PIM) system, which could help boost growth; although from experience drawn, Sub-Saharan oil resourced countries on average score lower in PIM, reflecting weak administrative capacity and low transparency in the use of public resources, especially at the project appraisal and evaluation stages of the PIM process. Countries that have successfully diversified their economies will suffer less than those that have not and they will enjoy less stress than countries depending …

The Next Who Director-General’S Highest Priority: A Global Treaty On The Human Right To Health, Lawrence O. Gostin, Eric A. Friedman, Paulo Buss, Mushtaque Chowdhury, Anand Grover, Mark Heywood, Churnrurtai Kanchanachitra, Gabriel Leung, Judith Mackay, Precious Matsoso, Sigrun Mogedal, Joia S. Mukherjee, Francis Omaswa, Joy Phumaphi, K. Srinath Reddy, Mirta Roses Periago, Joe Thomas, Oyewale Tomori, Miriam Were, Debrework Zewdie

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

Amidst the many challenges facing the next WHO Director-General, the new WHO head should find WHO’s foremost priority in its most important constitutional pillar: the right to health. The centerpiece of this endeavor should be leadership on the Framework Convention on Global Health (FCGH), the proposed global treaty based in the right to health and aimed at national and global health equity. The treaty would reform global governance for health to enhance accountability, transparency, and civil society participation and protect the right to health in trade, investment, climate change, and other international regimes, while catalyzing governments to institutionalize the right …

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Partner Disclosure And Early Cd4 Response Among Hiv-Infected Adults Initiating Antiretroviral Treatment In Nairobi Kenya, T. Tony Trinh, Nelly Yatich, Richard Ngomoa, Christine J. Mcgrath, Barbra A. Richardson, Samah R. Sakr, Agnes Langat, Grace C. John-Stewart, Michael Chung

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Background: Disclosure of HIV serostatus can have significant benefits for people living with HIV/AIDS. However, there is limited data on whether partner disclosure influences ART treatment response.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of newly diagnosed, ART-naïve HIV-infected adults (>18 years) who enrolled at the Coptic Hope Center in Nairobi, Kenya between January 1^st2009 and July 1^st 2011 and initiated ART within 3 months. Analysis was restricted to adults who reported to have either disclosed or not disclosed their HIV status to their partner. Analysis of CD4 response at 6 and 12 months post-ART was …

Fall 2016, In Case You Missed It, Jennifer Saunders

UNH International Educator Newsletter

No abstract provided.

New Spiritan Universities: Marian University College, Bagamoyo, Luke Nnamdi Mbefo C.S.Sp.

Spiritan Horizons

No abstract provided.

The First Spiritan Mission Method In Bagamoyo: Liberation Of Slaves, Johannes Henschel C.S.Sp.

Spiritan Horizons

No abstract provided.

Symposium Program Outline For Crosscurrents: Land, Labor, And The Port. Textile Society Of America’S 15th Biennial Symposium. Savannah, Ga, October 19-23, 2016.

Textile Society of America: Symposium Proceedings

Conference program: times, locations, speakers, events.

Wednesday, October 19th 2016, through Sunday, October 23rd 2016.

10 pages

Access Is Not Enough: Family Planning In Dar Es Salaam, Claire Burrus

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Population growth is a large problem, both globally and at local levels. The global population is growing at an unsustainable rate, particularly in developing nations. Tanzania, as a developing nation, is one of the fastest growing countries in the world, and as a result, faces many hardships related to high population. The Tanzanian government, non-governmental organizations, and private institutions have made attempts to address these concerns by encouraging family planning. Even so, the national population continues to rise. Many social and cultural factors have contributed to this phenomenon. This study was performed in the Women’s Clinic at Sanitas Hospital in …

Vol. 41, No. 3: Fall 2016, School Of Medicine & Health Sciences

North Dakota Medicine Archive

No abstract provided.

Performance Of Point-Of-Care Cd4 Testing Technologies In Resource-Constrained Settings: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Minh D. Pham, Paul A. Agius, Lorena Romero, Peter Mcglynn, David Anderson, Suzanne M. Crowe, Stanley Luchters

Population Health, East Africa

Background: Point-of-care (POC) CD4 testing increases patient accessibility to assessment of antiretroviral therapy eligibility. This review evaluates field performance in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) of currently available POC CD4 technologies.

Methods: Eight electronic databases were searched for field studies published between January 2005 and January 2015 of six POC CD4 platforms: PointCare NOW™, Alere Pima™ CD4, Daktari™ CD4 Counter, CyFlow® CD4 miniPOC, BD FACSPresto™, and MyT4™ CD4. Due to limited data availability, meta-analysis was conducted only for diagnostic performance of Pima at a threshold of 350 cells/μl, applying a bivariate multi-level random-effects modelling approach. A covariate extended model was …

Blockchain Technology Might Solve Vat Fraud, Richard Thompson Ainsworth, Andrew Shact

Faculty Scholarship

At the World Economic Forum more than 800 executive and technology experts were asked when they thought a particular “tipping point” would be reached – when would we see a government collect tax with blockchain? The agreed date was 2023 (on average). A full 73% of the respondents however, expected the tipping point to have been reached by 2025.

This paper argues that the EU VAT will be an early adopter, if not the earliest adopter of blockchain. There are a number of reasons why. Blockchain will bring substantial efficiencies to VAT collection. It will reduce costs, and build critical …

Raullerson, Calvin, Dpaac Staff

Manuscript Division Finding Aids

Collection Number: 252 Inclusive Dates: 1789 - 2002 Extent: 26.25 Cubic Feet Description: Calvin Raullerson was an official with the Peace Corps and other international aid organizations. The Calvin Raullerson papers document Raullerson's careers in research, education, and international aid. Among the records are chronological files, correspondence, travel files, reference files, business files, as well as files relating to his work with the United Negro College Fund, the African-American Institute, and the Peace Corps.

Should Children Work? Dilemmas Of Children’S Educational Rights In The Global South, Conrad John Masabo

Southern African Journal of Policy and Development

The realisation of Children’s Rights and the right to education, in particular, have for quite long left the children of the Global South at a crossroads. The ideal of a childhood free from work has in itself become a barrier to access this social good. As such, due to their country’s minimal or non-existent educational funding and family abject poverty, some children in the Global South have realised that adopting a pragmatic strategy of combining school and work is the only feasible solution. This study, therefore, examines the interface between children’s work and schooling in the Global South.

Spatially Continuous Dataset At Local Scale Of Taita Hills In Kenya And Mount Kilimanjaro In Tanzania, Sizah Mwalusepo, Estomih S. Massawe, Tino Johansson

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Climate change is a global concern, requiring local scale spatially continuous dataset and modeling of meteorological variables. This dataset article provided the interpolated temperature, rainfall and relative humidity dataset at local scale along Taita Hills and Mount Kilimanjaro altitudinal gradients in Kenya and Tanzania, respectively. The temperature and relative humidity were recorded hourly using automatic onset THHOBO data loggers and rainfall was recorded daily using GENERALR wireless rain gauges. Thin plate spline (TPS) was used to interpolate, with the degree of data smoothing determined by minimizing the generalized cross validation. The dataset provide information on the status of the current …

Corporate Social Responsibility: Challenges Of Implementing Mtn Digital Libraries In Nigerian Universities, Emmanuel Dickson Chigbu Mr., Rita John-Okeke, Charles O. Omekwu

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This study examined the corporate social responsibility intervention in the development of digital libraries in the universities of developing countries. It specifically investigated the challenges facing the MTN Foundation Digital Libraries in the universities in Nigeria and strategies that will engender their effective operation. The research design used for this study was descriptive survey design. A questionnaire titled Evaluation of MTNF Digital Libraries Questionnaire (EMTFDLQ) was designed and used for data collection. Responses were analysed using mean scores and percentages which are presented in tables. Findings show that Corporate Social Responsibility has provided vital impetus to the development of digital …