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Saving The Serengeti: Africa's New International Judicial Environmentalism, James T. Gathii

Faculty Publications & Other Works

This Article analyzes recent environmental law decisions of Africa's fledgling international courts. In 2014, for example, the East African Court of Justice stopped the government of Tanzania from building a road across Serengeti National Park because of its potential adverse environmental impacts. Decisions like these have inaugurated a new era of enhanced environmental judicial protection in Africa. This expansion into environmental law decision-making by Africa's international trade courts contrasts with other international courts that are designed to specialize on one issue area such as human rights or international trade, but not both. By contrast, Africa's international courts are simultaneously pushing …

Research Outlook : January 2016, Office Of Research & Graduate Studies

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Blood, Donors And Dollars: Rethinking Financial Sustainability Of Safe Blood Services In Tanzania, Kahabi Isangula, Sharon Brownie, Abela Mahimbo, Solomon Kibona, Abdu Juma, Deus Mogela

School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa

Introduction: Collection, processing and distribution of safe blood in Tanzania occurs within a free-for-service context, that is, a collection from non-remunerated blood donors and distributing freely to the needy people through health facilities. The safe blood services in the country appear to be crippled with many challenges and cannot meet the demand for blood and its products. As such, a need for rethinking collection methods, financial models and possible mechanisms for donor remuneration is evident.

Methods: In this paper, we venture on multi-stakeholder meetings and ongoing discussions regarding the internal mechanisms of safe blood transfusion financing. The intent is to …

Mine Action And Peace Mediation, Gichd, Swiss Peace

Global CWD Repository

The humanitarian consequences of mines and explosive remnants of war (ERW) are extensive and long lasting. This fact suggests the relevance of having them addressed in negotiations among conflict parties and included in ceasefire and peace agreements. Nevertheless, the link between mine action (also called humanitarian demining) and peace mediation is underexplored in practice and theory as is illustrated by the limited guidance and literature on the matter. This issue brief aims to explore to what extent the two communities of practice could overcome the tendency of working in isolation and benefit from one another. It also shows that mine …

Supporting Healthy Futures For East Africa: Celebrating 15 Years Of Partnership In Nursing Education. School Of Nursing And Midwifery In East Africa, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya, Sharon Brownie, Walter Robb, Lyndal Hunter, Cliff Aliga, Isabel Kambo, Atem Machar, Joseph Mwizerwa, Judith Mutyabule, M. Namuguzi, Carolyne Namukwaya, Esther Nderitu, Leah Sande, Victor Skrzypczynski, Muneerah Vastani, Mariana Xavier

Books

This impact evaluation study was designed on the basis of quality and accountability. It focused on sourcing evidence regarding the impact and achievements of a 15-year investment in nursing education and workforce capacity building. The study was also designed to enhance alumni connection and establish sustainable models for monitoring and evaluation.

Reasons For Missing Antiretroviral Therapy: Results From A Multi-Country Study In Tanzania, Uganda, And Zambia, Olivier Koole, Julie A. Denison, Joris Menten, Sharon Tsui, Fred Wabwire-Mangen, Gideon Kwesigabo, Modest Mulenga, Andrew F. Auld, Simon G. Agolory, Ya Diul Mukadi, Eric Van Praag, Kwasi Torpey, Seymour Williams, Jonathan Kaplan, Aaron Zee, David Bangsberg, Robert Colebunders

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Objectives To identify the reasons patients miss taking their antiretroviral therapy (ART) and the proportion who miss their ART because of symptoms; and to explore the association between symptoms and incomplete adherence.

Methods Secondary analysis of data collected during a cross-sectional study that examined ART adherence among adults from 18 purposefully selected sites in Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia. We interviewed 250 systematically selected patients per facility (≥18 years) on reasons for missing ART and symptoms they had experienced (using the HIV Symptom Index). We abstracted clinical data from the patients’ medical, pharmacy, and laboratory records. Incomplete adherence was defined as …

The War On American Diplomacy: Isis, Al-Qaeda, And Taliban's Sustained Attacks On Peaceful U.S. Missions Abroad, Justus Reid Weiner

Cardozo Journal of Conflict Resolution

According to the American Foreign Service Association, seventy-six U.S. diplomats were killed between the years of 1973 and 2013 during peaceful missions abroad, amounting to over forty deaths. These diplomats were beacons of peace in their respective regions, maintaining peaceful relations amongst each other's countries and mitigating conflict without the use of violence. Continued attacks on diplomats are a demonstration of violence not only against them as individuals, but against peace around the globe. The most obvious way to resolve this conflict is to acknowledge the innumerous terror attacks that have taken place and take active steps to resolve the …

Yearning To Belong: Finding A Home For The Right To Academic Freedom In The U.N. Human Rights Covenants, Klaus D. Beiter, Terence Karran, Kwadwo Appiagyei-Atua

Intercultural Human Rights Law Review

Academic freedom is generally considered a human right, both nationally and internationally. However, no legally binding international human rights instrument-neither at the global nor the regional level-provides express protection for this right; this includes the two most important global human rights treaties, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, both of 1966. This begs the question: Does the right to academic freedom not-even so--have a "home" in either or both of the U.N. Human Rights Covenants? Can and should academic freedom be protected as part of the right to …

Temperature-Dependent Wsm1 And Wsm2 Gene-Specific Blockage Of Viral Long-Distance Transport Provides Resistance To Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus And Triticum Mosaic Virus In Wheat, Satyanarayana Tatineni, E. N. Wosula, Melissa S. Bartels, Gary L. Hein, Robert A. Graybosch

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) and Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) are economically important viral pathogens of wheat. Wheat cvs.Mace, carrying the Wsm1 gene, is resistant toWSMV and TriMV, and Snowmass, with Wsm2, is resistant to WSMV. Viral resistance in both cultivars is temperature sensitive and is effective at 18˚C or below but not at higher temperatures. The underlying mechanisms of viral resistance of Wsm1 and Wsm2, nonallelic single dominant genes, are not known. In this study, we found that fluorescent protein–tagged WSMV and TriMV elicited foci that were approximately similar in number and size at 18 and 24˚C, …

Population Health Science: A Core Element Of Health Science Education In Sub-Saharan Africa, Robert A. Hiatt, Natalie J. Engmann, Mushtaq Ahmed, Yasmin Amarsi, William Macharia, Sarah B. Macfarlane, Anthony Ngugi, F. Rabbani, Gijs Walraven, Robert Armstrong

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa suffers an inordinate burden of disease and does not have the numbers of suitably trained health care workers to address this challenge. New concepts in health sciences education are needed to offer alternatives to current training approaches. A perspective of integrated training in population health for undergraduate medical and nursing education is advanced, rather than continuing to take separate approaches for clinical and public health education. Population health science educates students in the social and environmental origins of disease, thus complementing disease-specific training and providing opportunities for learners to take the perspective of the community as a critical …

Reciprocal Technologies: Enabling The Reciprocal Exchange Of Voice In Small-Scale Farming Communities Through The Transformation Of Information And Communications Technologies, Eugenio Tisselli

Other Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business Theses

This dissertation claims that the reciprocal exchange of voice—an element for constructing community and strengthening political recognition—may be fostered in small-scale farming communities by (1) the appropriation and transformation of information and communications technologies, (2) artistic intervention, and (3) cross-community research. This study contributes to participatory research methodologies, particularly those that seek to tackle the diverse challenges faced by small-scale farmers from a broad, complex perspective. The main issue identified in this dissertation is as follows: The hegemony of economic behaviors, which stands as a cornerstone of neoliberal capitalism, constitutes the latest stage of a historical process in which the …

Defining New Knowledge Produced By Collaborative Art-Science Research, Juanita Schlaepfer-Miller

Other Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business Theses

This thesis takes a theoretical framework constructed for transdisciplinary research within different natural science disciplines and investigates what kind of new knowledge is produced when this framework is applied to projects at the interface of art and natural science. The main case study is “Sauti ya Wakulima – The Voice of the Farmers”, which involves collaboration with another intervention artist, and with natural scientists and farmers. This is a collaborative knowledge project with small-scale urban as well as rural farmers in Tanzania who have created an online community archive of their farming practices by using mobile phones to upload images …

Adding A Single Low-Dose Of Primaquine (0.25 Mg/Kg) To Artemether-Lumefantrine Did Not Compromise Treatment Outcome Of Uncomplicated Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria In Tanzania: A Randomized, Single-Blinded Clinical Trial, Richard Mwaiswelo, Billy Ngasala, Irina Jovel, Berit Aydin‑Schmidt, Roland Gosling, Zul Premji, Bruno Mmbando, Anders Björkman, Andreas Mårtensson

Pathology, East Africa

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) recently recommended the addition of a single low-dose of the gametocytocidal drug primaquine (PQ) to artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) in low transmission set‑ tings as a component of pre-elimination or elimination programmes. However, it is unclear whether that influences the ACT cure rate. The study assessed treatment outcome of artemether-lumefantrine (AL) plus a single PQ dose (0.25 mg/kg) versus standard AL regimen for treatment of acute uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Tanzania.

Methods: A randomized, single-blinded, clinical trial was conducted in Yombo, Bagamoyo district, Tanzania. Acute uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria patients aged ≥1 year, …

Safety Of A Single Low-Dose Of Primaquine In Addition To Standard Artemether-Lumefantrine Regimen For Treatment Of Acute Uncomplicated Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria In Tanzania, Richard Mwaiswelo, Billy Ngasala, Irina Jovel, Roland Gosling, Zul Premji, Eugenie Poirot, Bruno Mmbando, Anders Björkman, Andreas Mårtensson

Pathology, East Africa

Background: This study assessed the safety of the new World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation of adding a single low-dose of primaquine (PQ) to standard artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), regardless of individual glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) status, for treatment of acute uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Tanzania.

Methods: Men and non-pregnant, non-lactating women aged ≥1 year with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria were enrolled and randomized to either standard artemether-lumefantrine (AL) regimen alone or with a 0.25 mg/kg single-dose of PQ. PQ was administered concomitantly with the first AL dose. All drug doses were supervised. Safety was evaluated between days 0 and 28. …

Application Of Environmental Dna (Edna) In The Detection And Quantification Of Anopheles Mosquito Larvae In Artificial Aquatic Habitats, Joel Odero

All Master’s Theses

Background Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis is an emerging tool in ecological monitoring of aquatic habitats. When applied correctly, it can overcome the limitations of traditional aquatic sampling methods. This current study develops and validates a protocol for using eDNA analysis to detect and quantify mosquito larvae in laboratory and controlled field setting. Methods Species-specific PCR primers were designed from An. gambiae s.l and An. funestus, and qPCR primers for An. gambiae s.l using mitochondrial cyt b gene and validated on 1:10 and 1:100 dilutions of gDNA from both species. In the laboratory eDNA testing, An. gambiae s.s mosquito larvae (1 …

Kicm: A Knowledge-Intensive Context Model, Fredrick Mtenzi, Denis Lupiana

Conference papers

A context model plays a significant role in developing context-aware architectures and consequently on realizing context-awareness, which is important in today's dynamic computing environments. These architectures monitor and analyse their environments to enable context-aware applications to effortlessly and appropriately respond to users' computing needs. These applications make the use of computing devices intuitive and less intrusive. A context model is an abstract and simplified representation of the real world, where the users and their computing devices interact. It is through a context model that knowledge about the real world can be represented in and reasoned by a context-aware architecture. This …

Antimicrobials: A Global Alliance For Optimizing Their Rational Use In Intra-Abdominal Infections (Agora), John E. Mazuski, Stephen Y. Liang, Et Al

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Roots & Shoots Remembered : A Qualitative Study Of The Influence Of Childhood Place-Based Experiences On The Lives Of Young Adults, Katrina G. Macht

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

This dissertation is a qualitative interview study that explored the memories of 10 former students, now young adults, long removed from their intermediate school (grades 4 – 6) experiences. The purpose of the study was to learn what impact involvement in the school’s Roots & Shoots program had on later attitudes and behaviors. Specifically, the study focused on the relationship between distant childhood experiences and current dispositions towards the environment and civic responsibility. The results from the study were based on data collected from interviews, written reflections, and email correspondence, with 10 young adults who attended the intermediate school between …

Perceptions About Sexually Transmitted Diseases In Akwa Ibom State Of Nigeria: A Qualitative Study Of Young Adults Age 18-24, Mfon Archibong Archibong

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Despite the ongoing investments in programs to increase sexual health awareness among young adults globally, many youths remain vulnerable to sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Two-thirds of all STDs occur among youths engaging in high-risk sexual behaviors, which put young adults at higher risk of STDs and can result in serious consequences including infertility. Additionally, the social consequences of STD affect families and communities. While a need exists for increased public awareness of STDs among young adults, extant intervention and prevention activities should be informed by a cultural perspective, including the integration of community and government roles. The purpose of this …

The Role Of Strategic Leadership In Banking Profitability, Joseph Ochien'g Witts

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

A study on corporate leadership failure in America by Vugt and Ronay has shown that the failure rate of business leadership in meeting profitability targets is as high as 60%. Most organizations fail to attain profitability targets due to limited experience and exposure to strategic leadership. The aim of this single case study design was to explore the role of strategic leadership in banking profitability. Twelve purposively selected senior bankers and members of the board of directors with over 10 years of experience in banking and profitability and 3 years in the top management team participated in the study in …

Assessing The Information Needs And Information Sources Of Urban And Peri-Urban Livestock Keepers In Kinondoni And Morogoro Urban Districts, Tanzania., Consolata Angello 1, Jangawe Msuya 2, Doris Matovelo 3

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This paper discusses the information needs of urban and peri-urban livestock keepers and the various information sources used and their effectiveness in disseminating livestock information. Mixed method approach was the methodology used in the study whereby quantitative data was gathered using questionnaires while qualitative data was gathered using in-depth interviews and participant observations. Findings from this study revealed that livestock keepers had various information needs such as disease control (95.3%), nutrition and feeds (62.2%), markets (56.3%), housing techniques (29.1%) and loans (20.1%). Urban livestock keepers also used different sources of information to access information including veterinary shops (77.2%), extension services …

Awareness And Use Of Opac By Distance Learners: The Case Of The Open University Of Tanzania, Nelson Msagati

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The survey aims to investigate the use of Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC) among distance learners of the Open University of Tanzania. A descriptive research design has been adopted in the study. Stratified random sampling method was used to select randomly 300 distance learners. A structured questionnaire was developed and distributed randomly to 300 distance learners including undergraduate and postgraduate students. A total of 230 (76.67 percent) completed filled in questionnaires were returned back from the distance learners for analysis. Despite OPAC being the most effective information retrieval tool and of particular ideal for distance learners, findings of this study …