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2016

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Determinan Sosial Dan Keteraturan Berobat Terhadap Perubahan Konversi Pasien Tuberkulosis Paru, Ummi Kalsum Supardi, Ida Leida M.Thaha, Rismayanti Rismayanti Jun 2016

Determinan Sosial Dan Keteraturan Berobat Terhadap Perubahan Konversi Pasien Tuberkulosis Paru, Ummi Kalsum Supardi, Ida Leida M.Thaha, Rismayanti Rismayanti

Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia

Tuberkulosis paru merupakan penyakit menular yang masih menjadi masalah sosial kesehatan masyarakat, khususnya di Indonesia. Tahun 2012 terdapat perubahan konversi (12%) dan meningkat (15%) tahun 2013 pasien di Rumah Sakit Umum Labuang Baji Makassar dan BBKPM Kota Makassar. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui besar faktor risiko perubahan konversi pasien TB paru berdasarkan pengetahuan, pendidikan, kondisi ekonomi, dan keteraturan berobat. Jenis penelitian desain case control study. Responden pada penelitian ini adalah penderita TB yang BTA (+) yang menjalani masa pengobatan 2 bulan, sebanyak 111 responden dengan perbandingan kasus dan kontrol 1 : 2. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji kemaknaan Odds Ratio 95% CI. …


Status Gizi Antropometri Dan Status Hemoglobin Siswa Sekolah Sepak Bola Anyelir Dan Sekolah Sepak Bola Bangau Putra Makassar, Nurhaedah Nurhaedah, Djunaidi M. Dachlan, Nukhrawi Nawir Jun 2016

Status Gizi Antropometri Dan Status Hemoglobin Siswa Sekolah Sepak Bola Anyelir Dan Sekolah Sepak Bola Bangau Putra Makassar, Nurhaedah Nurhaedah, Djunaidi M. Dachlan, Nukhrawi Nawir

Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia

Status gizi adalah keadaan kesehatan akibat interaksi antara makanan, tubuh manusia dan lingkungan hidup manusia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran status gizi antropometri dan status hemoglobin siswa Sekolah Sepak Bola Anyelir dan Sekolah Sepak Bola Bangau Putra Makassar tahun 2013. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Pengambilan sampel secara total sampling. Data yang telah diperoleh akan diolah dengan menggunakan komputer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa status gizi anak-anak yang menjadi sampel di sekolah sepak bola Anyelir dan Bangau Putra menunjukkan bahwa ada 3 orang anak (5,88%) yang status gizinya kurus, 40 orang anak (78,43%) yang …


Studi Penerapan Cara Produksi Makanan Yang Baik Pada Jajanan Bakso Yang Dikonsumsi Murid Di Sdn Kompleks Mangkura Kota Makassar, Yunita Yunita Jun 2016

Studi Penerapan Cara Produksi Makanan Yang Baik Pada Jajanan Bakso Yang Dikonsumsi Murid Di Sdn Kompleks Mangkura Kota Makassar, Yunita Yunita

Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia

Pembentukan SDM yang sehat sejak masa sekolah akan mempengaruhi kualitasnya pada saat mereka mencapai usia produktif. Pangan jajanan memegang peranan yang cukup penting dalam memberikan asupan gizi yang berkualitas bagi anak-anak usia sekolah. Salah satu makanan jajanan yang sangat diminati anak sekolah adalah bakso. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi lingkungan produksi, bangunan dan fasilitas, peralatan produksi makanan, fasilitas dan kegiatan hygiene dan sanitasi, pengendalian hama, kesehatan dan hygiene karyawan, dan penyimpanan makanan di Sekolah Dasar Kompleks Mangkura Kota Makassar. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif. Sampel adalah 2 penjual jajanan bakso. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lingkungan produksi dan suplai …


Pengaruh Penerapan Muatan Lokal Ilmu Gizi Berbasis Makanan Khas Daerah Gorontalo Terhadap Perilaku Gizi Siswa Smu Di Kota Gorontalo, Nurdin A. Dali Jun 2016

Pengaruh Penerapan Muatan Lokal Ilmu Gizi Berbasis Makanan Khas Daerah Gorontalo Terhadap Perilaku Gizi Siswa Smu Di Kota Gorontalo, Nurdin A. Dali

Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia

Pendidikan muatan lokal ilmu gizi berbasis makanan khas daerah Gorontalo ditujukan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan pemahaman siswa tentang gizi dan kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui perilaku siswa, pengaruh materi dan metode pada perilaku siswa, perbedaan perilaku siswa yang menerapkan mulok dan tidak menerapkan. Jenis penelitian adalah survei analitik dengan desain cross sectional study. Sampel adalah seluruh siswa kelas sebelas, yaitu 34 dan 39 siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat hubungan antara materi dengan pengetahuan dan sikap, p=0,000 dan p=0,031<0,05. Materi dengan tindakan tidak menunjukkan hubungan, p=0,790. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara metode mengajar dengan pengetahuan dan tindakan, p=0,183 dan p=0,217. Metode dengan sikap menunjukan hubungan, p=0,037. Tidak terdapat perbedaan antara pengetahuan dan sikap, p=0,817 dan p=0,733. Untuk tindakan menunjukan perbedaan yang bermakna, p=0,044. Kesimpulannya adalah tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara pengetahuan dan sikap siswa SMA yang menerapkan mulok ilmu gizi berbasis makanan khas daerah Gorontalo dan yang tidak menerapkan sedangkan untuk praktik/ tindakan menunjukan perbedaan yang bermakna.


Hubungan Asupan Zat Gizi Makro Dengan Status Gizi Pada Anak Sekolah Dasar Di Wilayah Pesisir Kota Makassar, Yulni Yulni Jun 2016

Hubungan Asupan Zat Gizi Makro Dengan Status Gizi Pada Anak Sekolah Dasar Di Wilayah Pesisir Kota Makassar, Yulni Yulni

Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia

Masalah gizi dapat berupa masalah gizi makro dan masalah gizi mikro. Salah satu golongan yang memerlukan perhatian dalam konsumsi makanan dan zat gizi adalah anak usia sekolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara asupan zat gizi makro dengan status gizi anak sekolah dasar di wilayah pesisir Kota Makassar. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian survei analitik dengan desain cross sectional. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling dengan besar sampel 150 siswa. Jenis Data yang dikumpulkan yaitu data primer, dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode wawancara, kuesioner recall 24 jam dan pengukuran Antropometri (TB, BB). Data sekunder diperoleh di instansi terkait. Pengolahan …


Pemberian Air Kelapa Muda Untuk Meningkatkan Asupan Kalium Pada Perempuan Prahipertensi, Farapti Farapti, Savitri Sayogo, Parlindungan Siregar Jun 2016

Pemberian Air Kelapa Muda Untuk Meningkatkan Asupan Kalium Pada Perempuan Prahipertensi, Farapti Farapti, Savitri Sayogo, Parlindungan Siregar

Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia

Asupan kalium rendah dihubungkan dengan hipertensi dan penyakit kardiovaskuler. Sebagian besar populasi di dunia mengonsumsi kalium lebih rendah dari rekomendasi yang dianjurkan. Air kelapa muda merupakan minuman khas yang tinggi kalium. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis asupan kalium pada perempuan prahipertensi dan menentukan peningkatan asupan kalium dengan pemberian air kelapa muda 300 ml dua kali sehari selama 14 hari berturut-turut. Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan uji klinis paralel single blind. Kelompok perlakuan (P) mendapat air kelapa muda disertai penyuluhan gizi dan kelompok kontrol (K) mendapat air putih disertai penyuluhan gizi. Penilaian asupan kalium dengan food record 2x24 jam. Kandungan kalium …


The Issues And Challenges Of Assessing Media Literacy Education, Evelien A. Schilder, Barbara B. Lockee, D. Patrick Saxon Jun 2016

The Issues And Challenges Of Assessing Media Literacy Education, Evelien A. Schilder, Barbara B. Lockee, D. Patrick Saxon

Journal of Media Literacy Education

In the media literacy literature, the challenges associated with assessment have, to a great extent, been ignored. The purpose of this mixed methods study was therefore to explore the views of media literacy scholars and professionals on assessment challenges through qualitative interviews (n = 10) with the intent of using this information to develop a quantitative survey to validate and extend the qualitative findings with a larger sample of media literacy professionals and scholars from around the world (n = 133). The findings offer an overview of the assessment challenges encountered by these participants.


The Environmental Heritage And Wellness Assessment: Applying Quantitative Techniques To Traditional Ecological Knowledge And Wellness Relationships, Kristina Baines Jun 2016

The Environmental Heritage And Wellness Assessment: Applying Quantitative Techniques To Traditional Ecological Knowledge And Wellness Relationships, Kristina Baines

Journal of Ecological Anthropology

This paper quantifies relationships between health and traditional ecological knowledge/practices in a Mopan Maya community in southern Belize, illuminating how changes in daily practices might be related to changes in wellness. Findings from statistical analyses of data related to household practices are presented. These data were collected using a Likert survey designed based on previously collected ethnographic and pile sort data related to health and heritage, and then administered to households in the community (n=64). The paper concludes that the data, while exploratory, show links between higher scores on both the health and heritage indices and warrant further engagement with …


Open Educational Resources (Oer) Pilot Program, Fall 2015 Final Report, Catherine Overson Jun 2016

Open Educational Resources (Oer) Pilot Program, Fall 2015 Final Report, Catherine Overson

Open Educational Resources

Assessments Conducted by Center for Excellence in Teaching and Learning (CETL)

Assessments Targeted Four Central Areas:

  1. Textbook Cost Savings
  2. Student Perceptions of the OER Materials
  3. Student Learning Outcomes
  4. Faculty Perceptions of the OER Pilot Program


The Farm Newsletter, Usu Student Organic Farm Jun 2016

The Farm Newsletter, Usu Student Organic Farm

USU Student Organic Farm Newsletter

Basil-Mint Sauce. Recipe by http://www.eatingwell.com

This healthy herb sauce recipe brings together mint, basil and ground coriander. Use as a healthy sauce for topping chicken, fish or pasta.


Process For Removal And Recovery Of Phenolic Compounds From Switchgrass, Robert M. Counce, Nikki Labbé, Michelle L. Lehmann, Jack S. Watson, Jingming Tao Jun 2016

Process For Removal And Recovery Of Phenolic Compounds From Switchgrass, Robert M. Counce, Nikki Labbé, Michelle L. Lehmann, Jack S. Watson, Jingming Tao

5th International Congress on Green Process Engineering (GPE 2016)

Introduction

This paper describes a process for the separation and recovery of non-structural phenolic compounds from switchgrass. This process is proposed as a preliminary step of a biorefinery incorporating the organosolv process for biomass fractionation. The economics of such an addition to separate and recover phenolic compounds is then investigated.

Switchgrass has been selected as a dedicated feedstock for bioprocesses producing liquid fuels such as ethanol and advanced fuels. The University of Tennessee has been heavily involved in the development of switchgrass as one of the feedstocks for bioenergy production in the southeast (Tiller 2011). Biofuels have the potential to …


Bjc Today Jun 2016

Bjc Today

BJC Today

No abstract provided.


2008, San Luis Obispo Crop Report.] Jun 2016

2008, San Luis Obispo Crop Report.]

San Luis Obispo Crop Reports

Annual report pertaining to agriculture in San Luis Obispo County, California.


Ageing And Long-Term Care Planning Perceptions Of Hispanics In The Usa: Evidence From A Case Study In New London, Connecticut, María Amparo Cruz-Saco, Mónika López-Anuarbe Jun 2016

Ageing And Long-Term Care Planning Perceptions Of Hispanics In The Usa: Evidence From A Case Study In New London, Connecticut, María Amparo Cruz-Saco, Mónika López-Anuarbe

Economics Faculty Publications

This paper explores the ageing attitudes and long-term care planning behavior of adult Hispanics in New London, Connecticut, a town with 30 thousand inhabitants that is rapidly ageing. We conducted six focus groups and had 37 participants share their ageing perceptions and long-term care needs. Our main findings suggest that informal care arrangements are vulnerable and unsustainable especially since women have historically and disproportionately provided most family eldercare even at their own personal and financial expense. Though male participants expected their female relatives to care for them when they age and need personal assistance, female participants did not necessarily expect …


Modeling Of Soybean Under Present And Future Climates In Mozambique, Manuel António Dina Talacuece, Flávio Barbosa Justino, Rafael De Ávila Rodrigues, Milton Edgar Pereira Flores, Jéssica Garcia Nascimento, Eduardo Eduardo Santos Jun 2016

Modeling Of Soybean Under Present And Future Climates In Mozambique, Manuel António Dina Talacuece, Flávio Barbosa Justino, Rafael De Ávila Rodrigues, Milton Edgar Pereira Flores, Jéssica Garcia Nascimento, Eduardo Eduardo Santos

Daugherty Water for Food Global Institute: Faculty Publications

This study aims to calibrate and validate the generic crop model (CROPGRO-Soybean) and estimate the soybean yield, considering simulations with different sowing times for the current period (1990–2013) and future climate scenario (2014–2030). The database used came from observed data, nine climate models of CORDEX (Coordinated Regional climate Downscaling Experiment)-Africa framework and MERRA (Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis for Research and Applications) reanalysis. The calibration and validation data for the model were acquired in field experiments, carried out in the 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 growing seasons in the experimental area of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) in Angónia, Mozambique. The yield …


State Of Washington's Reply Brief And Answer To Amicus Briefs Filed By Arc Of Washington Et Al., Columbia Legal Services Et Al., Washington's Paramount Duty, And The Superintendent Of Public Instruction Jun 2016

State Of Washington's Reply Brief And Answer To Amicus Briefs Filed By Arc Of Washington Et Al., Columbia Legal Services Et Al., Washington's Paramount Duty, And The Superintendent Of Public Instruction

Washington Supreme Court Documents

No abstract provided.


Introduction: Food And Eating Design252016, Hendrik N.J. Schifferstein Jun 2016

Introduction: Food And Eating Design252016, Hendrik N.J. Schifferstein

DRS Biennial Conference Series

No abstract provided.


Do Or Die: Environmental History, Environmental Politics And Environmental Economics And Their Implications For Mitigating The Effects Of Climate Change, Christopher Cannon Jun 2016

Do Or Die: Environmental History, Environmental Politics And Environmental Economics And Their Implications For Mitigating The Effects Of Climate Change, Christopher Cannon

Student Theses 2015-Present

Beginning during the Industrial Revolution, global economic growth has been driven mainly by humanity’s ability to harness energy from the combustion of fossil fuels. Energy is a tremendously valuable resource; lands with few other resources yield wealthy nations, businesses, cartels, armies and kingdoms, grown primarily from deposits and reserves of coal, oil or natural gas below the land’s surface. Energy security is perhaps a prerequisite for a nation to achieve industrial and economic development, foreign investment and trade, and in most cases law and order. As energy markets stand today in our global economic system, the burning of oil and …


Oviposition And Sex Ratio Of The Redbanded Stink Bug, Piezodorous Guildinii, In Soybean, Joshua H. Temple, Jeffrey A. Davis, Jarrod T. Hardke, Paul P. Price, B. Rogers Leonard Jun 2016

Oviposition And Sex Ratio Of The Redbanded Stink Bug, Piezodorous Guildinii, In Soybean, Joshua H. Temple, Jeffrey A. Davis, Jarrod T. Hardke, Paul P. Price, B. Rogers Leonard

Faculty Publications

Redbanded stink bug, Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood), is a significant soybean pest across the mid-south region of the United States. The objectives of these studies were to characterize: (1) redbanded stink bug oviposition in relationship to soybean maturity group (MG), plant structure, crop phenology, and vertical distribution within the plant canopy; and (2) redbanded stink bug adult sex ratios in relationship to soybean phenology. A total of 5645 redbanded stink bug eggs in 421 egg masses (clusters) were field collected from naturally-occurring populations in MG IV and V soybean over a three year period (2009 to 2011). The mean number of …


25(Oh)D Status Of Elite Athletes With Spinal Cord Injury Relative To Lifestyle Factors, Kelly Pritchett, Robert Pritchett, Dana Ogan, Phil Bishop, Elizabeth Broad, Melissa Lacroix Jun 2016

25(Oh)D Status Of Elite Athletes With Spinal Cord Injury Relative To Lifestyle Factors, Kelly Pritchett, Robert Pritchett, Dana Ogan, Phil Bishop, Elizabeth Broad, Melissa Lacroix

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences

Background: Due to the potential negative impact of low Vitamin D status on performance-related factors and the higher risk of low Vitamin D status in Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) population, research is warranted to determine whether elite athletes with SCI have sufficient 25(OH)D levels. The purposes of this study were to examine: (1) the seasonal proportion of vitamin D insufficiency among elite athletes with SCI; and (2) to determine whether lifestyle factors, SCI lesion level, and muscle performance/function are related to vitamin D status in athletes with SCI. Methods: Thirty-nine members of the Canadian Wheelchair Sports Association, and the US …


The Cycle Of Interdisciplinary Learning And Theory- Solution Building In Design Research, Young-Ae Hahn Jun 2016

The Cycle Of Interdisciplinary Learning And Theory- Solution Building In Design Research, Young-Ae Hahn

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This article discusses a new perspective on the sustainable product/service development process as an iterative cycle of interdisciplinary learning phase and theory-solution building phase. Such a perspective puts emphases on deductive or abductive-inductive communication activities between stakeholders, difference in research paradigms within which involved researchers act in, and how given information leads to useful insights for theory-building or solution-building via cognitive operations. The cycle is described with the author’s observations made during a research project, with specific cognitive activities pronounced in stakeholders’ learning and ideation activities.


Design For Sustainability: An Evolutionary Review, Fabrizio Ceschin, Idil Gaziulusoy Jun 2016

Design For Sustainability: An Evolutionary Review, Fabrizio Ceschin, Idil Gaziulusoy

DRS Biennial Conference Series

In this paper we explore the evolution of response from design discipline to sustainability issues. Following a quasi-chronological pattern, our exploration provides an overview of the Design for Sustainability (DfS) field, categorising the approaches developed in the past two decades under four innovation levels: Product, Product-Service System, Spatio-Social and Socio-Technical System. As a result of this overview, we propose an evolutionary framework and map the reviewed DfS approaches onto this framework. The proposed framework synthesizes the evolution of DfS field, showing how it has progressively expanded from a technical and product-centric focus towards large scale system level changes in which …


‘Difficult’ Packaging For Older Chinese Adult, Xuezi Ma, Hua Dong Jun 2016

‘Difficult’ Packaging For Older Chinese Adult, Xuezi Ma, Hua Dong

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The ageing of the global population highlights the need to understand the implications of declining user capabilities and to help elders live full, autonomous lives. One of the poorly understood issues is that of packaging openability. The aim of this study is to develop an understanding of packaging openability from older Chinese people’s perspectives, so that packaging designers and manufacturers can address this issue effectively. A survey was conducted to rate the types of household packaging that consumers in the 60+ age group struggle with, covering opening gestures, coping strategies, attitudes towards packaging design and other related issues. The extent …


Global Flows Of Materials: Design Research An D Practice In Architecture, Janet Mcgaw Jun 2016

Global Flows Of Materials: Design Research An D Practice In Architecture, Janet Mcgaw

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper presents a pedagogical approach to teaching architectural studios that begins with spatial and material design research into the socio-cultural consequences of the global flows of building materials. This work responds to the challenge set by architectural theorist, Peg Rawes, to consider ‘relational architectural ecologies’ within design. She has argued that sustainability research in architecture has been siloed within building science and, as a consequence, has been addressed through technological approaches without due consideration to social ‘ecologies’. Students design research work, which innovatively re-imagines sustainable futures, is discussed.


Introduction: Design For Design The Influence And Legacy Of John Heskett, Tore Kristensen, Sylvia Liu Jun 2016

Introduction: Design For Design The Influence And Legacy Of John Heskett, Tore Kristensen, Sylvia Liu

DRS Biennial Conference Series

No abstract provided.


A Design Approach For Risk Communication, The Case Of Type 2 Diabetes, Farzaneh Eftekhari, Tsai Lu Liu Jun 2016

A Design Approach For Risk Communication, The Case Of Type 2 Diabetes, Farzaneh Eftekhari, Tsai Lu Liu

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Type 2 diabetes continues to grow significantly around the world as a result of nutrition transition and obesity. Prevention methods depends on how well individuals at risk adapt to a healthy nutritional lifestyle and increase their physical exercise. It is an emergent situation for diabetes risk communication and education programs specifically in vulnerable societies. This study leverages an interactive platform for diabetes risk communication using human-object interaction. The approach is based on an ‘object-based learning’ method for communicating risk. The designed object has elements to motivate and support the community toward an increase in physical activity and a healthy diet. …


Designing For Sustainability: A Dialogue-Based Approach To The Design Of Food Packaging Experiences., Zoi Stergiadou, Jenny Darzentas, Spyros Bofylatos Jun 2016

Designing For Sustainability: A Dialogue-Based Approach To The Design Of Food Packaging Experiences., Zoi Stergiadou, Jenny Darzentas, Spyros Bofylatos

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Packaging plays a vital role in making products competitive and our lives vibrant and interesting. This paper investigates the design process of food packaging as an artifact that aims to co-create meaning entwined with the values of sustainability through designing propositional artifacts. These are artifacts that embody issues of concern and can help us reflect on their implications. A case study is presented where the aim of communication-through-packaging was to disseminate the values of sustainability in various ways, by informing and motivating consumers to change their buying habits, encourage packaging reuse or upcycling, and embrace authenticity, quality and locality in …


The Firece Green Fire: Vol. 7 Issue 2, Wofford College Environmental Studies Program Jun 2016

The Firece Green Fire: Vol. 7 Issue 2, Wofford College Environmental Studies Program

The Fierce Green Fire

No abstract provided.


Interview With Paul Kilgus, Ben Halpern Jun 2016

Interview With Paul Kilgus, Ben Halpern

Oral History Interviews & Transcripts

No abstract provided.


Diversity, Structure And Convergent Evolution Of The Global Sponge Microbiome, Torsten Thomas, Lucas Moitinho-Silva, Miguel Lurgi, Johannes R. Bjork, Cole Easson, Carmen Astudillo-Garcia, Julie B. Olson, Patrick M. Erwin, Susanna Lopez-Legentil, Heidi Luter, Andia Chaves Fonnegra, Rodrigo Costa, Peter J. Schupp, Laura Steindler, Dirk Erpenbeck, Jack Gilbert, Rob Knight, Gail Ackermann, Jose V. Lopez, Michael W. Taylor, Robert W. Thacker, Jose M. Montoya, Ute Hentschel, Nicole S. Webster Jun 2016

Diversity, Structure And Convergent Evolution Of The Global Sponge Microbiome, Torsten Thomas, Lucas Moitinho-Silva, Miguel Lurgi, Johannes R. Bjork, Cole Easson, Carmen Astudillo-Garcia, Julie B. Olson, Patrick M. Erwin, Susanna Lopez-Legentil, Heidi Luter, Andia Chaves Fonnegra, Rodrigo Costa, Peter J. Schupp, Laura Steindler, Dirk Erpenbeck, Jack Gilbert, Rob Knight, Gail Ackermann, Jose V. Lopez, Michael W. Taylor, Robert W. Thacker, Jose M. Montoya, Ute Hentschel, Nicole S. Webster

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Sponges (phylum Porifera) are early-diverging metazoa renowned for establishing complex microbial symbioses. Here we present a global Porifera microbiome survey, set out to establish the ecological and evolutionary drivers of these host–microbe interactions.We show that sponges are a reservoir of exceptional microbial diversity and major contributors to the total microbial diversity of the world’s oceans. Little commonality in species composition or structure is evident across the phylum, although symbiont communities are characterized by specialists and generalists rather than opportunists. Core sponge microbiomes are stable and characterized by generalist symbionts exhibiting amensal and/or commensal interactions. Symbionts that are phylogenetically unique to …