Digital Commons Network^™

Alterations In Activation, Cytotoxic Capacity And Trafficking Profile Of Peripheral Cd8 T Cells In Young Adult Binge Drinkers, José Luis Zaldivar Fujigaki, América Guadalupe Arroyo Valerio, Juan Carlos Lopez Alvarenga, Esperanza Gabriela Gutiérrez Reyes, David Kershenobich, Joselin Hernández Ruiz

School of Medicine Publications

Background: Excess of alcohol consumption is a public health problem and has documented effects on the immune system of humans and animals. Animal and in vitro studies suggest that alcohol abuse changes CD8 T cell (CD8) characteristics, however it remains unknown if the CD8 profile of binge drinkers is different in terms of activation, trafficking and cytotoxic capacity.

Aim: To analyze the peripheral CD8 cytotoxic capacity, activation and trafficking phenotypic profile of Mexican young adults with regard to alcohol consumption pattern.

Methods: 55 Mexican young adults were stratified as Light (20), Intermediate (18) or Binge drinkers (17) according to their …

The Kynurenine Pathway Of Tryptophan Catabolism And Aids-Associated Kaposi's Sarcoma In Africa, Helen Byakwaga, Peter W. Hunt, Miriam Laker-Oketta, David V. Glidden, Yong Huang, Bosco M. Bwana, Rain Mocello, John Bennett, Victoria Walusansa, Sheila C. Dollard, David R. Bangsberg, Edward K. Mbidde, Jeffrey N. Martin

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background—Other than Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)-associated herpesvirus and CD4+ T cell lymphopenia, the mechanisms responsible for KS in the context of HIV are poorly understood. One recently explored pathway of HIV pathogenesis involves induction of the enzyme indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase-1 (IDO), which catabolizes tryptophan into kynurenine and several other immunologically active metabolites that suppress T cell proliferation. We investigated the role of IDO in the development of KS in HIV disease.

Methods—In a case-control study among untreated HIV-infected Ugandans, cases were adults with KS and controls were without KS. IDO activity was assessed by the ratio of plasma kynurenine to tryptophan …

A Self-Lysis Pathway That Enhances The Virulence Of A Pathogenic Bacterium, Kirsty A. Mcfarland, Emily L. Dolben, Michele Leroux, Tracy K. Kambara, Kathryn Ramsey, Robin Kirkpatrick, Joseph Mougous, Deborah Hogan, Simon Dove

Dartmouth Scholarship

In mammalian cells, programmed cell death (PCD) plays important roles in development, in the removal of damaged cells, and in fighting bacterial infections. Although widespread among multicellular organisms, there are relatively few documented instances of PCD in bacteria. Here we describe a potential PCD pathway in Pseudomonas aeruginosa that enhances the ability of the bacterium to cause disease in a lung infection model. Activation of the system can occur in a subset of cells in response to DNA damage through cleavage of an essential transcription regulator we call AlpR. Cleavage of AlpR triggers a cell lysis program through de-repression of …

Memorializing Lieutenant-Colonel John Mccrae Civic Commemoration And The 100th Anniversary Of “In Flanders Fields”, Debra Nash-Chambers

Canadian Military History

No abstract provided.

Pay No Attention To That Man Behind The Curtain: Concealment, Revelation, And The Question Of Food Safety, Denis W. Stearns

Seattle University Law Review

Despite knowledge that commerce in food is a profit-driven enterprise, the public has consistently put great faith in the wholesomeness and safety of the food being purchased. To some extent, such faith is necessary, even if not always justified. In making the decision to put a bite of food in one’s own mouth, or the mouth of a friend or family member, a form of faith or trust must accompany the act of eating. For who would knowingly eat food suspected to be unsafe? But that is precisely what millions of people do every year, with a great many of …

Bacterially-Based Immune Challenges And Trauma Elicit Terminal Investment In Male Aedes Aegypti, Molly K. Schumacher

Theses and Dissertations

Investment in life history traits such as immune function and reproduction is constrained by finite available resources. A cost-of-immunity trade-off may occur in response to infection when resources are diverted away from reproductive effort and into an immune response. Alternatively, an infected individual may enhance reproductive effort to maximize terminal reproductive success in response to the survival threat inherent to infection (terminal investment). We measured male Aedes aegypti reproductive behavior following inoculations with: living bacteria; killed bacteria as an immune elicitor; and a sham control. Mating competitiveness relative to naïve males was also determined through a binary mate choice experiment …

Ill-Conceived Laws And Exploitative State: Toward Decriminalizing Prostitution In India, Yugank Goyal, Padmanabha Ramanujam

Akron Law Review

Part II describes the history of prostitution in India and shows how the skeletons of morality were reconstructed during colonial rule. It also discusses the lack of strong evidence that prostitute women were treated in the same deplorable way in ancient India as they are today. In Part III, we explore the legal landscape in India concerning prostitution and describe how, even though prostitution is not illegal per se, the associated legislative and enforcement apparatus in India has, in effect, rendered it criminal activity in the eyes of the law. Part IV discusses the forms and players involved in exploitation, …

Rationale, Design And Respondent Characteristics Of The 2013–2014 New York City Health And Nutrition Examination Survey (Nyc Hanes 2013–2014), Lorna E. Thorpe, Carolyn Greene, Amy Freeman, Elisabeth Snell, Jesica S. Rodriguez-Lopez, Martin Frankel, Amado Punsalang Jr., Claudia Chernov, Elizabeth Lurie, Mark Friedman, Ram Koppaka, Sharon E. Perlman

Publications and Research

Purpose. Capacity to monitor non-communicable diseases (NCDs) at state or local levels is limited. Emerging approaches include using biomeasures and electronic health record (EHR) data. In 2004, New York City (NYC) performed a population-based health study on adult residents using biomeasures (NYC Health and Nutrition Examination Study, or NYC HANES), modeled after NHANES. A second NYC HANES was launched in 2013 to examine change over time, evaluate municipal policies, and validate a proposed EHR-based surveillance system. We describe the rationale and methods of NYC HANES 2013–2014.

Methods. NYC HANES was a population-based, cross-sectional survey of NYC adults using three-stage cluster …

Lesion-Specific Immune Response In Granulomas Of Patients With Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Pilot Study, Selvakumar Subbian, Liana Tsenova, Mi-Jeong Kim, Helen C. Wainwright, Annalie Visser, Nirmalya Bandyopadhyay, Joel S. Bader, Petros C. Karakousis, Gabriele B. Murrmann, Linda-Gail Bekker, David G. Russell, Gilla Kaplan

Publications and Research

The formation and maintenance of granulomas is central to the host response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. It is widely accepted that the lungs of patients with tuberculosis (TB) usually contain multiple infection foci, and that the granulomas evolve and differentiate independently, resulting in considerable heterogeneity. Although gene expression profiles of human blood cells have been proposed as biomarkers of Mtb infection and/or active disease, the immune profiles of discrete lesion types has not been studied extensively. Using histology, immunopathology and genome-wide transcriptome analysis, we explored the immunological profile of human lung TB granulomas. We show that although the different …

Epstein–Barr Virus-Encoded Microrna Bart1 Induces Tumour Metastasis By Regulating Pten-Dependent Pathways In Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, L Cai, Y Ye, Q Jiang, Y Chen, Et Al

Peninsula Medical School

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), aetiologically linked to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), is the first human virus found to encode many miRNAs. However, how these viral miRNAs precisely regulate the tumour metastasis in NPC remains obscure. Here we report that EBV-miR-BART1 is highly expressed in NPC and closely associated with pathological and advanced clinical stages of NPC. Alteration of EBV-miR-BART1 expression results in an increase in migration and invasion of NPC cells in vitro and causes tumour metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, EBV-miR-BART1 directly targets the cellular tumour suppressor PTEN. Reduction of PTEN dosage by EBV-miR-BART1 activates PTEN-dependent pathways including PI3K-Akt, FAK-p130Cas and Shc-MAPK/ERK1/2 …

Obama, The Fourteenth Amendment, And The Drug War, Martin D. Carcieri

Akron Law Review

This article is written to help clarify the full range of understanding Obama would bring to a second term.

Specifically, I defend two related, contested theses. My core thesis, to which this article is primarily devoted, is a jurisprudential claim: contrary to state and lower federal court rulings, marijuana prohibition is subject to strict judicial scrutiny under leading relevant U.S. Supreme Court jurisprudence. I support this thesis primarily by showing that under the Fourteenth Amendment, bodily autonomy—i.e., the control over the borders and contents of one’s body burdened by laws like marijuana prohibition—is a fundamental right, and that the Court …

Clinic Connection: Summer 2015, Centracare Clinic

Clinic Connection

• President’s Message: "Changes are a comin"
• Minnesota Legislature addresses shortage of mental health services
• CentraCare, Central Minnesota Mental Health Center explore partnership
• Training helps to reduce binge drinking in patients
• New Scleroderma Support Group
• Introducing our new CentraCare Clinic Specialist
• Reducing Readmissions for Hyperbilirubinemia at St. Cloud Hospital
• Cancer Center Update
• E/M Service on the same day as a procedure
• St. Cloud Hospital recognized as a 100 Top Hospital
• Safety concern for some patients using the ResMed ASV devices and BiPAP AutoSV

Mid-Atlantic Ethics Committee Newsletter, Summer 2015

Mid-Atlantic Ethics Committee Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Development Of A Biosensor-Based Rapid Urine Test For Detection Of Urogenital Schistosomiasis., Kathleen E Mach, Ruchika Mohan, Shailja Patel, Pak Kin Wong, Michael Hsieh, Joseph C Liao

Urology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Progress Notes, Lehigh Valley Health Network

Progress Notes

No abstract provided.

Magnet Attractions, Lehigh Valley Health Network

Magnet Attractions

No abstract provided.

The Greenbook, Faculty Handbook, 2015-2016, Marshall University Academic Affairs

The Greenbook

This book has been published for the faculty of Marshall University for the specified period of time. This book was created by what is now known as Academic Affairs and is for the period of 2015-2016.

Intermingled Klebsiella Pneumoniae Populations Between Retail Meats And Human Urinary Tract Infections, Gregg S. Davis, Kara Waits, Lora Nordstrom, Brett Weaver, Maliha Aziz, Lance B. Price, +8 Additional Authors

Environmental and Occupational Health Faculty Publications

Background. Klebsiella pneumoniae is a common colonizer of the gastrointestinal tract of humans, companion animals, and livestock. To better understand potential contributions of foodborne K. pneumoniae to human clinical infections, we compared K. pneumoniae isolates from retail meat products and human clinical specimens to assess their similarity based on antibiotic resistance, genetic relatedness, and virulence.

Methods. Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated from retail meats from Flagstaff grocery stores in 2012 and from urine and blood specimens from Flagstaff Medical Center in 2011–2012. Isolates underwent antibiotic susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing. Genetic relatedness of the isolates was assessed using multilocus sequence typing …

Neurocysticercosis, Abigail Hill

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is one of the most common parasitic infections of the central nervous system in humans and is the most serious clinical manifestation of cysticercosis. NCC is caused by the ingestion of the larval form of the pork tapeworm Taenia solium. NCC is endemic in low income developing countries where pigs are commonly raised, including the countries of Central America, South America, and parts of Africa and Asia. (Naddaf, Seeger, & Stafstrom, 2014). The parasite Taenia solium encysts in the brain and can express a broad range of symptoms including seizures, headache, hydrocephalus, encephalitis, stroke and mental health and …

Two-Strain Ecoepidemic Systems: The Obligated Mutualism Case, Chiara Bosica, Alessandra De Rossi, Noemi Lucia Fatibene, Matteo Sciarra, Ezio Venturino

Applied Mathematics & Information Sciences

We present a model for obligated mutualistic associations, in which two transmissible diseases are allowed to infect just one population. As the general model proves too hard to be fully analytically investigated, some special cases are analysed. Among our findings, the coexistence of the two strains does not appear possible, under the model assumptions. Furthermore, in particularly unfavorable circumstances the ecosystem may disappear. In this respect, an accurate computation of the basin of attraction of the origin is provided using novel techniques. For this obligated mutualistic system the presence of the diseases appears to be less relevant than in many …

Topological Properties Of The Optical Operator Reconfiguration Network, Wang Xianchao, Zuo Kaizhong

Applied Mathematics & Information Sciences

We present a first study on the reconfigurability of optical operators in the optical computing platform, ternary optical computer (TOC), from the viewpoint of complex network. In the optical operator reconfiguration network (OORN), vertexes stand for the basic operating units (BOUs) and the optical operators, and directed edges indicate the dynamic reconfiguration relations between BOUs and operators. We find that the OORN has small-world pattern and scale-free feature as other complex networks. In order to describe the clustering property of the OORN, we propose an approach for characterizing the OORN by introducing a new numerical feature, density of vertex. Its …

Chagas Disease: Immigrating Into The United States, Angela Metzger

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Chagas Disease is starting to make a profound entrance into our communities within the United States. The influx of the immigrant population is the principal cause of the accumulation in the number of reported cases. (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). The Trypanosoma cruzi is a parasite that causes Chagas disease. The triatomine blood sucking insect enjoys the mucosal membranes of their pray, both humans and animals. The most common regions of the penetrating bite are the conjunctiva of the eye or around the mouth. It is through the feces of the vector entering the inoculation site that initiates …

Exploring The Pathophysiological Concepts Of Ebola Virus, Andrew T. Wasson

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

The Ebola virus is a member of the filoviridae family. Five distinctive species of ebolavirus have been identified, four of which are known to cause disease in humans (Martines, Ng, Greer, Rollin, and Zaki, 2014). The specific species known to cause disease in humans are Zaire, Sudan, Ivory Coast, and Bundibugyo (Bray & Chertow, 2014). Bah et al. (2015) report that the Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV) was the cause of the most recent West African outbreak and carries the highest human mortality rate among the five known species, with up to 90% of cases being fatal. Ebola is a filamentous, enveloped, …

Chikungunya Virus: More Than A Mosquito Bite, Abigail Shaw

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Chikungunya fever is a viral infection caused by the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Although seldom fatal, CHIKV causes high fevers, polyarthralgia, and rash. The mosquito-borne virus has spread rapidly in the last ten years, causing over three million cases of CHIKV worldwide (Powers, 2015). The recent outbreak initiated in Africa and the islands of the Indian Ocean in 2004 has quickly spread to Asia, Europe and the Americas (CDC, 2015). According to the CDC (2015), until 2014, cases in the United States had only been linked to foreign travel outside of the Americas. As the outbreak has grown, cases of local …

Lyme Disease, Jared Hostetler

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Lyme disease is the most common vector borne illness found in the United States. Each year 30,000 people are diagnosed with the disease, with many more cases going unreported (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). The vector responsible for spreading the disease is the deer tick. The infection itself is caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. This bacteria is transmitted through the saliva from the bite of a deer tick. Diagnosis can be challenging due to the fact that multiple systems of the body can be affected with different severities. Early diagnosis and treatment is critical in the prevention …

Lyme Disease: A Tick’S Risky Bite, Jana Keller

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Lyme Disease is a bacterial infection transmitted primarily by the deer tick and is commonly seen in the United States. It is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, which is a spirochete (Pearson, 2014). Lyme disease’s prevalence is confirmed by the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions whom estimates that 30,000 people per year are diagnosed with Lyme disease in the Unites States (Moore, 2015). It is imperative that primary health care workers (such as Nurse Practitioners) are familiar with this disease and the early signs and symptoms. If early signs and symptoms go unnoticed or misdiagnosed …

Chikungunya Virus: A Case Study Of The Emerging Vector-Borne Disease, Lindsay D. Sullivan

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

The Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has spread like a wildfire in the Americas. Since its emergence in Sub-Saharan Africa as early at the 18th century, CHIKV has caused many isolated outbreaks in Africa, Southeast Asia, and Australia. Over the last decade, the vector-borne disease has inflicted millions of people on islands in the Indian Ocean, India, and now the Americas with the aid of viral mutations and international travel (Weaver and Lecuit, 2015). The first case of local CHIKV transmission in the Western Hemisphere was fairly recent. On the island of St. Martin in October 2013, an individual carrying an Asian …

Tuberculosis, Lindsay Mackey

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and mostly affects the lungs and sometimes other organs such as the kidneys, spine, and brain (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). In 2013, the CDC (2015) estimated that approximately 9 million people were infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis worldwide and approximately 1.5 million deaths were a result of TB. Tuberculosis is an airborne infection which can be spread through the air from an infected individuals cough, sneeze, or speech. Individuals infected with TB can either have latent or active stage. Latent TB is when an individual becomes infected …

Congenital Cytomegalovirus (Cmv), Patty Fleming

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common herpes virus infection that is usually harmless and belongs to a group of herpes viruses that includes the herpes simplex viruses, varicella-zoster virus (which causes chickenpox and shingles), and the Epstein-Barr virus (which causes infectious mononucleosis). Once CMV is in a person's body, it stays there throughout their life. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010). CMV is shed in various bodily secretions, especially urine and saliva (Congenital Cytomegalovirus Foundation, 2014). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the majority of otherwise healthy children and adults infected with CMV are asymptomatic while …

Stability Analysis And Optimal Control Of A Malaria Model With Larvivorous Fish As Biological Control Agent, S. Athithan, Mini Ghosh

Applied Mathematics & Information Sciences

This paper presents a non-linear mathematical model of malaria by considering the human reservoir and larvivorous fishes. The different equilibria of the model are computed and stability of these equilibria is investigated in-detail. Also, the basic reproduction number R0 of the model is computed and we observe that the model exhibits backward bifurcation for some set of parameters implying the existence of multiple endemic equilibria for R0 < 1. This existence of multiple endemic equilibria emphasizes the fact that R0 < 1 is not sufficient to eradicate the disease from the population and the need is to lower R0 much below one to make the disease-free equilibrium to be globally stable. The numerical simulation is performed to support analytical findings and the presented results show meaningful agreement. Additionally, the model is extended to incorporate optimal control by introducing the ‘insecticide control’ to control the mosquito population and Pontryagin’s maximum principle[1] is used to analyze the optimal control model. Here too the numerical simulation is performed to demonstrate the effect of optimal control.