Digital Commons Network^™

An Inactivated Vaccine Made From A U.S. Field Isolate Of Porcine Epidemic Disease Virus Is Immunogenic In Pigs As Demonstrated By A Dose-Titration, Emily A. Collin, Srivishnupriya Anbalagan, Faten Okda, Ron Bateman, Eric A. Nelson, Ben M. Hause

Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Faculty Publications

Background: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a highly pathogenic and transmissible virus in swine, was first detected in the U.S. in May, 2013, and has caused tremendous losses to the swine industry. Due to the difficulty in isolating and growing this virus in cell culture, few vaccine studies using cell culture propagated PEDV have been performed on U.S. strains in pigs. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the humoral immune response to the selected inactivated PEDV vaccine candidate in a dose-titration manner.
Results: PEDV was isolated from a pig with diarrhea and complete genome sequencing found >99% …

Sequential Dengue Virus Infections Detected In Active And Passive Surveillance Programs In Thailand, 1994–2010, Piraya Bhoomiboonchoo, Ananda Nisalak, Natkamol Chansatiporn, In-Kyu Yoon, Siripen Kalayanarooj, Mathuros Thipayamongkolgul, Timothy Endy, Alan L. Rothman, Sharone Green, Anon Srikiatkhachorn, Darunee Buddhari, Mammen P. Mammen, Robert V. Gibbons

Institute for Immunology and Informatics Faculty Publications

Background:

The effect of prior dengue virus (DENV) exposure on subsequent heterologous infection can be beneficial or detrimental depending on many factors including timing of infection. We sought to evaluate this effect by examining a large database of DENV infections captured by both active and passive surveillance encompassing a wide clinical spectrum of disease.

Methods:

We evaluated datasets from 17 years of hospital-based passive surveillance and nine years of cohort studies, including clinical and subclinical DENV infections, to assess the outcomes of sequential heterologous infections. Chi square or Fisher’s exact test was used to compare proportions of infection outcomes such …

Targeted Estimation And Inference For The Sample Average Treatment Effect, Laura B. Balzer, Maya L. Petersen, Mark J. Van Der Laan

U.C. Berkeley Division of Biostatistics Working Paper Series

While the population average treatment effect has been the subject of extensive methods and applied research, less consideration has been given to the sample average treatment effect: the mean difference in the counterfactual outcomes for the study units. The sample parameter is easily interpretable and is arguably the most relevant when the study units are not representative of a greater population or when the exposure's impact is heterogeneous. Formally, the sample effect is not identifiable from the observed data distribution. Nonetheless, targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE) can provide an asymptotically unbiased and efficient estimate of both the population and sample …

Adenovirus Entry From The Apical Surface Of Polarized Epithelia Is Facilitated By The Host Innate Immune Response, Poornima L.N. Kotha, Priyanka Sharma, Abimbola O. Kolawole, Ran Yan, Mahmoud Alghamri, Trisha L. Brockman, Julian Gomez-Cambronero, Julian Cambronero

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Prevention of viral-induced respiratory disease begins with an understanding of the factors that increase or decrease susceptibility to viral infection. The primary receptor for most adenoviruses is the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR), a cell-cell adhesion protein normally localized at the basolateral surface of polarized epithelia and involved in neutrophil transepithelial migration. Recently, an alternate isoform of CAR, CAREx8, has been identified at the apical surface of polarized airway epithelia and is implicated in viral infection from the apical surface. We hypothesized that the endogenous role of CAR^Ex8 may be to facilitate host innate immunity. We show that IL-8, …

Relationship Between Heat-Labile Enterotoxin Secretion Capacity And Virulence In Wild Type Porcine-Origin Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli Strains, Prageeth Wijemanne, Jun Xing, Emil M. Berberov, David B. Marx, David H. Francis, Rodney A. Moxley

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) is an important virulence factor secreted by some strains of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). The prototypic human-origin strain H10407 secretes LT via a type II secretion system(T2SS). We sought to determine the relationship between the capacity to secrete LT and virulence in porcine-origin wild type (WT) ETEC strains. Sixteen WT ETEC strains isolated from cases of severe diarrheal disease were analyzed by GM1ganglioside enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay tomeasure LT concentrations in culture supernatants. All strains had detectable LT in supernatants by 2 h of culture and 1 strain, which was particularly virulent in gnotobiotic piglets (3030-2), had …

Vertebral Sarcoidosis Presenting As Herniated Disk Disease Refractory To Epidural Steroid Treatment, Dhwani Pandya Md, Michael Kalil Do, Stacey Smith Md

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

Associating Locations With Healthcare Events, Daniel Klein, Dean Jackson

Defensive Publications Series

The disclosed subject matter relates to computer implemented methods for associating locations with healthcare events. In one aspect, a method includes receiving location data from a location-aware client device. The location data includes latitude and longitude information. The method further includes determining, based on the received location data, a routine travel pattern of a user associated with the location-aware client device. The method further includes detecting an anomaly in the routine travel pattern. The method further includes detecting a healthcare event. The healthcare event can be a visit to a healthcare facility and/or a healthcare transaction. The method further includes …

Perception Of Safety, Importance, And Effectiveness Of Vaccinations Among Urban School Employees In Utah, Karlen E. Luthy, Kim E. Thompson, Renea L. Beckstrand, Janelle L B Macintosh, Lacey M. Eden

Faculty Publications

Purpose: School employees are in direct contact with children in confined areas, a setting in which communicable infection can quickly spread. Therefore, it is important for school employees to be fully vaccinated. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the current vaccination status and perceptions of school employees in an urban school district.

Data Sources: The study employed a nonexperimental mixed-method design. School employee participants (N = 1,400) completed a questionnaire to evaluate vaccination status, availability of vaccination records, and vaccination awareness. Participants were randomly selected from 85 schools within one urban school district.

Conclusions: Two common perceptions about …

International Lgbt Health Leader To Visit Uab, Deliver Medical Grand Rounds, Jim Bakken

Browse All News

No abstract provided.

Session 2c, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• Investigating the Recent Invasion of Silver Carp (Hypopthalmicthys molitrix) into Kentucky Lake, Utilizing Diet and Long Term Data Analysis, Ben Tumolo and Michael B. Flinn, Hancock Biological Station, Murray State University, Murray, KY
• Assessment of Chytrid Fungus (Bactrachochytrium dendrobatidis) Occurrence and Prevalence in Plethodontid Salamanders Across a Forest Disturbance Gradient in Southeastern Kentucky, Sarah M. Hamilton and others, Forestry Department, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
• Strain Diversity in the Fecal Indicator Escherichia coli: Implications for its Use as a Produce Pathogen Surrogate, Ethan Givan and others, USDA-ARS, Bowling Green, KY

Impact Of Antimalarial Treatment And Chemoprevention On The Drug Sensitivity Of Malaria Parasites Isolated From Ugandan Children, Patrick Tumwebaze, Melissa D. Conrad, Andrew Walakira, Norbert Leclair, Oswald Byaruhanga, Christine Nakazibwe, Benjamin Kozak, Jessica Bloome, Jaffer Okiring, Abel Kakuru, Victor Bigira, James Kapisi, Jennifer Legac, Jiri Gut, Roland A. Cooper, Moses R. Kamya, Diane V. Havlir, Grant Dorsey, Bryan Greenhouse, Samuel L. Nsobya, Philip J. Rosenthal

Collected Faculty Scholarship

Changing treatment practices may be selecting for changes in the drug sensitivity of malaria parasites. We characterized ex vivo drug sensitivity and parasite polymorphisms associated with sensitivity in 459 Plasmodium falciparum samples obtained from subjects enrolled in two clinical trials in Tororo, Uganda, from 2010 to 2013. Sensitivities to chloroquine and monodesethylamodiaquine varied widely; sensitivities to quinine, dihydroartemisinin, lumefantrine, and piperaquine were generally good. Associations between ex vivo drug sensitivity and parasite polymorphisms included decreased chloroquine and monodesethylamodiaquine sensitivity and increased lumefantrine and piperaquine sensitivity with pfcrt 76T, as well as increased lumefantrine sensitivity with pfmdr1 86Y, Y184, and 1246Y. …

P-23 Variations In Microbiota Of Culex (Melanoconion) Ocossa And Culex (Culex) Declaratoracross Periurban And Rural Environments, M. Nelson Starkey

Honors Scholars & Undergraduate Research Poster Symposium Programs

Mosquitoes serve as the primary mode of transmission for many tropical infections such as Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, dengue virus, and malaria. Therefore, mosquitoes are an important area of study for disease control. This study examined the differences in gut microbiota of Culex melanoconion species across two different habitats: periurban and rural. Mosquitoes were collected from locations around Iquitos, Peru and their gut bacterial DNA was extracted and analyzed. Based on previous studies it is believed that the bacterial flora will differ among mosquitoes reared in different locations.

Teaching 21st Century Reasoning Skills Through An Authentic Interdisciplinary Stem Research Experience, Deborah Walker, Robert Mayes Dr.

Interdisciplinary STEM Teaching & Learning Conference (2012-2019) (Archived)

This session will highlight the work of the Real STEM grant awarded to Dr. Robert Mayes, COE Research Professor and Director of Georgia Southern University’s Institute for Interdisciplinary STEM Education. Real STEM is an Innovation Fund grant supported by the Governor’s Office of Student Achievement (GOSA). Real STEM is developing partnerships between middle and high schools throughout southeast Georgia, Research Institutes, business/industry, experts in STEM fields, and university STEM faculty in order to develop interdisciplinary STEM scientific research experiences for students. This session will discuss how teachers are using Place-based Education, Problem Based Learning and Understanding by Design pedagogy to …

Prolonged-Acting, Multi-Targeting Gallium Nanoparticles Potently Inhibit Growth Of Both Hiv And Mycobacteria In Co-Infected Human Macrophages., Prabagaran Narayanasamy, Barbara L. Switzer, Bradley E. Britigan

Journal Articles: Pathology and Microbiology

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) are responsible for two of the major global human infectious diseases that result in significant morbidity, mortality and socioeconomic impact. Furthermore, severity and disease prevention of both infections is enhanced by co-infection. Parallel limitations also exist in access to effective drug therapy and the emergence of resistance. Furthermore, drug-drug interactions have proven problematic during treatment of co-incident HIV and TB infections. Thus, improvements in drug access and simplified treatment regimens are needed immediately. One of the key host cells infected by both HIV and TB is the mononuclear phagocyte (MP; monocyte, …

Elevated Hypertension Risk For African-Origin Populations In Biracial Societies: Modeling The Epidemiologic Transition Study, Richard S. Cooper, Terrence E. Forrester, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Pascal Bovet, Estelle V. Lambert, Lara R. Dugas, Kathryn E. Cargill, Ramon A. Durazo-Arvizu, David A. Shoham, Liping Tong, Guichan Cao, Amy Luke

Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVES:: Blood pressures in persons of African descent exceed those of other racial/ethnic groups in the United States. Whether this trait is attributable to the genetic factors in African-origin populations, or a result of inadequately measured environmental exposures, such as racial discrimination, is not known. To study this question, we conducted a multisite comparative study of communities in the African diaspora, drawn from metropolitan Chicago, Kingston, Jamaica, rural Ghana, Cape Town, South Africa, and the Seychelles. METHODS:: At each site, 500 participants between the age of 25 and 49 years, with approximately equal sex balance, were enrolled for a longitudinal …

2015-March-06-Kingsport Alliance For Continued Learning, University Marketing And Communications, East Tennessee State University

ETSU News

No abstract provided.

Paper And Flexible Substrates As Materials For Biosensing Platforms To Detect Multiple Biotargets, Umut A. Gurkan

Faculty Scholarship

The need for sensitive, robust, portable and inexpensive biosensing platforms is of significant interest in clinical applications for disease diagnosis and treatment monitoring at the point-of-care (POC) settings. Rapid, accurate POC diagnostic assays play a crucial role in developing countries, where there are limited laboratory infrastructure, trained personnel and financial support. However, current diagnostic assays commonly require long assay time, sophisticated infrastructure and expensive reagents that are not compatible with resource-constrained settings. Although paper and flexible material-based platform technologies provide alternative approaches to develop POC diagnostic assays for broad applications in medicine, they have technical challenges integrating to different detection …

Hemochromatosis: Niche Construction And The Genetic Domino Effect In The European Neolithic, John M. Mccullough, Kathleen M. Heath, Alexis M. Smith

Human Biology Open Access Pre-Prints

Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is caused by a potentially lethal recessive gene (HFE, C282Y allele) that increases iron absorption and reaches polymorphic levels in Northern European populations. Because persons carrying the allele absorb iron more readily than non-carriers, it has often been suggested HFE is an adaptation to anemia. We hypothesize positive selection for HFE began during or after the European Neolithic with the adoption of an iron-deficient high grain and dairying diet and consequent anemia, a finding confirmed in Neolithic and later European skeletons. HFE frequency compared with rate of lactase persistence in Eurasia yields a positive linear …

Dynamics Of Marine Bacterial Community Diversity Of The Coastal Waters Of The Reefs, Inlets, And Wastewater Outfalls Of Southeast Florida, Alexandra Mandina Campbell, Jay Fleisher, Christopher D. Sinigalliano, James R. White, Jose V. Lopez

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Coastal waters adjacent to populated southeast Florida possess different habitats (reefs, oceanic inlets, sewage outfalls) that may affect the composition of their inherent microbiomes. To determine variation according to site, season, and depth, over the course of 1 year, we characterized the bacterioplankton communities within 38 nearshore seawater samples derived from the Florida Area Coastal Environment (FACE) water quality survey. Six distinct coastal locales were profiled – the Port Everglades and Hillsboro Inlets, Hollywood and Broward wastewater outfalls, and associated reef sites using culture-independent, high-throughput pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA V4 region. More than 227,000 sequences helped describe longitudinal taxonomic …

A Portable Automatic Endpoint Detection System For Amplicons Of Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification On Microfluidic Compact Disk Platform, Fatimah Ibrahim, S.M. Uddin, A.A. Sayad, K.X. Pei, A. Thiha, M.S. Mohktar, U. Hashim, J. Cho, Kwai Lin Thong

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

In recent years, many improvements have been made in foodborne pathogen detection methods to reduce the impact of food contamination. Several rapid methods have been developed with biosensor devices to improve the way of performing pathogen detection. This paper presents an automated endpoint detection system for amplicons generated by loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) on a microfluidic compact disk platform. The developed detection system utilizes a monochromatic ultraviolet (UV) emitter for excitation of fluorescent labeled LAMP amplicons and a color sensor to detect the emitted florescence from target. Then it processes the sensor output and displays the detection results on …

The Charitable Deduction Games: Catching Change

Georgia State University Law Review

No abstract provided.

Hla Class I Supertype Associations With Clinical Outcome Of Secondary Dengue Virus Infections In Ethnic Thais, Sasijit Vejbaesya, Rungrot Thongpradit, Siripen Kalayanarooj, Komon Luangtrakool, Panpimon Luangtrakool, Robert V. Gibbons, Duangporn Srinak, Somporn Ngammthaworn, Kusuma Apisawes, In-Kyu Yoon, Stephen J. Thomas, Richard G. Jarman, Anon Srikiakthachorn, Sharone Green, Dasnayanee Chandanayingyong, Sangshin Park, Jennifer Friedman, Alan Rothman, Henry A.F. Stephens

Institute for Immunology and Informatics Faculty Publications

Background: HLA supertypes are groups of functionally related alleles that present structurally similar antigens to the immune system. Despite many reports of HLA allele associations with dengue, there have to date been no studies of HLA supertype associations with disease.

Objectives: To analyse HLA class I supertypes in hospitalised Thai children with acute dengue illness.

Methods: 762 patients and population-matched controls recruited predominantly in Bangkok were HLA-A and –B typed. HLA supertype frequencies were compared and tested for significant dengue disease associations using logistic regression analyses. Final multivariable models were built by conducting forward stepwise selection procedures.

Results: In the …

Microdemographic Determinants Of Population Recovery Among The Northern Ache, Jack D. Baker Jr, Kim Hill, A. Magdalena Hurtado, Adelamar Alcantara, Eddie Hunsinger, Webb Sprague

Human Biology Open Access Pre-Prints

A pattern of population crash and rapid recovery is a common feature of the pacification and settlement experience of the Indigenous Peoples of tropical South America. In spite of the obvious importance of these events to the demographic and anthropological sciences as a whole, as well as their significant practical implications, little is known about the microdemographic determinants of these paired phenomena. Utilizing methods of asymptotic and stochastic demographic analysis, we reconstruct the microdemographic drivers of this history among one Indigenous population: the Northern Ache of Eastern Paraguay. We then explore the implications of these relationships for understanding the overall …

Study Shows Longer-Term Cmv Treatment Effective For Symptomatic Babies, Jim Bakken

Browse All News

No abstract provided.

Trading Goats And Birthing Babies In Nepal, Jody Record

UNH Today Archive

No abstract provided.

Environmental Impacts On Life History In Container Breeding Mosquitoes, Kathleen May Westby

Theses and Dissertations

In this dissertation I explore different ways that the environment impacts life history in mosquitoes in ways that may alter vectorial capacity. In chapter I, I tested if short-term sugar deprivation experienced after exposure to La Crosse virus altered infection rates in Aedes albopictus and if sugar treatment and virus infection status altered blood feeding behavior and fecundity. I found no evidence that sugar deprivation impacted infection rates or fecundity. Sugar deprivation did increase blood feeding. There was no effect of infection status on blood feeding or fecundity. In chapter II, I tested for effects of seasonal cues (temperature and …

Ada News - 03/02/2015, American Dental Association, Publishing Division

ADA News

Established in 1970 as the official newspaper of the American Dental Association, the ADA News serves practicing dentists and others allied to the dental profession in the U.S. and internationally. It is the No. 1 source of news and information about the many benefits and services the ADA delivers to members daily as well as timely information on scientific, social, political and economic developments affecting dentistry and health care.

Climate Variability And Human Migration In The Netherlands, 1865-1937, Julia Jennings, Clark L. Gray

Anthropology Faculty Scholarship

Human migration is frequently cited as a potential social outcome of climate change and variability, and these effects are often assumed to be stronger in the past when economies were less developed and markets more localized. Yet, few studies have used historical data to test the relationship between climate and migration directly. In addition, the results of recent studies that link demographic and climate data are not consistent with conventional narratives of displacement responses. Using longitudinal individual-level demographic data from the Historical Sample of the Netherlands (HSN) and climate data that cover the same period, we examine the effects of …

Discovering Your Family's Neighborhood, Anna Fredricks, Ruth Johnson

Swedish American Genealogist

No abstract provided.

Knowledge And Attitudes Of College Students Concerning Hiv/Aids, Anita Ihuwan

2015 Awards for Excellence in Student Research and Creative Activity - Documents

The purpose of this study was to learn more about the knowledge and attitudes of college students concerning HIV/AIDS. Further investigation of this topic sought to provide insight into the perspective of college students. This study utilized a convenience sample of 25 students at a Midwestern university. Participants were administered questionnaires featuring questions concerning their knowledge and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS. Findings indicated that although the majority of participants believed they were well educated about HIV/AIDS, their response to knowledge questions showed otherwise. Findings also indicated that students would like to see more HIV programming on their campus. The implications of …