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Fighting Microbial Drug Resistance: A Primer On The Role Of Evolutionary Biology In Public Health, Gabriel Perron, R. Inglis, Pleuni Pennings, Sarah Cobey

Biology Department Faculty Works

Although microbes have been evolving resistance to antimicrobials for millennia, the spread of resistance in pathogen populations calls for the development of new drugs and treatment strategies. We propose that successful, long-term resistance management requires a better understanding of how resistance evolves in the first place. This is an opportunity for evolutionary biologists to engage in public health, a collaboration that has substantial precedent. Resistance evolution has been an important tool for developing and testing evolutionary theory, especially theory related to the genetic basis of new traits and constraints on adaptation. The present era is no exception. The articles in …

Development Of A Passive Liquid Valve (Plv) Utilizing A Pressure Equilibrium Phenomenon On The Centrifugal Microfluidic Platform, W. Al-Faqheri, Fatimah Ibrahim, T.H.G. Thio, N. Bahari, Hamzah Arof, Hussin A. Rothan, Rohana Yusof, M. Madou

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

In this paper, we propose an easy-to-implement passive liquid valve (PLV) for the microfluidic compact-disc (CD). This valve can be implemented by introducing venting chambers to control the air flow of the source and destination chambers. The PLV mechanism is based on equalizing the main forces acting on the microfluidic CD (i.e., the centrifugal and capillary forces) to control the burst frequency of the source chamber liquid. For a better understanding of the physics behind the proposed PLV, an analytical model is described. Moreover, three parameters that control the effectiveness of the proposed valve, i.e., the liquid height, liquid density, …

Re-Recurrent Dermatofibrosarcomaprotuberans Of The Chest Wall., Niaz Hussain, Mujtaba Zaki Naveed, Ghulam H

Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care

Dermatofibrosarcomaprotuberans is a rare, soft tissue tumour with high rate of recurrence. It is locally aggressive, with a low rate of metastasis. We describe the case of a 42 year old man who presented with a re-recurrent, large tumour situated on the anterior chest wall in the sternal region. We did a wide local excision and covered the resulting defect by using bilateral, pectoralis major myocutaneous flaps. Histopathology and immunohistochemical staining findings were consistent with the diagnosis of Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberance. Post operatively the patient was treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

Book Review: Farmer, Paul. 2006. "Aids And Accusation: Haiti And The Geography Of Blame." Berkeley: University Of California Press, Emily Belanus

Spectrum

No abstract provided.

Exploring The Antibacterial, Antioxidant, And Anticancerproperties Of Lichen Metabolites, Gajendra Shrestha

Theses and Dissertations

Natural products have been a significant source of new drugs, especially in treating cancer, infectious diseases, hypertension, and neurological disorders. Although many natural metabolites have been screened and yielded pharmaceutically important drugs, many potential sources of natural product drug therapies still need to be investigated, including lichens. Lichens are symbiotic systems consisting of a filamentous fungus and a photosynthetic partner (an eukaryotic alga and/or cyanobacterium). Lichens produce an impressive variety of unique secondary compounds and have been used as ingredients in folk medicines for centuries. Demonstrated biological roles based on lichen chemistry include: antibiotics, anti-proliferative, antioxidants, anti-HIV, anti-cancer, immunomodulation, and …

Labrad : Vol 41, Issue 1 - March 2015, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi

LABRAD - Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Radiology Archives

• An Overview of Proficiency Testing
• Sources of Pre-analytical Variations
• Five Q-Framework for Implementing Total Quality Management in Laboratory
• Delta Check in Clinical Laboratory
• Indicators of Quality Improvement in Surgical Pathology
• Types of Analytical Errors
• Method Validation for Quantitative Tests: CAP Recommendations
• Levey Jenning Chart and a Guide to Use Westgard Rules
• Quality Control of Vitek-2 System
• Establishing Quality Control Values for Haematology Parameters

Digest Of The Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine (Spring 2015), Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine

Digest

The Spring 2015 issue of the Digest of the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine includes the following articles:

• Message from the President
• PCOM Updates
• Development News
• Institutional Announcement: Farewell to Paul W. McGloin, CPA, LLD (Hon.)
• Institutional Heritage: Founders’ Day 2015
• Feature: The Healing Touch – Health Advocacy without Borders
• Bringing Hope and Care to Ukrainians – Zenia Chernyk, DO ’77
• Helping Victims of Human Trafficking in India – Winson T. George, PhD, DO ’09
• Hands-on in Haiti – Shelly Chvotzkin, DO ’02
• Class Notes
• My Turn

New Functionally-Enhanced Soy Proteins As Food Ingredients With Anti-Viral Activity, Aizhan Sabirzhanovna Turmagambetova, Nadezhda Sergeevna Sokolova, Andrey Pavlinovich Bogoyavlenskiy, Vladimir Eleazvich Berezin, Mary Ann Lila, Diana M. Cheng, Vyacheslav Dushenkov

Publications and Research

Respiratory viruses are a major public health problem because of their prevalence and high morbidity rate leading to considerable social and economic implications. Cranberry has therapeutic potential attributed to a comprehensive list of phytochemicals including anthocyanins, flavonols, and unique A-type proanthocyanidins. Soy flavonoids, including isoflavones, have demonstrated anti-viral effects in vitro and in vivo. Recently, it was demonstrated that edible proteins can efficiently sorb and concentrate cranberry polyphenols, including anthocyanins and proanthocyanins, providing greatly stabilized matrices suitable for food products. The combination of cranberry and soy phytoactives may be an effective dietary anti-viral resource. Anti-viral properties of both cranberry juice-enriched …

Ink (2015 Spring/Summer, Culture Cover)

Ink, 2008-

The student-run features magazine covering the fashion, art, music and culture worlds at VCU and in Richmond. Published annually in print and updated regularly online. This issue had two covers.

Life Line March 2015, Otterbein Biology And Earth Science Department

Life Line - The Biology Department Newsletter

Trees - Erin Miller '97, Young Alumni Award Winner - Dave Sheridan joins the faculty - Melinda S. Phinney MD Award - OU Heritage Dr. of Osteopathy Early Assurance Program - China Visit

March 2015 News Releases, University Of Montana--Missoula. Office Of University Relations

University of Montana News Releases, 1928, 1956-present

No abstract provided.

First Record Of A Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia Sp. And Theileria Annulata In Hyalomma Dromedarii (Acari: Ixodidae) Ticks In The United Arab Emirates, Mohammad Ali Al-Deeb, Sabir Bin Muzaffar, Yousif Ali Abu-Zeid, Mohamed Rizk Enan, Shahid Karim

Faculty Publications

Rickettsiosis and theileriosis can cause mortalities in camel populations. This study was conducted to achieve 2 objectives: (1) to detect the presence of SFG Rickettsia sp. and Theileria sp. in Hyalomma dromedarii Koch, 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks and (2) to determine their prevalence in the tick population on the sampled camel farms in Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates (UAE). Camel ticks (H. dromedarii) were collected from a total of 625 one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) in 22 sampling locations in Al-Ain, UAE. Tick samples were analyzed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). An SFG Rickettsia sp., which was 99% …

Evaluation Of The Benefits And Risks Of Introducing Ebola Community Care Centers, Sierra Leone, Adam J. Kucharski, Anton Camacho, Francesco Checchi, Ronald J. Waldman, Rebecca F. Grais, Jean-Clement Cabrol, Sylvie Briand, Marc Baguelin, Stefan Flasche, Sebastian Funk, W. John Edmunds

Global Health Faculty Publications

In some parts of western Africa, Ebola treatment centers (ETCs) have reached capacity. Unless capacity is rapidly scaled up, the chance to avoid a generalized Ebola epidemic will soon diminish. The World Health Organization and partners are considering additional Ebola patient care options, including community care centers (CCCs), small, lightly staffed units that could be used to isolate patients outside the home and get them into care sooner than otherwise possible. Using a transmission model, we evaluated the benefits and risks of introducing CCCs into Sierra Leone’s Western Area, where most ETCs are at capacity. We found that use of …

Editorial, Raj Manchanda

Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy

No abstract provided.

Implementation Of Antimicrobial Stewardship Policies In U.S. Hospitals: Findings From A National Survey., Monika Pogorzelska-Maziarz, Carolyn T A Herzig, Elaine L Larson, E Yoko Furuya, Eli N Perencevich, Patricia W Stone

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVE: To describe the use of antimicrobial stewardship policies and to investigate factors associated with implementation in a national sample of acute care hospitals.

DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey.

PARTICIPANTS: Infection Control Directors from acute care hospitals participating in the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN).

METHODS: An online survey was conducted in the Fall of 2011. A subset of hospitals also provided access to their 2011 NHSN annual survey data.

RESULTS: Responses were received from 1,015 hospitals (30% response rate). The majority of hospitals (64%) reported the presence of a policy; use of antibiograms and antimicrobial restriction policies were most frequently utilized …

Perceived Occupational Stressors And The Health Software Professionals In Bengaluru, India, Giridhara R. Babu, Sathyanarayana T. N., Asha Ketharam, Snehendu B. Kar, Roger Detels

The Qualitative Report

There is limited research on occupational stress and its relation to health from developing countries such as India. This study was done to evaluate work conditions of professionals in two highly productive sectors: the information technology (IT) sector, also known as software development, and Information Technology Enabled Services (ITES), also known as call centers. The study employed thirty-two in-depth interviews. The results indicate the presence of nine stress domains: job control, autonomy, time pressure, length of experience in industry, night shifts, income, appreciation of work, physical environment, work-environment and affective or emotional factors. Global drivers of demand, and local supply …

Environmental Microbes And Uveitis: Is Microbial Exposure Always Bad?, Chandirasegaran Massilamany, A. Gangaplara, J. Reddy

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The eye generally is considered to be an immune-privileged organ, but this notion is being increasingly challenged as ocular antigens can be expressed in the generative lymphoid organs, resulting in attainment of self-tolerance. What triggers a break in this tolerant state is a fundamental question in autoimmunity research. The general belief is that exposure to environmental microbes can break self-tolerance in genetically susceptible individuals, leading to the induction of autoimmune responses. The molecular mimicry hypothesis has been proposed as one major mechanistic, pathway through which microbes, by generating crossreactive immune responses, can induce ocular damage of the kind that might …

Improved Detection Of Gold Nanoparticle Labels For Paper-Based Analytics, Brian Taylor Daugherty

Master's Theses

Point-of-care diagnostic devices are well-suited, and typically designed, for remote and/or resource-limited environments. The obvious application is for healthcare in the developing world; however, other additional important uses exist, including for security (biothreat agent detection) and human health and research during future manned deep space exploration missions.

The objective of this thesis was to develop, and experimentally validate, techniques for improved quantified detection of labels used in lateral flow assays. Limits of detection were characterized for: (a) optical approaches, i.e., unaided eye, mobile electronic device camera images and microscope images with image analysis software developed through this thesis, and (b) …

Histopathological Changes Caused By The Chronic Effect Of Nitrofurantoin Drug In The Testes Of Albino Mice, Nada F. Abaas, Mukhtar Kh. Haba

Baghdad Science Journal

The present study was conducted to determine histopathological changes caused by chronic effect of Nitrofurantoin(NFT) in The albino mice Testes. The Study included 40 mice were divided on the five groups: the first group taken distilled water and become control group . the remaining group which are exposure with NFT drug in concentration (100-150-200-250) mg / kg, respectively, Doses were given orally for a period (month and two months). The results of histopathological changes included occurrence of congestion in the blood vessel and degeneration of spermatogonia and aggregation of spermatids in the lumen of semineferous tubules and inhibition of spermatogensis …

The Stethoscoop, March 2015, Mennonite College Of Nursing

The Stethoscoop (2013-2017)

The Stethoscoop is the newsletter for Mennonite College of Nursing students.

When Condoms Fail: Making Room Under The Aca Blanket For Prep Hiv Prevention, Jason Potter Burda

San Diego Law Review

Given the alarming upward trend in HIV infection rates and the downward trend in condom usage, the United States needs a new approach to HIV prevention. One such approach, HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis, commonly known as “PrEP,” has the potential to significantly reduce HIV incidence. The FDA recently approved a daily dose of Truvada®—an antiretroviral drug that suppresses the virus in HIV-positive individuals—for daily use by high-risk HIV-negative individuals to prevent infection. Despite an efficacy above ninety percent and significant regulatory momentum, this pharmacological prevention modality has proven difficult to implement. This Article addresses the social, legal, and policy challenges that …

Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Tuberculosis: Implications In Settings With Weak Healthcare Systems, Kauser Jabeen, Sadia Shakoor, Rumina Hasan

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Fluoroquinolones (FQ) play an essential role in the treatment and control of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). They are also being evaluated as part of newer regimens under development for drug-sensitive TB. As newer FQ-based regimens are explored, knowledge of FQ resistance data from high TB burden countries becomes essential. We examine available FQ resistance data from high TB burden countries and demonstrate the need for comprehensive surveys to evaluate FQ resistance in these countries. The factors driving FQ resistance in such conditions and the cost of such resistance to weak healthcare systems are discussed. The need for a comprehensive policy for …

Assessing Usual Care In Clinical Trials, Judith A. Erlen, Lisa K. Tamres, Nancy Reynolds, Carol E. Golin, Marc I. Rosen, Robert H. Remien, Julie W. Banderas, Neil Schneiderman, Glenn Wagner, David Bangsberg, Honghu Liu

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Researchers designing clinical trials often specify usual care received by participants as the control condition expecting that all participants receive usual care regardless of group assignment. The assumption is that the groups in the study are affected similarly. We describe the assessment of usual care within the 16 studies in MACH 14, a multi-site collaboration on adherence to antiretroviral therapy. Only five of the studies in MACH 14 assessed usual care. Assessment protocols varied as did the timing and frequency of assessments. All usual care assessments addressed patient education focused on HIV, HIV medications, and medication adherence. Our findings support …

A Review Of Ototoxic Medications: Implications For Professionals Working With Consumers With Hearing Loss, Shawn P. Saladin Ph.D, Crc, Cpm, Robert B. Perez, Bianca Cruz Pharm.D, Yasar Tasnif Pharm.D, Bcps

JADARA

Rehabilitation Professionals work with a variety of people with various disabilities and disease states. Oftentimes, those disease states are treated with medications. An understanding of the most common types of medications that can cause ototoxicity, such as aminoglycides, cisplatin and loop diuretics can assist in the vocational rehabilitation process. Rehabilitation professionals are encouraged to establish positive communication with the consumers in order to foster a relationship of trust. Furthermore they are encouraged to establish relationships with Pharmacist for an understanding of the implications of commonly used medications on hearing.

Efektivitas Air Perasan Kulit Jeruk Manis Sebagai Larvasida Nyamuk Aedes Aegypti, Dita Nurhaifah, Tri Wahyuni Sukesi

Kesmas

Demam berdarah dengue ditularkan nyamuk Aedes aegypti yang dapat dicegah dengan temefos. Penggunaan yang berkelanjutan berdampak pada resistensi nyamuk dan kerusakan lingkungan. Untuk itu perlu larvasida alami dengan menggunakan air perasan kulit jeruk manis. Tujuan penelitian untuk membuktikan efektivitas air perasan kulit jeruk manis dalam membunuh larva uji dilihat dari nilai LC50 dan LT50 serta perbedaan efektivitasnya dengan temefos. Sampel 25 larva Aedes aegypti setiap gelas media dengan kriteria inklusi instar III yang aktif dan kriteria eksklusi larva instar I, II dan yang telah menjadi pupa/mati. Larva uji diamati selama 24 jam dengan tiga kali pengulangan. Desain penelitian adalah eksperimental …

Model Pengendalian Faktor Risiko Stunting Pada Anak Bawah Tiga Tahun, Erna Kusumawati, Setiyowati Rahardjo, Hesti Permata Sari

Kesmas

Stunting merupakan masalah gizi, terbukti data pemantauan status gizi Kabupaten Banyumas 2012 prevalensi stunting sebesar 28,37% dan prevalensi tertinggi (41,6%) di Puskesmas Kedungbanteng. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis faktor risiko terkait faktor anak, ibu, lingkungan terhadap stunting bawah tiga tahun (batita) agar dapat dikembangkan model pengendaliannya. Penelitian menggunakan desain kasus kontrol, populasi adalah seluruh anak usia 6 sampai 36 bulan di Puskesmas Kedungbanteng Kabupaten Banyumas selama enam bulan tahun 2013. Sampel kasus adalah 50 batita stunting, sampel kontrol adalah 50 batita status normal. Teknik pengambilan sampel kasus diambil dari tujuh desa yang terbanyak stuntingnya, sedangkan kontrol adalah batita normal tetangga terdekat …

Diabetes Melitus Dan Tingkat Keparahan Jaringan Periodontal, Rikawarastuti Rikawarastuti, Eka Anggreni, Ngatemi Ngatemi

Kesmas

Penyakit periodontal merupakan masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut dengan prevalensi cukup tinggi di Indonesia (60%). Diabetes melitus merupakan salah satu faktor predisposisi terjadinya penyakit periodontal. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis hubungan diabetes melitus terhadap tingkat keparahan jaringan periodontal. Jenis penelitian observasional analitik potong lintang. Penelitian dilakukan di Puskesmas Kecamatan Jagakarsa Jakarta Selatan pada bulan Oktober - November 2014 dengan populasi penelitian adalah pengunjung Puskesmas Kecamatan Jagakarsa. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan simple random sampling sebanyak 122 orang. Status diabetes melitus didapat dari rekam medis poli penyakit tidak menular. Analisis data menggunakan kai kuadrat dan regresi logistik sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proporsi penderita diabetes …

The Parthenon, February 25, 2015, Codi Mohr

The Parthenon

The Parthenon, Marshall University’s student newspaper, is published by students Monday through Friday during the regular semester and weekly Thursday during the summer. The editorial staff is responsible for the news and the editorial content.

Factors Associated With Intention To Receive Influenza And Tetanus, Diphtheria, And Acellular Pertussis (Tdap) Vaccines During Pregnancy: A Focus On Vaccine Hesitancy And Perceptions Of Disease Severity And Vaccine Safety, Allison T. Chamberlain, Katherine Seib, Kevin A. Ault, Walter A. Orenstein, Paula M. Frew, Fauzia Malik, Marielysse Cortés, Pat Cota, Ellen A. S. Whitney, Lisa C. Flowers, Ruth L. Berkelman, Saad B. Omer

Environmental & Global Health Faculty Research

BACKGROUND: Improving influenza and tetanus, diphtheria and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine coverage among pregnant women is needed. PURPOSE: To assess factors associated with intention to receive influenza and/or Tdap vaccinations during pregnancy with a focus on perceptions of influenza and pertussis disease severity and influenza vaccine safety. METHODS: Participants were 325 pregnant women in Georgia recruited from December 2012 – April 2013 who had not yet received a 2012/2013 influenza vaccine or a Tdap vaccine while pregnant. Women completed a survey assessing influenza vaccination history, likelihood of receiving antenatal influenza and/or Tdap vaccines, and knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about influenza, …

Sore Throat? Maybe It's Not Strep. Maybe It's A Fusobacterial Infection, Staff

Browse All News

No abstract provided.