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2015

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Articles 20071 - 20100 of 21282

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A Plasmid-Based Reporter System For Live Cell Imaging Of Dengue Infected Cells, Carey L. Medin, Sierra Valois, Chinmay G. Patkar, Alan Rothman Jan 2015

A Plasmid-Based Reporter System For Live Cell Imaging Of Dengue Infected Cells, Carey L. Medin, Sierra Valois, Chinmay G. Patkar, Alan Rothman

Institute for Immunology and Informatics Faculty Publications

Cell culture models are used widely to study the effects of dengue virus (DENV) on host cell function. Current methods of identification of cells infected with an unmodified DENV requires fixation and permeablization of cells to allow DENV-specific antibody staining. This method does not permit imaging of viable cells over time. In this report, a plasmid-based reporter was developed to allow non-destructive identification of DENV-infected cells. The plasmid-based reporter was demonstrated to be broadly applicable to the four DENV serotypes, including low-passaged strains, and was specifically cleaved by the viral protease with minimal interference on viral production. This study reveals …

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Quasi-Subjectivity And Ethics In Non-Modernity, Justin T. Simpson Jan 2015

Quasi-Subjectivity And Ethics In Non-Modernity, Justin T. Simpson

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The inspiration behind this philosophical endeavor is an ethical one: interested in what it means to flourish as a human being – how to live well and authentically. Similar to medicine and how the ability to prescribe the appropriate treatment depends on first making a diagnosis, the focus of this work will to be understand the human condition and the ways in which subjectivity, one’s sense of self, is constituted. Given the general dissatisfaction with the modern metaphysical picture of the world, which analyzes the world in terms of the mutually exclusive and completely separate categories of nature/objects and society/subjects, …

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Human Origins, Dispersal And Associated Environments: An African Perspective, Amanuel Beyin Jan 2015

Human Origins, Dispersal And Associated Environments: An African Perspective, Amanuel Beyin

Faculty and Staff Scholarship

Africa’s position as the cradle of humanity is widely accepted, supported by rich fossil and archaeological discoveries from different parts of the continent. Drawing on the Out-of-Africa theory of human origins, this article provides a condensed narrative of the major milestones in human evolution and associated environmental settings. The underlying hypothesis is that changes in global climate played an important role in fueling early modern human origins and dispersals within and outside of Africa. As one will discover in this article, the history of humanity is a tale of small events that merged together into major milestones over a long …

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Environmental Privacy, Katrina Fischer Kuh Jan 2015

Environmental Privacy, Katrina Fischer Kuh

Hofstra Law Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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Molecular Identification And Functional Characteristics Of Peptide Transporter 1 (Pept1) In The Bonnethead Shark (Sphyrna Tiburo), Hannah Hart Jan 2015

Molecular Identification And Functional Characteristics Of Peptide Transporter 1 (Pept1) In The Bonnethead Shark (Sphyrna Tiburo), Hannah Hart

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Many elasmobranchs are considered top predators with worldwide distribution, and in general these fish play an important role in the transfer of energy from the lower to the upper trophic levels within the marine ecosystem. Despite this, little research has been done regarding the rates of prey ingestion, digestion, and the processes of energy and nutrient absorption. Specifically understudied is enzymatic digestion within the intestinal brush border, which functions to break down macromolecules into smaller subunits for luminal absorption across the gastrointestinal epithelium. Given their carnivorous diet, the present study sought to expand knowledge on nutrient intake in elasmobranchs by …

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The Regulation Of Vitamin A Metabolism, Mark Adams Jan 2015

The Regulation Of Vitamin A Metabolism, Mark Adams

All ETDs from UAB

Bioactive vitamin A takes form as several molecules, among them all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) is the major form and influences a wide range of biological processes. RA must be synthesized through a two-step mechanism, where all-trans-retinol is first oxidized to all-trans-retinaldehyde by retinol dehydrogenases (RDHs) and retinaldehyde is further oxidized to RA by retinaldehyde dehydrogenases (RALDHs). The first step, retinol to retinaldehyde conversion is the rate limiting step and therefore a likely target of mechanisms that modulate RA synthesis. Despite this, many of the enzymes that are involved in retinol and retinaldehyde interconversion have yet to be identified and thus many …

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Competition From New Neurons Drives Circuit Refinement In The Adult Dentate Gyrus, Elena W. Adlaf Jan 2015

Competition From New Neurons Drives Circuit Refinement In The Adult Dentate Gyrus, Elena W. Adlaf

All ETDs from UAB

The hippocampus encodes sensory information into memories. The dentate gyrus (DG) region is viewed as the entry point into the hippocampus, receiving sensory and spatial signals from perforant path axons of the entorhinal cortex (EC). Ever since researchers discovered a neurogenic niche in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the DG in adult animals and humans, many studies have been aimed at discovering how these continually proliferating granule cells (GCs) contribute to the network. Immature GCs have dendrites that project densely into the molecular layer alongside mature GCs and there is morphological evidence that immature excitatory spines preferentially synapse onto existing …

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Pathophysiology And Metabolic Dysfunction Following Polytrauma, Robert Mackay Akscyn Jan 2015

Pathophysiology And Metabolic Dysfunction Following Polytrauma, Robert Mackay Akscyn

All ETDs from UAB

Polytrauma, a combination of injuries to more than one body part or organ system, is common in modern warfare and in automobile and industrial accidents. The combination of injuries can include burn, fracture, hemorrhage, trauma to the extremities, and trauma to specific organ systems. These injuries are highly survivable when occurring singly. However, when they occur in combination the prognosis is worsened. To investigate the effects of combined injuries, we have developed a new and highly reproducible model of polytrauma. This model combines burn injury with soft tissue and gastrointestinal (GI) tract trauma. Male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to …

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Association Between Physical Activity And Learning, Pain Coping Strategies, Perceived Stress, And Depression Among Adults With Diabetes And Chronic Pain, Susan J. Andreae Jan 2015

Association Between Physical Activity And Learning, Pain Coping Strategies, Perceived Stress, And Depression Among Adults With Diabetes And Chronic Pain, Susan J. Andreae

All ETDs from UAB

In addition to the role of physical activity (PA) in the prevention of chronic disease and premature death, PA may have psychosocial benefits. We examined the association between four different domains of PA and three outcomes that may contribute to the emotional and mental well being of individuals. This is a secondary analysis of community dwelling adults with diabetes and chronic pain in which we examined the association between four domains of PA and learning (measured using diabetes knowledge, self efficacy in diabetes and pain management), pain coping strategies, perceived stress, and depression. Regression models were used to model changes …

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Curcumin: A Folklore Remedy From Kitchen On The Way To Clinic As Cancer Drug, Debasish Bandyopadhyay Jan 2015

Curcumin: A Folklore Remedy From Kitchen On The Way To Clinic As Cancer Drug, Debasish Bandyopadhyay

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Chemistry)

Numerous compounds are widely distributed in nature and many of these possess medicinal/biological/pharmacological activity. Curcumin, a polyphenol derived from the rhizomes (underground stems) of Curcuma longa Linn (a member of the ginger family, commonly known as turmeric) is a culinary spice and therapeutic used in India for thousands of years to induce color and flavor in food as well as to treat a wide array of diseases. The origin of turmeric as spice and folklore medicine is so old that it is lost in legend. Curcumin has many beneficial pharmacological effects which includes, but are not limited with, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, …

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Short Native Α-Helical Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides: Promising Alternative Antibiotics, Jiraphun Jittikoon Jan 2015

Short Native Α-Helical Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides: Promising Alternative Antibiotics, Jiraphun Jittikoon

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Synthesis And Characterization Of Sodium Alginate Conjugate: Preparation And Evaluation Of Transdermal Patches Of Losartan Potassium Using Sodium Alginate Conjugate, Satheesha Babu Bk, Srinivasa Rao K Jan 2015

Synthesis And Characterization Of Sodium Alginate Conjugate: Preparation And Evaluation Of Transdermal Patches Of Losartan Potassium Using Sodium Alginate Conjugate, Satheesha Babu Bk, Srinivasa Rao K

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

No abstract provided.

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The Effect Of Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein Induced Microrna-200 Family Members On Pancreatic Beta Cells, Stephen Filios Jan 2015

The Effect Of Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein Induced Microrna-200 Family Members On Pancreatic Beta Cells, Stephen Filios

All ETDs from UAB

Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin to maintain normal blood glucose levels and allow cells of the body to use glucose. However, in diabetes, there is beta cell dysfunction and pancreatic beta cells undergo programmed cell death leading to inadequate insulin production and secretion. Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein (TXNIP) is a ubiquitously expressed protein, 46 kDa in size, which is an arrestin protein family member. Unique to this member of the arrestin family, however, is its ability to bind to, and reduce, thioredoxin. The TXNIP gene is increased in pancreatic islets more than any other gene in response to high levels of glucose. …

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Exercise Adherence Among Pregnant Women: The Roles Of Socioeconomic Status, Attitudes Towards Prenatal Exercise, And Social Support, Lee Anne Flagg Jan 2015

Exercise Adherence Among Pregnant Women: The Roles Of Socioeconomic Status, Attitudes Towards Prenatal Exercise, And Social Support, Lee Anne Flagg

All ETDs from UAB

Drawing on the sociological theories of fundamental causes and social support, it was hypothesized that exercise during pregnancy would be positively associated with both socioeconomic status (SES) and social support for exercise and that the association between SES and exercise levels would be at least partially explained by attitudes towards exercise. It was also hypothesized that there would be a positive interaction between SES and social support for exercise in relation to exercise levels during pregnancy. Cross-sectional observational data was obtained from a survey of pregnant women, predominantly from those accessing prenatal care at Birmingham, AL area obstetric clinics. The …

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A Redescription Of The Cretaceous Marine Turtle Ctenochelys Acris Zangerl, 1953 And A Systematic Revision Of The 'Toxochelyid'-Grade Taxa Using Cladistic Analysis, Andrew Douglas Gentry Jan 2015

A Redescription Of The Cretaceous Marine Turtle Ctenochelys Acris Zangerl, 1953 And A Systematic Revision Of The 'Toxochelyid'-Grade Taxa Using Cladistic Analysis, Andrew Douglas Gentry

All ETDs from UAB

Within this thesis are two separate articles, each representing a distinct chapter. The first chapter is a redescription of the ‘toxochelyid’-grade marine turtle Ctenochelys acris Zangerl, 1953. This redescription, based on several nearly complete specimens from the early Campanian Mooreville Chalk of Alabama, reveals multiple previously undescribed autapomorphic characteristics of this species and contributes significantly to our understanding of ‘toxochelyid’ alpha taxonomy. The second chapter is comprised entirely of the results of multiple cladistic analyses of the ‘toxochelyid’-grade taxa that produce a hypothesized phylogenetic system of classification for this clade. 108 characters from the cranium, carapace, plastron, and appendicular skeleton …

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Kinomic Profiling And Drug Screening Of Three-Dimensional Glioblastoma Microtumors As A Potential Comparative Model To Orthotopic Xenolines, Ashley Nichole Gilbert Jan 2015

Kinomic Profiling And Drug Screening Of Three-Dimensional Glioblastoma Microtumors As A Potential Comparative Model To Orthotopic Xenolines, Ashley Nichole Gilbert

All ETDs from UAB

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common form of primary malignant brain cancer in adults, is a devastating disease for which effective treatment has remained elusive for over 75 years. A likely reason for the minimal progress during this time is the lack of accurate preclinical models to represent the patient in vivo environment, causing a disconnect in drug therapy effectiveness between the laboratory and clinic. Our proposed solution to address this disconnect and the issues of traditional preclinical modeling is to use innovative HuBiogel-based MicroTumors as a three-dimensional (3D) drug screening model for GBM. Six subcutaneous patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) prepared …

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Role Of Macrophages In The Cardiomyopathy Associated With Obesity And Type 2 Diabetes, Mehak Goel Jan 2015

Role Of Macrophages In The Cardiomyopathy Associated With Obesity And Type 2 Diabetes, Mehak Goel

All ETDs from UAB

Obesity is a state of chronic low-grade systemic inflammation that, along with type 2 diabetes (T2D), increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Despite the wealth of information on the link between macrophages and cytokines in adipose tissue and peripheral insulin resistance, their role in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy and cardiac diastolic dysfunction is unclear. We hypothesized that activated immune cell mediators, in particular monocytes and macrophages, are fundamental drivers of diet-induced obesity and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Herein, firstly, a diet-induced model of diabetic cardiomyopathy was developed in C57BL/6 mice by feeding a high fat diet (HFD, 45% kcal …

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Consequences Of Trps1 Deficiency On Dentinogenesis, Morgan Goss Jan 2015

Consequences Of Trps1 Deficiency On Dentinogenesis, Morgan Goss

All ETDs from UAB

Dentinogenesis is a complex process of dentin formation. It involves differentiation of odontoblasts, the cells that make dentin, and the formation of a unique extracellular matrix, known as dentin. Dentin is ultimately produced through the interaction of collagen fibers, non-collagenous proteins and hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals. Odontoblasts are cranial neural crest (CNC) ectomesenchymal derived cells. Trps1 is a novel transcription factor believed to play an important role in both tooth formation and the mineralization process. TRPS1 gene mutations are known to result in dental and skeletal abnormalities manifested in humans as tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome (TRPS) and Ambras syndrome. Trps1 expression varies throughout …

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The Effect Of Applied Stress On Knowledge Retention In A Multiwall Virtual Environment, David Wayne Brown Jan 2015

The Effect Of Applied Stress On Knowledge Retention In A Multiwall Virtual Environment, David Wayne Brown

All ETDs from UAB

While the science of medicine continues to grow as new discoveries in the treatment of disease are made, the education of existing procedures has not evolved with the growth of new technology. The training of doctors and nurses is still, primarily, one of classrooms and presentations. In addition, this training is predominately focused on treating the patient once they have reached the hospital, with limited thought given to out of hospital emergencies. Simulation labs are present at most schools, but these are limited in their ability to deliver identical scenarios across the entire student population due to variances in personnel …

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Lab-On-A-Brane: A Novel Physiologically Relevant Planar Arterial Model To Study Transendothelial Transport, Karim I. Budhwani Jan 2015

Lab-On-A-Brane: A Novel Physiologically Relevant Planar Arterial Model To Study Transendothelial Transport, Karim I. Budhwani

All ETDs from UAB

The tremendous quality of life impact notwithstanding, cardiovascular diseases and Cancer add up to over US$ 700bn each year in financial costs alone. Aging and population growth are expected to further expand the problem space while drug research and development remain expensive. However, preclinical costs can be substantially mitigated by substituting animal models with in vitro devices that accurately model human cardiovascular transport. Here we present a novel physiologically relevant lab-on-a-brane that simulates in vivo pressure, flow, strain, and shear waveforms associated with normal and pathological conditions in large and small blood vessels for studying molecular transport across the endothelial …

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Exploring The Relationship Between Study Abroad And Emotional Intelligence, Michael Joshua Carter Jan 2015

Exploring The Relationship Between Study Abroad And Emotional Intelligence, Michael Joshua Carter

All ETDs from UAB

EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STUDY ABROAD AND EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE MICHAEL JOSHUA CARTER EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP ABSTRACT Given the increased interest in the academic and behavioral impact of university study abroad programs, the possible relationship between study abroad and emotional intelligence was evaluated. A paper-based survey packet consisting of a researcher-developed demographic questionnaire and the Bar-On EQ-i: 2.0 Emotional Intelligence Quotient Inventory (EQi) was administered to a convenience sample of 144 undergraduate students, ages 19-25, at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. The total sample consisted of two groups: (1) a sample group of undergraduate students who participated in the university study …

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The Adaptive Significance Of Phenotypic Plasticity In The Wild: An Experimental Test Using The Brown Anole Lizard (Anolis Sagrei), Corey Dale Cates Jan 2015

The Adaptive Significance Of Phenotypic Plasticity In The Wild: An Experimental Test Using The Brown Anole Lizard (Anolis Sagrei), Corey Dale Cates

All ETDs from UAB

The conditions that embryos experience during development have substantial effects on offspring phenotypes and fitness. Although plastic responses to developmental environments are widespread, whether they are adaptive is unknown in most cases. Developmental plasticity is often thought to be adaptive in heterogeneous environments, but it can also enhance fitness when environments experienced by embryos provide cues for the conditions they will eventually experience later in life. Under the latter scenario, early embryonic conditions could program an individual’s physiology to appropriately deal with predictable future conditions. This hypothesis has received support in the ecological and medical literature on diverse organisms. However, …

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The Utilization Of Blue - Green Algae Lyngbya Recovered From Local Ponds As Natural Reinforcement Of Composite Materials, Ninfa Alejandra Constante Perez Jan 2015

The Utilization Of Blue - Green Algae Lyngbya Recovered From Local Ponds As Natural Reinforcement Of Composite Materials, Ninfa Alejandra Constante Perez

All ETDs from UAB

The abundance of blue - green algae (BGAs) has created a social and industrial problem. The overgrowth of algae blooms in water bodies across the U.S. reduces the quality of water for ecological and recreational purposes. The production of algae biofuels is forecasted to exponentially grow in the coming years, but waste residual algal biomass represents a challenge to biofuel producers. This work explores possible avenues for the utilization of BGAs as an effective reinforcement of natural fiber composites. Natural fiber composites (NFCs) are of great importance for the automotive industry in applications such as interior door panels, headliners, and …

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Mechanisms Of Npy-Induced Phase Shifts And Gsk3 Modulation Of Rhythmic Molecular Clock Gene Expression, Neurophysiological Function, And Memory., Rachel Besing Jan 2015

Mechanisms Of Npy-Induced Phase Shifts And Gsk3 Modulation Of Rhythmic Molecular Clock Gene Expression, Neurophysiological Function, And Memory., Rachel Besing

All ETDs from UAB

The current set of studies addresses three main hypotheses. We first tested the hypothesis that NPY-induced phase advances are accompanied by persistent suppression of core circadian clock gene PER2 and are mediated by long-term depression of neuronal excitability in a phase-specific manner. We found that NPY induced phase advances in PER2::LUC cultures, as well as decreased neuronal firing in SCN slices, are largest when NPY is given in the early part of the day and PER2::LUC phase advances were blocked by depolarization with potassium chloride, suggesting that NPY-induced phase advances are mediated by long-term depression of neuronal excitability. The second …

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Synthesis And Characterization Of A Collagen Based Biodegradable Polymer Initiated By Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticle For Bone Regeneration, Didarul B. Bhuiyan Jan 2015

Synthesis And Characterization Of A Collagen Based Biodegradable Polymer Initiated By Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticle For Bone Regeneration, Didarul B. Bhuiyan

All ETDs from UAB

Synthetic bone graft biomaterials are considered as a potential alternative to the conventional use of bone grafts, due to their limitless supply and lack of disease transmission. Current synthetic bone graft materials generally lack the necessary combination of biological and mechanical properties for use as a bone graft substitute. Bone is a dynamic tissue that serves biological, chemical and mechanical purpose in the body and it is unlikely that a single component synthetic biomaterial can provide the appropriate combination of mechanical integrity and biological stimulation to replace bone. Multicomponent biomaterials need chemical bonding between the components to prevent phase separation …

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The Effects Of Inter-Age Class Competition On Habitat Use In A Territorial Lizard, David Michael Delaney Jan 2015

The Effects Of Inter-Age Class Competition On Habitat Use In A Territorial Lizard, David Michael Delaney

All ETDs from UAB

All organisms have specific habitat requirements that allow them to properly function in the environment. However, optimal habitats often differ across age classes, and accordingly, juveniles shift habitat choice as they age. Field observations of the brown anole lizard (Anolis sagrei) suggest that juveniles perch in open-canopy areas on low vegetation whereas adults reside in forest edges on higher vegetation. I hypothesized that this age-specific habitat variation is because adults force juveniles to less preferred habitat. To address these issues, I conducted a series of experiments to examine the role of inter-age class competition in driving variation in perch use …

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Exploiting The Glioblastoma Tumor Microenvironment For Enhanced Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus Therapy, Tyrel Talbert Smith Jan 2015

Exploiting The Glioblastoma Tumor Microenvironment For Enhanced Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus Therapy, Tyrel Talbert Smith

All ETDs from UAB

Gliomas are the most common and fatal malignancy of the adult central nervous system. The need for new therapeutic options is clear, as standard of care therapies only extend median survival 12-14 months beyond diagnosis. Conditionally replication-competent oncolytic herpes simplex type-1 viruses (oHSV) have emerged as promising therapeutics for treating malignant gliomas. However, two factors that contribute to the dismal prognosis of malignant gliomas, immunosuppression and invasive growth, are also thought to limit virotherapeutic efficacy. We examined these factors in tumor microenvironments to explore novel strategies to treat malignant gliomas with oHSV for improved therapeutic response. In a Phase 1b …

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Characterization Of The Gtpase Rac1 As An Electrophilic-Sensitive Protein In Vascular Cells, Stephanie Brook Wall Jan 2015

Characterization Of The Gtpase Rac1 As An Electrophilic-Sensitive Protein In Vascular Cells, Stephanie Brook Wall

All ETDs from UAB

The GTPase Rac1 is a protein which has been shown to be dysregulated in the context of a number of inflammatory diseases including atherosclerosis. Rac1 responds to extracellular signals and is involved in cellular cytoskeletal rearrangement, reactive oxygen species generation and cell cycle progression. When activated Rac1 interacts with effector proteins on the plasma membrane. This activation has recently been shown to be modulated by redox signaling via an active site cysteine. However, it is not known whether other redox signaling compounds can modulate Rac1 activity. An important redox signaling mediator is the electrophilic lipid, 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15dPGJ2). This lipid …

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A Bio-Inspired Hybrid Nanosack For Pancreatic Islet Transplantation In The Omentum, Patrick Tj Hwang Jan 2015

A Bio-Inspired Hybrid Nanosack For Pancreatic Islet Transplantation In The Omentum, Patrick Tj Hwang

All ETDs from UAB

Pancreatic islet transplantation (PIT) has demonstrated consistent and sustained reversal of type 1 diabetes, generating optimism for its wider application as a potential cure for type 1 diabetes. However, the clinical efficacy is still lacking because of a substantial loss of islets during or shortly after transplant to the implantation site. The liver has been widely used as an implantation site for PIT, but it has serious risks for islet loss, such as massive islet destruction by instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction, progressive attrition of islet cells due to exposure to the toxic environment. The omentum has gained significant attention as …

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Mechanisms Of Heme Oxygenase-1-Mediated Protection Against Tissue Injury, Travis David Hull Jan 2015

Mechanisms Of Heme Oxygenase-1-Mediated Protection Against Tissue Injury, Travis David Hull

All ETDs from UAB

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the catabolism of heme, which is released by necrotic cells in injured tissue. HO-1 expression is protective in cardiac and renal injury because it coordinates the degradation of pro-oxidant heme with the generation of equimolar quantities of iron (Fe2+) and the cytoprotective mole-cules carbon monoxide and biliverdin. While many studies have demonstrated that HO-1 expression is protective in numerous disease states, relatively few have examined the specific cellular compartment(s) through which HO-1 expression confers its protective effects. Our objective was to define the cellular compartments in which HO-1 expression is critical to …

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