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2014

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Seasonal Movements Of Arctic Grayling In A Small Stream On The Arctic Coastal Plain, Alaska, Kurt C. Heim Aug 2014

Seasonal Movements Of Arctic Grayling In A Small Stream On The Arctic Coastal Plain, Alaska, Kurt C. Heim

Fisheries

In watersheds of the Arctic Coastal Plain (ACP) of Alaska, Arctic Grayling adopt a migratory life history strategy to persist in a landscape with long (~ 8 month), cold winters that cause shallow aquatic habitats to freeze solid. We investigated movement patterns of adult and juvenile Arctic Grayling in a shallow beaded stream (Crea Creek), a dominant headwater stream type on the ACP. From 2012–2013 Arctic Grayling (N = 1035) were tagged with passive integrated transponder tags and monitored using an array of stream-wide antennae. Migration into Crea Creek peaked immediately after ice break-up in the main channel of the …

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Recruitment Mechanisms Of Tanner Crab In The Eastern Bering Sea, Jonathan Richar Aug 2014

Recruitment Mechanisms Of Tanner Crab In The Eastern Bering Sea, Jonathan Richar

Fisheries

Influences of biophysical conditions on survival of zoeal and early stages of eastern Bering Sea Tanner crab, Chionoecetes bairdi, were investigated using simple linear regression modeling, and a combination of hydrodynamic modeling and spatial and geostatistical methods. Linear regression analyses indicated that estimated reproductive female crab abundance, age 3-7 Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) abundance and flathead sole (Hippoglossoides elassodon) total biomass were statistically related to estimates of recruitment to the 30-50 mm carapace width size interval of juvenile crab. Analysis of output from a Regional Ocean Modeling System simulation model indicated considerable capacity of the Bering Sea oceanography to retain …

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Relationships Between Anadromous Lampreys And Their Host Fishes In The Eastern Bering Sea, Kevin A. Siwicke Aug 2014

Relationships Between Anadromous Lampreys And Their Host Fishes In The Eastern Bering Sea, Kevin A. Siwicke

Fisheries

Arctic Lamprey Lethenteron camtschaticum and Pacific Lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus are ecologically and culturally important anadromous, parasitic species experiencing recent population declines in the North Pacific Ocean. However, a paucity of basic information on lampreys feeding in the ocean precludes an incorporation of the adult trophic phase into our understanding of lamprey population dynamics. The goal of this research was to provide insight into the marine life-history stage of Arctic and Pacific lampreys through lamprey-host interactions in the eastern Bering Sea. An analysis of two fishery-independent surveys conducted between 2002 and 2012 in the eastern Bering Sea revealed that Arctic Lampreys …

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Environmental Covariates Of Sablefish (Anoplopoma Fimbria) And Pacific Ocean Perch (Sebastes Alutus) Recruitment In The Gulf Of Alaska, Brendan K. Coffin Aug 2014

Environmental Covariates Of Sablefish (Anoplopoma Fimbria) And Pacific Ocean Perch (Sebastes Alutus) Recruitment In The Gulf Of Alaska, Brendan K. Coffin

Fisheries

The sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) and Pacific ocean perch (POP; Sebastes alutus) fisheries in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are both highly lucrative and variable. Determining environmental factors that drive variability in year class strength may improve their forecasts, leading to more effective management. Here we examine relationships between sablefish and POP recruitment and multiple environmental indices associated with circulation in the GOA. We used hierarchical cluster analysis to determine spatially and seasonally relevant scales for analyzing these relationships, a relatively novel approach that may be of use to similar studies. We used structural equation modeling to examine sequential relationships between …

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The Toxicity Of Creosote Treated Wood To Pacific Herring (Clupea Pallasi) Embryos And Characterization Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Near Creosoted Pilings In Juneau, Alaska, Danielle Duncan Aug 2014

The Toxicity Of Creosote Treated Wood To Pacific Herring (Clupea Pallasi) Embryos And Characterization Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Near Creosoted Pilings In Juneau, Alaska, Danielle Duncan

Fisheries

These studies documented creosote toxicity to developing Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) embryos at low microgram per liter concentrations and determined that detrimental concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) near creosoted pilings exist. Creosote total PAH concentrations of 7 μg/L resulted in skeletal defects and ineffective swimming in hatched larvae and represent a lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) for Pacific herring embryos not previously defined. In the field, PAHs consistent with creosote were elevated at distances up to a meter from creosoted pilings in some cases. Concentrations likely sufficient to induce teratogenic effects were found directly on creosoted pilings and within …

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Caries Differences Among Sub-Saharan Africans, Fawn Carter Aug 2014

Caries Differences Among Sub-Saharan Africans, Fawn Carter

Anthropology

Teeth are a vital source of data for interpreting ancient lifestyles because of their high preservation potential and direct association with food. Understanding dental pathologies such as dental caries (cavities), can provide valuable information regarding diet and health. The objective of the present study is to compare caries prevalence among sub-Saharan African populations to determine whether any significant differences exist through space, time, economy, and between the sexes. A few small-scale dental pathology studies have been undertaken on specific populations and regions, but until now none have encompassed the entirety of sub-Saharan Africa from the Late Stone Age through modern …

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Characterization And Delineation Of Caribou Habitat On Unimak Island Using Remote Sensing Techniques, Brian M. Atkinson Aug 2014

Characterization And Delineation Of Caribou Habitat On Unimak Island Using Remote Sensing Techniques, Brian M. Atkinson

Agriculture and Horticulture

The assessment of herbivore habitat quality is traditionally based on quantifying the forages available to the animal across their home range through ground-based techniques. While these methods are highly accurate, they can be time-consuming and highly expensive, especially for herbivores that occupy vast spatial landscapes. The Unimak Island caribou herd has been decreasing in the last decade at rates that have prompted discussion of management intervention. Frequent inclement weather in this region of Alaska has provided for little opportunity to study the caribou forage habitat on Unimak Island. The overall objectives of this study were two-fold 1) to assess the …

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Caries Prevalence In Ancient Egyptians And Nubians, Konstantine Triambelas Aug 2014

Caries Prevalence In Ancient Egyptians And Nubians, Konstantine Triambelas

Anthropology

This thesis presents an expanded bioarchaeological perspective to quantitative analyses of dental caries in the remains of 1842 ancient Egyptians and Nubians. The skeletal samples from 17 Egyptian and 15 Nubian cemeteries are represented by both sexes, and span a period from 14000 BCE-1450 CE. Considering that a skeletal population of this size has never been previously evaluated for dental caries, this thesis can make a considerable contribution to a better understanding of the variability encountered in dental caries patterns over time, as these are manifested within the bio/cultural/ecological context of the Nile Valley. Dental caries are the decomposition of …

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Assessment Of The Reproductive Ecology Of Harbor Seals (Phoca Vitulina) And Northern Sea Otters (Enhydra Lutris Kenyoni) In Alaska Using Subsistence Biosampling Programs, Emily A. Hutchinson Aug 2014

Assessment Of The Reproductive Ecology Of Harbor Seals (Phoca Vitulina) And Northern Sea Otters (Enhydra Lutris Kenyoni) In Alaska Using Subsistence Biosampling Programs, Emily A. Hutchinson

Marine Biology

Harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) and northern sea otters (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) in Alaska have experienced extreme fluctuations in abundance in recent decades. The purpose of this study was to examine growth and determine the age and size at sexual maturity in populations of these two species, as spatial and temporal variations in environmental conditions and changes in ecological constraints as a result of population fluctuations can influence growth and reproductive characteristics of individuals. All samples for this research were collected via biosampling, the collection of measurements and biological tissue samples, as a component of subsistence harvesting by Alaska Natives. In …

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Using Strontium Isotopes To Track Pacific Salmon Migrations In Alaska, Sean Reiss Brennan Aug 2014

Using Strontium Isotopes To Track Pacific Salmon Migrations In Alaska, Sean Reiss Brennan

Marine Biology

Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) are an important cultural, ecological, and economic natural resource in Alaska. Not only do salmon maintain an important mechanism of nutrient transport between marine, aquatic, and terrestrial ecosystems, but they also provide a sustainable food and economic resource for human communities. A challenging issue in the management, conservation, and research of Pacific salmon is tracking their responses to perturbations across the multiple scales of population structure that characterize these species. Research has shown how the inherent biodiversity of Pacific salmon imparts resiliency to environmental change, and temporal stability to their overall productivity and the human systems …

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Fire-Severity Effects On Plant-Fungal Interactions: Implications For Alaskan Treeline Dynamics In A Warming Climate, Rebecca E. Hewitt Aug 2014

Fire-Severity Effects On Plant-Fungal Interactions: Implications For Alaskan Treeline Dynamics In A Warming Climate, Rebecca E. Hewitt

Biological Sciences

Understanding the complex mechanisms controlling treeline advance or retreat in the Arctic and Subarctic has important implications for projecting ecosystem response to climate change. Changes in landcover due to a treeline biome shift could alter climate feedbacks and ecosystem services such as wildlife and berry habitat. Major sources of uncertainty in predicting treeline advance or retreat are the controls over seedling establishment at treeline and in tundra. One often-overlooked yet physiologically important factor to seedling establishment is the symbiosis with ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF), the obligate mycobionts of all boreal tree species. EMF provide soil nutrients and water to seedlings and …

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Perchlorate Toxicity In Fish: Trophic Transfer, Developmental Windows, And Histological Biomarkers, Christoff Gregory Furin Aug 2014

Perchlorate Toxicity In Fish: Trophic Transfer, Developmental Windows, And Histological Biomarkers, Christoff Gregory Furin

Biological Sciences

The perchlorate anion is an oxygenated chlorine compound often used by the military as an oxidizer in solid rocket propellant and by industry in numerous other applications. It is a known endocrine disruptor and competitively inhibits the uptake of iodide into thyroid tissue in a concentration dependent manner, effectively reducing production of thyroid hormones. Perchlorate is highly water soluble, kinetically inert and has low adsorption tendency, making it a persistent and mobile aquatic contaminant. Perchlorate has been detected in drinking water sources throughout the United States and is present in many commercially available food and drink products. The objective of …

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The Role Of Outdoor Recreation In Building Community Resilience And Adaptive Capacity, William L. Overbaugh Aug 2014

The Role Of Outdoor Recreation In Building Community Resilience And Adaptive Capacity, William L. Overbaugh

Biological Sciences

For the first time, outdoor recreation theory is applied within the framework of resilience theory to define the conceptual relationship between recreation benefit outcomes and community resilience. A theoretical and practical disconnect between the two disciplines is evident from the lack of literature identifying conceptual and operational linkages. Emerging from the application is a Recreation System Community Resilience Framework that models agent behavior, embedded green space, networks of service providers and feedback mechanisms to demonstrate recreation connections to resilience concepts. The Recreation Benefits-Based Model is identified as the best fit to deliver sustainable high leverage and capacity-building resilience for communities. …

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Beetles And Spiders As Indicators Of Forest Recovery On Prince Of Wales Island, Alaska, Jill M. Stockbridge Aug 2014

Beetles And Spiders As Indicators Of Forest Recovery On Prince Of Wales Island, Alaska, Jill M. Stockbridge

Biological Sciences

Commercial logging is among the most important disturbance factors affecting forest biota. An indirect effect of commercial logging is minimal understory within young even-aged forests, which can decrease forest biodiversity. To improve management of young even-aged forest stands within the Tongass National Forest (TNF), foresters are testing alternative forestry practices under the Tongass-Wide Young-Growth Studies (TWYGS). However, little is known about how the new thinning treatments included in the TWYGS will affect forest biota and the recovery of young even-aged forest stands as they transition back into old growth forests. To investigate the effects of thinned secondary growth on forest …

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Applying A Social-Ecological Systems Approach To Human-Bear Encounters Across The Pacific Rim: Advancing Resilient Human-Wildlife Management Strategies, Kim A. Jochum Aug 2014

Applying A Social-Ecological Systems Approach To Human-Bear Encounters Across The Pacific Rim: Advancing Resilient Human-Wildlife Management Strategies, Kim A. Jochum

Biological Sciences

Wildlife management is challenged with addressing human resource needs while simultaneously conserving wildlife populations. Conflicts between humans and wildlife have increased across Northern countries with the expansion of human communities and environmental changes. Lack of information exists about reasons for such occurrences. This study explores adaptive capacity and resilience in coupled human-wildlife systems through the analysis of social and ecological factors contributing to perceptions of negative and positive human-bear (Ursus spp.) encounters. I first developed a theory to evaluate human perceptions and behaviors during human-wildlife encounters. Secondly I adopted an interdisciplinary framework to analyze human-bear encounters in urbanizing regions of …

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Exploring The Connection Between Salmon And Well-Being To Strengthen A Food System Intervention In Western Alaska, Jennifer Nu Aug 2014

Exploring The Connection Between Salmon And Well-Being To Strengthen A Food System Intervention In Western Alaska, Jennifer Nu

Biological Sciences

Effective interventions aimed at changing dietary behaviors in indigenous communities can benefit from understanding local perceptions and values connected to culturally important foods. Formative research in collaboration with community members to explore these perceptions is a necessary step in the process of designing effective interventions, yet few studies elaborate on the details of this process. Research conducted in a remote Yup'ik community in Western Alaska explored the connection between salmon and well-being to strengthen a food system intervention. Qualitative data were collected, collaboratively reviewed with a community work group, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Nine major themes emerged from the …

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New 3-D Video Methods Reveal Novel Territorial Drift-Feeding Behaviors That Help Explain Environmental Correlates Of Chena River Chinook Salmon Productivity, Jason Neuswanger Aug 2014

New 3-D Video Methods Reveal Novel Territorial Drift-Feeding Behaviors That Help Explain Environmental Correlates Of Chena River Chinook Salmon Productivity, Jason Neuswanger

Biological Sciences

Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) are critical to subsistence and commerce in the Yukon River basin, but several recent years of low abundance have forced devastating fishery closures and raised urgent questions about causes of the decline. The Chena River subpopulation in interior Alaska has experienced a decline similar to that of the broader population. To evaluate possible factors affecting Chena River Chinook salmon productivity, I analyzed both population data and the behavior of individual fish during the summer they spend as fry drift feeding in the river. Using a stereo pair of high definition video cameras, I recorded the fine-scale …

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The Microtubule-Associated Protein, Eb1, Links Aim2 Inflammasomes With Autophagy-Dependent Secretion, Li-Jie Wang, Hsin-Yi Huang, Meng-Pin Huang, Willisa Liou, Ya-Ting Chang, Chih-Ching Wu, David M. Ojcius, Yu-Sun Chang Aug 2014

The Microtubule-Associated Protein, Eb1, Links Aim2 Inflammasomes With Autophagy-Dependent Secretion, Li-Jie Wang, Hsin-Yi Huang, Meng-Pin Huang, Willisa Liou, Ya-Ting Chang, Chih-Ching Wu, David M. Ojcius, Yu-Sun Chang

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

Inflammasomes are multi-protein complexes that regulate chronic inflammation-associated diseases by inducing interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) secretion. Numerous components involved in inflammasome activation have been identified, but the mechanisms of inflammasome-mediated IL-1β secretion have not yet been fully explored. Here, we demonstrate that end-binding protein 1 (EB1), which is required for activation of AIM2 inflammasome complex, links the AIM2 inflammasome to autophagy-dependent secretion. Imaging studies revealed that AIM2 inflammasomes colocalize with microtubule organizing centers and autophagosomes. Biochemical analyses showed that poly(dA-dT)-activated AIM2 inflammasomes induce autophagy and IL-1β secretion in an LC3-dependent fashion. Furthermore, depletion of EB1 decreases autophagic shedding and intracellular trafficking. …

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Relationships Among Physical Activity, Diet, And Obesity Measures During Adolescence, Janne Holmberg Maier Aug 2014

Relationships Among Physical Activity, Diet, And Obesity Measures During Adolescence, Janne Holmberg Maier

Biological Sciences

Today's high prevalence of obesity is a concern especially in youth. Physical activity and diet are both important factors associated with weight management, and current recommendations are to consume a diet low in saturated fat and high in fiber, fruit and vegetables and to participate in frequent and regular physical activity. Adherence to recommendations is low, a factor that is strongly correlated with development of obesity and associated chronic diseases such as hypertension and cardiovascular disease. While associations between diet and physical activity are well established, investigation of changes in their association during growth is lacking. This thesis uses five …

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Polyploidy, Base Composition Bias, And Incomplete Lineage Sorting In Fish Phylogenetics, Matthew A. Campbell Aug 2014

Polyploidy, Base Composition Bias, And Incomplete Lineage Sorting In Fish Phylogenetics, Matthew A. Campbell

Biological Sciences

Understanding the evolutionary relationships between organisms is of fundamental importance in biology. Originally based on overall similarity in morphological traits, depiction of evolutionary relationships is now often pursued by constructing trees based on molecular data- molecular phylogenetics. Molecular phylogenetic inference uses variation in molecular data in a variety of frameworks to produce hypothetical relationships between organisms. As with many practices making use of biological data, the inherent noise and complexity challenges phylogeneticists. In this dissertation, I examine three empirical datasets while addressing three possible issues in phylogenetic inference: polyploidy, base composition bias and incomplete lineage sorting. Polyploidy leads to incorrect …

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Water, Behavior, And Health In Alaska, Troy L. Ritter Aug 2014

Water, Behavior, And Health In Alaska, Troy L. Ritter

Biological Sciences

This dissertation addresses the need for a better understanding of how water and sanitation infrastructure and water use behaviors come together to influence health. The ultimate aim is to inform water infrastructure designs and behavior change programming for the prevention of acute respiratory infections (ARIs), skin infections, and diarrhea. All three diseases are of public health significance in Alaska, and all three can be prevented by proper access and use of water and sanitation services. I begin the dissertation by illustrating that some residents who have access to treated water continue to consume untreated river water and rain. In fact, …

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Poly(Arginine) Derived Cancer-Targeting Peptides For The Development Of A Cancer-Targeted Gene Therapy Approach In Hepg2 Liver Cancer Cells, Stesha C. Joseph Aug 2014

Poly(Arginine) Derived Cancer-Targeting Peptides For The Development Of A Cancer-Targeted Gene Therapy Approach In Hepg2 Liver Cancer Cells, Stesha C. Joseph

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

Cancer is a disease that has eluded medicinal approaches for many years and as a result new and improved therapeutic approaches are in constant demand. Although chemotherapy and radiation treatments have assisted in suppressing the growth of tumors, their poor selectivity and efficacy are major limitations for effective therapy en route towards the development of a cure for the cancer epidemic. With the mission of conquering cancer at heart, researchers have pursued a new form of cancer therapy, aptly named, a cancer targeting approach. This method revolves around the selection of a suitable biomarker, typically a cell surface receptor …

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The Supply Of Female Scientists Conundrum: An International Study Exploring The Predictors Of Females' Intentions To Major In Science Postsecondary Education, Susan E. Arrigoni Aug 2014

The Supply Of Female Scientists Conundrum: An International Study Exploring The Predictors Of Females' Intentions To Major In Science Postsecondary Education, Susan E. Arrigoni

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

The goal of this study was to perform an exploratory analysis of a comprehensive list of independent variables identified from literature to determine which, if any, are effective predictors in forecasting a female’s intention to study science postsecondary. This is likely to be indicative of interest to study science when pursing higher education as well as choice of major and possible career. The postulated model guiding this analysis, which was based on prior research, recognized that factors pertaining to students, parents, schools, and peers are all important. This study used logistic regression to analyze data from the 2006 Programme for …

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Spatiotemporal Variation Of Benthic Communities On Weathervane Scallop (Patinopecten Caurinus) Beds With Socioeconomic Considerations Of The Commercial Fishery Off The Coast Of Alaska, Jessica Rose Glass Aug 2014

Spatiotemporal Variation Of Benthic Communities On Weathervane Scallop (Patinopecten Caurinus) Beds With Socioeconomic Considerations Of The Commercial Fishery Off The Coast Of Alaska, Jessica Rose Glass

Fisheries

Weathervane scallops (Patinopecten caurinus [Gould, 1850]) off Alaska are commercially harvested in areas that contain commercially important groundfish and crabs. Using observer bycatch data collected during 1996-2012, we analyzed spatial and temporal patterns in community composition on weathervane scallop beds and explored whether observed patterns related to environmental variables (sediment, depth, bottom water temperature, and freshwater discharge) and anthropogenic variables (trawling and dredging effort). Significant (P<0.05) differences in community structure were observed at the scale of state fishery registration districts, as well as among individual scallop beds. Spatial differences were most strongly correlated with sediment, depth, and dredging effort. Sequential changes over time were also detected, as was a split between 1996-1999 and 2000-2012. Temporal changes were weakly yet significantly correlated with freshwater discharge and dredging effort. We also conducted a socioeconomic assessment of the commercial weathervane scallop fishery, structured within the framework of a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) analysis. Specifically, we focused on five categories: social, technological, economic, environmental, and regulatory. Whereas the data-poor status of the stock appears to be the fishery's biggest weakness, the largest strengths are conservative management, industry self-regulation, and the fishery's small footprint. Impending threats include stock declines, effects of dredging, and changes in the structure of the fishery. These analyses provide a baseline of benthic community composition on weathervane scallop beds, as well as socioeconomic information to contribute to the environmental, economic, and social sustainability of the Alaska scallop fishery.

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Scaling Up Experimental Ocean Acidification And Warming Research: From Individuals To The Ecosystem, Am Queirós, Ja Fernandes, S Faulwetter, P Calosi Aug 2014

Scaling Up Experimental Ocean Acidification And Warming Research: From Individuals To The Ecosystem, Am Queirós, Ja Fernandes, S Faulwetter, P Calosi

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Understanding long-term, ecosystem-level impacts of climate change is challenging because experimental research frequently focuses on short-term, individual-level impacts in isolation. We address this shortcoming first through an interdisciplinary ensemble of novel experimental techniques to investigate the impacts of 14-month exposure to ocean acidification and warming (OAW) on the physiology, activity, predatory behaviour and susceptibility to predation of an important marine gastropod (Nucella lapillus). We simultaneously estimated the potential impacts of these global drivers on N. lapillus population dynamics and dispersal parameters. We then used these data to parameterize a dynamic bioclimatic envelope model, to investigate the consequences of OAW on …

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Assessment Of High Latitude Variability And Extreme Events In The Bering Sea As Simulated By A Global Climate Model, Joshua M. Walston Aug 2014

Assessment Of High Latitude Variability And Extreme Events In The Bering Sea As Simulated By A Global Climate Model, Joshua M. Walston

Atmospheric Sciences

Atmospheric and Oceanic observations of the Arctic and Subarctic are relatively sparse and hinder our ability to analyze short term variability and long-duration anomalies of physical and biological variables over decadal time scales. Earth System Models (ESM's), such as the Community Earth System Model (CESM1), represent a useful tool to advance the understanding and the predictive potential of large-scale shifts in the climate and climate related impacts. This thesis initially focuses on assessing the skill of the Community Climate System Model (CCSM4), to capture natural variability of the climate system. Subsequently, I examine the impacts of variability and seasonal-scale extremes …

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The Murray Ledger And Times, August 16-17, 2014, The Murray Ledger And Times Aug 2014

The Murray Ledger And Times, August 16-17, 2014, The Murray Ledger And Times

The Murray Ledger & Times

No abstract provided.

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Discovery Of Common Sequences Absent In The Human Reference Genome Using Pooled Samples From Next Generation Sequencing, Yu Liu, Mehmet Koyutürk, Sean Maxwell, Min Xiang, Martina Veigl, Richard S. Cooper, Bamidele O. Tayo, Li Li, Thomas Laframboise, Zhenghe Wang, Xiaofeng Zhu, Mark R. Chance Aug 2014

Discovery Of Common Sequences Absent In The Human Reference Genome Using Pooled Samples From Next Generation Sequencing, Yu Liu, Mehmet Koyutürk, Sean Maxwell, Min Xiang, Martina Veigl, Richard S. Cooper, Bamidele O. Tayo, Li Li, Thomas Laframboise, Zhenghe Wang, Xiaofeng Zhu, Mark R. Chance

Faculty Publications

Background: Sequences up to several megabases in length have been found to be present in individual genomes but absent in the human reference genome. These sequences may be common in populations, and their absence in the reference genome may indicate rare variants in the genomes of individuals who served as donors for the human genome project. As the reference genome is used in probe design for microarray technology and mapping short reads in next generation sequencing (NGS), this missing sequence could be a source of bias in functional genomic studies and variant analysis. One End Anchor (OEA) and/or orphan reads …

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Discovery Of Common Sequences Absent In The Human Reference Genome Using Pooled Samples From Next Generation Sequencing, Yu Liu, Mehmet Koyutürk, Sean Maxwell, Min Xiang, Martina Veigl, Li Li, Thomas Laframboise, Zhenghe Wang, Xiaofeng Zhu, Mark R. Chance Aug 2014

Discovery Of Common Sequences Absent In The Human Reference Genome Using Pooled Samples From Next Generation Sequencing, Yu Liu, Mehmet Koyutürk, Sean Maxwell, Min Xiang, Martina Veigl, Li Li, Thomas Laframboise, Zhenghe Wang, Xiaofeng Zhu, Mark R. Chance

Faculty Scholarship

Background: Sequences up to several megabases in length have been found to be present in individual genomes but absent in the human reference genome. These sequences may be common in populations, and their absence in the reference genome may indicate rare variants in the genomes of individuals who served as donors for the human genome project. As the reference genome is used in probe design for microarray technology and mapping short reads in next generation sequencing (NGS), this missing sequence could be a source of bias in functional genomic studies and variant analysis. One End Anchor (OEA) and/or orphan reads …

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The Effect Of Maternal Aldosterone Levels On The Expression Of 11b-Hsd Isoenzymes In Normal And Hypertensive Rat Placentae, Nicole Jorissen Aug 2014

The Effect Of Maternal Aldosterone Levels On The Expression Of 11b-Hsd Isoenzymes In Normal And Hypertensive Rat Placentae, Nicole Jorissen

Journal of Undergraduate Research at Minnesota State University, Mankato

In this project, we developed a Western blotting procedure to semi-quantitate levels of 11β-HSD1 and 11β-HSD2 in whole cell extracts. Then, we applied this technique to analyze the effect of reduced maternal aldosterone levels on the expression of 11β-HSD1 and 11β-HSD2 isoenzymes in the placental tissue in both normal and hypertensive rats. These enzymes control levels of glucocorticoids which compete for aldosterone’s mineralocorticoid receptor. Overstimulation of this receptor results in hypertension. If aldosterone levels decrease, levels of the enzymes controlling active glucocorticoid concentrations might change to compensate for the lowered aldosterone levels. Decreased placental 11β-HSD2 expression could affect hypertension in …

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