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2014

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Articles 22171 - 22200 of 25853

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Molecular Characterization Of Quorum Sensing And Quorum Quenching Mesophilic Microorganisms Isolated From Ulu Slim Hot Spring / Hong Kar Wai, Kar Wai Hong Jan 2014

Molecular Characterization Of Quorum Sensing And Quorum Quenching Mesophilic Microorganisms Isolated From Ulu Slim Hot Spring / Hong Kar Wai, Kar Wai Hong

Student Works (2010-2019)

A wide range of Proteobacteria are known to produce signalling molecules, such as N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) to regulate genes expression in a populationdependent manner, thereby enabling group behavior acted in unison. This mechanism of cell-to-cell communication is known as quorum sensing (QS). In a polymicrobial community, while some bacteria are communicating with neighboring cells, others are interrupting the communication, and the interruption of communication is known as quorum quenching (QQ). In this study, the production and degradation of AHLs by bacteria isolated from Ulu Slim Hot Spring were investigated. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Methylobacterium sp. were found to synthesize AHL in …

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Protoplast Isolation Of Boesenbergia Rotunda Cell Suspension Culture / Tan Hao Cheak, Hao Cheak Tan Jan 2014

Protoplast Isolation Of Boesenbergia Rotunda Cell Suspension Culture / Tan Hao Cheak, Hao Cheak Tan

Student Works (2010-2019)

Establishment of protoplasts system provides a useful platform for cloning and genetic manipulation of ginger plants. In this study, an efficient protocol for developing protoplast isolation and culture for Boesenbergia rotunda has been established. B. rotunda embryogenic cell suspension cultures showed good growth rate (μ = 0.1125) when cultured in plant growth regulator (PGR)-free liquid Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 3 % sucrose, where no promotive effect were observed in the presence of any concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and sonication treatment. This suspension culture was subsequently used as a source to isolate protoplast using enzyme cocktails. …

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Characterisation Of Actinobacteria Isolated From Padina Ap. And Intertidal Sediments Of Tanjung Tuan, Malaysia / Teo Wee Fei Aaron, Wee Fei Aaron Teo Jan 2014

Characterisation Of Actinobacteria Isolated From Padina Ap. And Intertidal Sediments Of Tanjung Tuan, Malaysia / Teo Wee Fei Aaron, Wee Fei Aaron Teo

Student Works (2010-2019)

Microbial populations in human inhabited coastal environment are subject to disturbance and human activity. Thus, the diversity of microbes in this environment is often interesting because of the challenges that the microbial population faced. In this study, actinobacteria was isolated from intertidal sediment samples and Padina antillarum (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) from Tanjung Tuan (Cape Rachado), Port Dickson, Malaysia. Isolates were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening specific for Streptomycetaceae and Micromonosporaceae, prior to characterization by phenotypic characterisation and its genotyping for the purpose of clustering. Molecular identification by 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed five families and nine genera, namely Streptomycetaceae, …

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In-Vitro Investigation Of Anticoagulant Activities In Edible And Medicinal Mushrooms / Teo Chiew Phin, Chiew Phin Teo Jan 2014

In-Vitro Investigation Of Anticoagulant Activities In Edible And Medicinal Mushrooms / Teo Chiew Phin, Chiew Phin Teo

Student Works (2010-2019)

Six mushroom samples (Ganoderma lucidum, Cordyceps militaris, Lignosus rhinocerotis, Pleurotus giganteus, Pleurotus floridanus and Auricularia polytricha) were screened for their anticoagulant activity. Mushroom samples provided were freeze-dried and blended into powder form. Different concentrations of aqueous mushroom extracts were added to one ml of fresh bovine blood and well mixed. From the observations, among the six mushroom samples, only two samples namely A. polytricha and L. rhinocerotis showed anticoagulant activities in the preliminary screening. Crude extracts of A. polytricha and L. rhinocerotis were tested for their In-vitro anti-platelet activity using fresh human blood. Platelet rich plasma 1.3 x 108 was …

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Photosynthetic Studies On Eight Filmy Ferns (Hymenophyllaceae) From Shaded Habitats In Malaysia / Nurul Hafiza Binti Mohammad Rosli, Nurul Hafiza Mohammad Rosli Jan 2014

Photosynthetic Studies On Eight Filmy Ferns (Hymenophyllaceae) From Shaded Habitats In Malaysia / Nurul Hafiza Binti Mohammad Rosli, Nurul Hafiza Mohammad Rosli

Student Works (2010-2019)

The photosynthetic characteristics of eight Malaysian Hymenophyllaceae filmy ferns from shady habitats were investigated in this study. Chlorophyll content was highest in Trichomanes meifolium, followed by Cephalomanes obscurum, Hymenophyllum serrulatum, H. denticulatum, H. javanicum, H. acanthoides, H. exsertum and H. blandum with values ranging from 3.3 to 8.6 mg g-1 fresh weight, compared to two sun ferns, Dicranopteris linearis and Nephrolepis biserrata. Soluble protein content was remarkably high in H. serrulatum, followed by Dicranopteris linearis and Nephrolepis biserrata. Protein to chlorophyll ratio in the filmy ferns was low compared to the sun ferns. Chloroplast number and size ranged between 34 …

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Studies On In Vitro Regeneration And Biological Activities Of Punica Granatum L / Siti Zafirah Binti Azmi, Siti Zafirah Azmi Jan 2014

Studies On In Vitro Regeneration And Biological Activities Of Punica Granatum L / Siti Zafirah Binti Azmi, Siti Zafirah Azmi

Student Works (2010-2019)

The present study deals with tissue culture of Punica granatum L. Nodal stem explant was found to be the best explant which gave the highest shoot number (3.8±0.2) on MS medium supplemented with 1.5 g/L BAP, while shoot tip explant (1.9±0.1cm) on MS medium with 2.0 mg/L BAP gave the best shoot height. MS supplemented with 1.5 mg/L BAP was observed to give the highest shoot production (4.1±0.2) with combination of 40 g/L of sucrose in shoot tip explant. Complete plant regeneration was achieved for both shoot tips and nodal stem explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/L …

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Seasonality And Diversity Of Culturable Vibrions In Tropical Coastal Waters / Mayuree A/P S.Vijayan, Mayuree S.Vijayan Jan 2014

Seasonality And Diversity Of Culturable Vibrions In Tropical Coastal Waters / Mayuree A/P S.Vijayan, Mayuree S.Vijayan

Student Works (2010-2019)

No abstract provided.

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Documentation And Valuation Of Plant Resources Used By The Orang Asli At Kampung Lubuk Ulu Legong, Baling, Kedah / Nur Shahidah Binti Mohammad, Mohammad Nur Shahidah Jan 2014

Documentation And Valuation Of Plant Resources Used By The Orang Asli At Kampung Lubuk Ulu Legong, Baling, Kedah / Nur Shahidah Binti Mohammad, Mohammad Nur Shahidah

Student Works (2010-2019)

This study was carried out to identify, characterize and valuate the plant resource used by the Orang Asli in Kampung Lubuk Ulu Legong, Baling, Kedah. The data for this study was collected through home garden plants survey, wild plant survey and structured interviews with the villagers. During this study a total of 175 plants species were encountered of which 68 species were cultivated, 91 species were wild and 16 species were both cultivated and wild. Among the cultivated plants the family Euphorbiaceae recorded the highest number of species. Among the wild plants, the family Arecaceae recorded the highest number of …

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Synthesis, Characterization And Adsorption Properties Of Molecularly Imprinted Silica Gel For The Removal Of 2-Hydroxybenzoic Acid (2-Ha) From Aqueous Solution / Siti Farhana Bt Abdul Raof, Abdul Raof Siti Farhana Jan 2014

Synthesis, Characterization And Adsorption Properties Of Molecularly Imprinted Silica Gel For The Removal Of 2-Hydroxybenzoic Acid (2-Ha) From Aqueous Solution / Siti Farhana Bt Abdul Raof, Abdul Raof Siti Farhana

Student Works (2010-2019)

A molecularly-imprinted silica gel (MISG) sorbent for selective removal of 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (2-HA) was prepared by a surface imprinting technique with a sol gel process. The 2-HA-imprinted silica sorbent was evaluated by parameters including influence of pH, static, kinetic adsorption and selectivity experiments. The optimum pH for maximum adsorption capacity to the 2-HA appeared around pH 2 by the polymer. Also, the imprinted sorbent has a fast uptake kinetics which is obtained within a short shaking period of 5 min. When the initial concentration of 2-HA solution increases from 20 ppm to 400 ppm, the adsorbed amount of 2-HA increases …

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The Community Structure Of Forensically Important Flies And Beetles On An Altitudinal Gradient On Gunung Ulu Kali, Peninsular Malaysia / Thary Bin Gazi, Thary Gazi Jan 2014

The Community Structure Of Forensically Important Flies And Beetles On An Altitudinal Gradient On Gunung Ulu Kali, Peninsular Malaysia / Thary Bin Gazi, Thary Gazi

Student Works (2010-2019)

While present in crime scenes and succession studies, little is known about the ecology and taxonomy of forensically important necrophagus beetles. Natural gradients such as mountains were used to determine how certain groups of animals react to changes in the environment. A survey of forensically important beetles was conducted along an altitudinal gradient on Gunung Ulu Kali using pitfall trapping. The corresponding diversity of blowflies was collected in the same site. Thirty three species of beetles were recorded, with the highest species richness found in the lowland forest at 200m. The beetle and fly communities above 1000m height had less …

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Alkaloids Of Catharanthus Roseus And Their Hypoglycemic Activity / Tiong Soon Huat, Soon Huat Tiong Jan 2014

Alkaloids Of Catharanthus Roseus And Their Hypoglycemic Activity / Tiong Soon Huat, Soon Huat Tiong

Student Works (2010-2019)

Catharanthus roseus is a medicinal shrub plant used in traditional medicine treatment by local in India, South Africa, China and Malaysia for diabetes. Six known alkaloids and one new alkaloid namely, vindoline, vindolinine, perivine, vindorosine, vindolicine, serpentine and vindogentianine were isolated and identified from dichloromethane extract of Catharanthus roseus’ leaves. The leaves dichloromethane extract of Catharanthus roseus and alkaloids were not cytotoxic towards β-TC6 cells at 50.0 μg/mL except vindolinine and perivine with IC50 at 20.5 ± 3.6 and 46.7 ± 4.4 μg/mL. All five alkaloids tested showed higher glucose uptake in β-TC6 cells at treatment of 12.5 μg/mL and …

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Chemical Constituents Of Ochreinauclea Maingayii (Hook.F.) Ridsd. (Rubiaceae) / Norfaizah Osman, Norfaizah Osman Jan 2014

Chemical Constituents Of Ochreinauclea Maingayii (Hook.F.) Ridsd. (Rubiaceae) / Norfaizah Osman, Norfaizah Osman

Student Works (2010-2019)

A study of chemical constituents from the leaves and bark of Ochreinauclea maingayii (Hook. f.) Ridsd. from the family Rubiaceae has been carried out. Nine compounds were successfully isolated and purified by applying chromatography techniques such as column chromatography (CC), thin layer chromatography (TLC) and preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC). The compounds were harmane 38, naucledine 5, cadamine 42, isodihydrocadambine 78, neonaucline 79, cinnamide 81, benzamide 80, blumenol A 75 and ursolic acid 73. Neonaucline 75 is a new compound from the leaves of this species. All structures were elucidated by the means of spectroscopic method; 1H, 13C NMR, 2D …

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Cytotoxic Activity And Chemical Investigations Of Alpinia Scabra (Blume) Naves / Annushuya A/P Subba Reddy, Annushuya Subba Reddy Jan 2014

Cytotoxic Activity And Chemical Investigations Of Alpinia Scabra (Blume) Naves / Annushuya A/P Subba Reddy, Annushuya Subba Reddy

Student Works (2010-2019)

Alpinia scabra (Blume) Náves belonging to the botanical family Zingiberaceae, is an aromatic, perennial and rhizomatous herb, which is sometimes known by its vernacular name ‘Lengkuas raya’ among the locals. It is a wild species which grows largely on mountains at moderate elevations in Peninsular Malaysia, but it can also survive in lowlands like in the states of Terengganu and Northern Johor. The experimental approach in the present study was based on bioassay-guided fractionation. The methanol and fractionated extracts (hexane, chloroform and water) of A. scabra leaves, rhizomes, roots and pseudo stems were investigated for their cytotoxic effect against selected …

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Investigation On Pema/Pvdf–Hfp Blend Polymer Electrolytes Incorporated With Carbonate–Based Plasticizers And Imidazolium–Based Ionic Liquids / Sim Li Na, Li Na Sim Jan 2014

Investigation On Pema/Pvdf–Hfp Blend Polymer Electrolytes Incorporated With Carbonate–Based Plasticizers And Imidazolium–Based Ionic Liquids / Sim Li Na, Li Na Sim

Student Works (2010-2019)

Lithium ion–based polymer blend electrolytes are developed. Poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA)/poly(vinylidene fluoride–co–hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF–HFP) blend is used as polymer host and lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiTf) salt is used as lithium ion (Li+) source. Reflux and solution cast techniques are employed to produce sample films. Optimized polymer blend–salt composition is added with varied weight percentages (wt. %) of ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC) as plasticizers as well as 1–butyl–3–methyl imidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (BMITf) and 1–butyl–3–methyl imidazolium iodide (BMII) ionic liquids. Five polymer electrolyte systems are used in this project: PEMA/PVdF–HFP–LiTf, PEMA/PVdF–HFP–LiTf–EC, PEMA/PVdF–HFP–LiTf–PC, PEMA/PVdF–HFP–LiTf–BMII and PEMA/PVdF–HFP–LiTf–BMITf. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies show that the …

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Synthesis And Characterization Of Oxide Nanostructures / Nurulain Binti Samat, Nurulain Samat Jan 2014

Synthesis And Characterization Of Oxide Nanostructures / Nurulain Binti Samat, Nurulain Samat

Student Works (2010-2019)

This dissertation presents the report on a study of synthesis and characterization of oxide nanostructures. The nanostructures of SiO2 are synthesized using carbothermal reduction method. SiO2NWs formed on the silicon substrate in the variation of growth temperature and deposition time for both undoped and Cu-doped SiO2. The nanowires are then characterized by FESEM and EDX analysis. Using the same method, ZnO nanostructures are synthesized at difference growth temperature. It is found that the temperatures have changed the ZnO nanostructures from uniform crystal films to sharp ellipsoidal shape. Meanwhile, the Al-doped ZnO changed the structure into highly density ZnO nanorods. Field …

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Phytochemicals And Bioactivities Of Cryptocarya Nigra (Lauraceae) / Ayu Afiqah Nasrullah, Nasrullah Ayu Afiqah Jan 2014

Phytochemicals And Bioactivities Of Cryptocarya Nigra (Lauraceae) / Ayu Afiqah Nasrullah, Nasrullah Ayu Afiqah

Student Works (2010-2019)

Phytochemical study and biological activity were conducted on Cryptocarya nigra (Lauraceae). C. nigra plant sample were collected from the Ulu Sat Reserved Forest, Machang, Kelantan. Isolation of the secondary metabolites involved extraction, fractionation, and purification, using various chromatographic techniques. The structural elucidations were carried out via spectroscopic methods; notably 1D and 2D NMR (COSY, HMQC, HMBC, NOE-DIFF), MS, IR, UV and comparison with published data. In this study, a total of 8 known compounds were isolated from the samples of this plant species. Three phenanthrene alkaloids, namely atherosperminine 11, 2-hydroxyatherosperminine 20, noratherosperminine 47, and a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid, (+)-N-methylisocolaurine 46 were …

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Archaea Diversity In The Coastal Waters Of West Peninsular Malaysia / Saw Suet Yit, Suet Yit Saw Jan 2014

Archaea Diversity In The Coastal Waters Of West Peninsular Malaysia / Saw Suet Yit, Suet Yit Saw

Student Works (2010-2019)

In this study, we explored the archaea diversity in four locations (Kuala Selangor, Port Klang, Port Dickson, Sungai Muar) along the Straits of Malacca using the cloning method. Four 16S rDNA clone libraries were constructed with archaea specific primers (Arc21F and Arc958R), and in total, 1074 randomly selected clones were screened by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis using three different restriction enzymes (RsaI, CfoI, and DdeI). Majority of the sequences from three clone libraries were affiliated to Euryarchaeota whereas one clone library (Kuala Selangor) was dominated by Thaumarchaeota sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA sequences showed high archaea diversity …

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Ao-Benzothiazole Chromophore Based Liquid Crystalline Monomers And Their Polymerization For New Side Chain Liquid Crystalline Polymers / Md. Rabiul Karim, Md. Rabiul Karim Jan 2014

Ao-Benzothiazole Chromophore Based Liquid Crystalline Monomers And Their Polymerization For New Side Chain Liquid Crystalline Polymers / Md. Rabiul Karim, Md. Rabiul Karim

Student Works (2010-2019)

Azo-benzothiazole chromophore based new polymerizable liquid crystalline (LC) monomers, M1-M10, having different terminal substituents (CH3, OCH3, OC2H5, F, Cl etc.) at the sixth position on the benzothiazole moiety were successfully synthesized via azo coupling followed by etherification and esterification reactions. The newly synthesized monomers showed good to excellent thermal stability with decomposition temperatures corresponding to 5% weight loss in the range of 280-320oC. The LC properties of the synthesized monomers were confirmed via DSC and POM. Monomers (M1, M5 and M6) bearing H, F and Cl at the sixth position on the benzothiazole moiety revealed only smectic phase whereas CH3, …

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Spectroscopic Analysis Of Dna Strands Influenced By Magnetic Field / Seyedeh Maryam Banihashemian, Seyedeh Maryam Banihashemian Jan 2014

Spectroscopic Analysis Of Dna Strands Influenced By Magnetic Field / Seyedeh Maryam Banihashemian, Seyedeh Maryam Banihashemian

Student Works (2010-2019)

In recent years, the number of research related to biological sensing devices has increased tremendously. Investigations related to environmental effects on DNA involve multidisciplinary studies and are actively pursued due to its novelty. Studies on the behavior of some optical parameters of DNA under the influence of external magnetic field are therefore very interesting as it can lead to important applications in the biomedical field and electronics. These studies have been made possible with the availability and practicability of many highend optical measurement systems, which are currently available. In this work, spectroscopic characterizations on diluted DNA under external magnetic field …

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Synthesis, Characterization And Biological Applications Of Some Acetylpyridine, Acetophenone Derivatives And Their Metal Complexes / Nura Suleiman Gwaram, Nura Suleiman Gwaram Jan 2014

Synthesis, Characterization And Biological Applications Of Some Acetylpyridine, Acetophenone Derivatives And Their Metal Complexes / Nura Suleiman Gwaram, Nura Suleiman Gwaram

Student Works (2010-2019)

A series of compounds derived from 2-acetylpyridne or acetophenones with morpholine, piperazine and piperidine moeity were synthesized and structurally characterized. The compounds were analysed for in silico, in vitro and in vivo biological applications (anti-cancer, anti-bacteria, anti-Alzheimer and anti-ulcer). They were first screened for in vitro anti-bacterial activity against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Acinetobacter baumanni (AC), Klebsiella pneumonie (KB) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) using the disc diffusion and micro broth dilution assays. Based on the overall results, they showed the highest activities against MRSA while a weak antibacterial activity was observed against A. baumanii and P. Aeruginosa. Another second series …

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Rheological Evaluation Of Chitonated Fatty Acid Liposome In Carbohydrate-Based Gel / Tan Hsiao Wei, Hsiao Wei Tan Jan 2014

Rheological Evaluation Of Chitonated Fatty Acid Liposome In Carbohydrate-Based Gel / Tan Hsiao Wei, Hsiao Wei Tan

Student Works (2010-2019)

Liposome in gel preparation has opened up a new dimension in pharmaceutical formulation especially topical application as gels usually have longer contact time with the skin. In this study, the liposomal gel was prepared by mixing surface modified oleic acid (OA) liposomes into a carbohydrate based gel. The surface of oleic acid liposomes was modified using different molecular weight of chitosan (Ch1 and Ch2) and Npalmitoyl chitosan with different degree of acylation (Ch2P1 and Ch2P2) thereby providing a cloak structure on the surface of the liposomes. The surface modification of the OA liposomes by the Chs (Ch1 and Ch2) and …

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Purification And Characterization Of Isoforms Of Glutathione S-Transferase (Gst) From Acinetobacter Calcoaceticus Y1 / Chee Chin Soon, Chin Soon Chee Jan 2014

Purification And Characterization Of Isoforms Of Glutathione S-Transferase (Gst) From Acinetobacter Calcoaceticus Y1 / Chee Chin Soon, Chin Soon Chee

Student Works (2010-2019)

Bacteria were isolated from chemically-contaminated soil and the isolates were screened for glutathione S-transferase (GST) expression by spraying with monochlorobimane. The isolate with the most promising GST activity was later identified as Acinetobacter calcoacticus Y1 based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence. By using affinity chromatography, A. calcoaceticus Y1 putative GST (AcGST) was successfully purified and expressed GST subunit with molecular weight estimated at 23 kDa when analysed on sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The purified protein was then further analysed by using two-dimensional electrophoresis where two putative GST isozymes were identified and designated as AcGST-1 and AcGST-2. …

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Strategic Environmental Assessment Policy Systems Model For Solid Waste Management In Malaysia / Dennis Jeyakumar Victor Devaraj, Dennis Jeyakumar Victor Devaraj Jan 2014

Strategic Environmental Assessment Policy Systems Model For Solid Waste Management In Malaysia / Dennis Jeyakumar Victor Devaraj, Dennis Jeyakumar Victor Devaraj

Student Works (2010-2019)

This study has examined the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) policy framework for integrating environmental requirements in solid waste management (SWM) policies, plans and programmes (PPP) in Malaysia. The key problem the study frames is the lack of environmental policy integration for SWM. Currently, environmental issues are mainly addressed during the environmental impact assessments (EIA) of SWM facilities, which have resulted in environmental pollution, public protest and public litigation.

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A Comparative Study Of Mineral Contents In Selected Malaysian Brown Rice And White Rice / Bagirathy A/P Govarethinam, Bagirathy Govarethinam Jan 2014

A Comparative Study Of Mineral Contents In Selected Malaysian Brown Rice And White Rice / Bagirathy A/P Govarethinam, Bagirathy Govarethinam

Student Works (2010-2019)

In the present study, concentration of minerals Na, Mg, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn in selected commercially available brown rice and white rice from Malaysia were determined using microwave assisted digestion with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The data obtained were evaluated using chemometric tools. Hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis visually reveal the natural clustering of rice sample into two distinct clusters where brown rice are associated with higher mineral concentration. The statistics show that all the mineral concentrations found in brown rice are significantly higher than those found in white rice (P<0.001). As a whole, the mean concentration of minerals follow a trend of K>Mg>Zn>Mn …

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Fungal Suppressive Activities Of Selected Rhizospheric Streptomyces Spp. Isolated From Hylocereus Polyrhizus / Kamalanathan Ramachandaran, Kamalanathan Ramachandaran Jan 2014

Fungal Suppressive Activities Of Selected Rhizospheric Streptomyces Spp. Isolated From Hylocereus Polyrhizus / Kamalanathan Ramachandaran, Kamalanathan Ramachandaran

Student Works (2010-2019)

Actinomycetes, mainly Streptomyces spp., have been extensively studied as potential biocontrol agents against plant pathogenic fungi. This study was aimed at isolating and screening Streptomyces strains from rhizosphere soils of Hylocereus polyrhizus collected in Kuala Pilah for potential in vitro antifungal activity. A total of 162 putative strains of actinomycetes was isolated from moist-heat treated soil plated on starchcasein-nitrate agar, humic-acid-vitamin agar and raffinose-histidine agar. Based on the ability to produce abundant aerial mycelium, 110 strains were categorised as Streptomycete-like. Seven main groups based on aerial mycelium colour observed in this study were grey (41.4%), white (37.7%), brown (8.0%), orange …

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Fish And Trophic Connectivity Across Coral Reef And Mangrove Habitats Of North Eastern Langkawi Island, Peninsular Malaysia / Lau Chai Ming, Chai Ming Lau Jan 2014

Fish And Trophic Connectivity Across Coral Reef And Mangrove Habitats Of North Eastern Langkawi Island, Peninsular Malaysia / Lau Chai Ming, Chai Ming Lau

Student Works (2010-2019)

The presence of disparate biotopes of coral reefs and mangroves in one general area is unique. These biotopes may form ecologically connected ecosystems when occurring in close proximity such as in tropical Langkawi Island, Malaysia. Connected marine biotopes can provide various ecological services to fish community such as nursery, feeding habitats and shelter. As such, this study aims to test two hypotheses regarding Langkawi’s coral reefs and mangroves 1) the biotopes are ecologically connected via habitat utilization by the fish fauna and 2) the biotopes are ecologically connected via trophic energy pathways. Gill nets and fish pots were deployed to …

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Synthesis And Antioxidant Properties Of Some New Di-Tert-Butylphenol Derivatives Bearing Heterocyclic Ring / Raied Mustafa Shakir, Raied Mustafa Shakir Jan 2014

Synthesis And Antioxidant Properties Of Some New Di-Tert-Butylphenol Derivatives Bearing Heterocyclic Ring / Raied Mustafa Shakir, Raied Mustafa Shakir

Student Works (2010-2019)

The hindered phenolic compounds are known as one of the important antioxidants. Eleven new derivatives of aryl 1,3,4-oxadiazoles containing 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol were synthesized to increase the antioxidant ability. These oxadiazoles (coded as 2.12-2.22) were synthesized through the condensation of different aryl hydrazides with 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid in the presence of POCl3 as a dehydrating agent. The DPPH and FRAP assays showed that the antioxidant ability of these compounds depends on the type of substituents and their position in the phenyl ring. The sequence of substituents in order of their antioxidant activity are found to be 4-OH > 2-Me > 2,4-di-Me > 4-Me > OMe ≈ OEt …

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Revision Of Codonoboea Sect. Boeopsis And Sect. Salicini (Gesneriaceae) In Peninsular Malaysia / Lim Chung Lu, Chung Lu Lim Jan 2014

Revision Of Codonoboea Sect. Boeopsis And Sect. Salicini (Gesneriaceae) In Peninsular Malaysia / Lim Chung Lu, Chung Lu Lim

Student Works (2010-2019)

Peninsular Malaysia is the centre of diversity of the genus Codonoboea Ridl. with 74 species recorded. In this study, species from sect. Boeopsis (11 spp.) and sect. Salicini (4 spp.) are studied. There are four objectives in this study, namely to provide detailed descriptions of species and a key to species of both sect. Boeopsis and sect. Salicini. Secondly, to produce distribution maps and assess conservation status of the species. Then thirdly, to determine whether all species with pollen flowers in Codonoboea are monophyletic using morphology and molecular phylogenetic data. And fourth and lastly, to determine the trend of evolution …

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Extraction And Separation Of Parabens In Aqueous Biphasic Systems / Noorashikin Binti Md Saleh, Md Saleh Noorashikin Jan 2014

Extraction And Separation Of Parabens In Aqueous Biphasic Systems / Noorashikin Binti Md Saleh, Md Saleh Noorashikin

Student Works (2010-2019)

In this study, five systems for extraction of parabens were developed, namely ionic liquid based aqueous two-phase system (IL-ATPS), ionic liquid based aqueous two-phase system with β-cyclodextrin (IL-βCD-ATPS), cloud point extraction (CPE-DC193C), cloud point extraction with β-cyclodextrin (CPE-DC193C-βCD) and cloud point extraction with β-cyclodextrin-ionic liquid (CPE-DC193C-βCD-IL). These five developed methods have been optimized in order to get the optimum conditions for phase separation of parabens in water samples. These new, green, fast and simple extraction techniques coupled with a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) showed excellent results for extracting parabens from aqueous samples. β-CD and βCD-IL as modifiers improved …

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Effects Of Tea (Camellia Sinensis) On Antioxidant Potential And Fermentation Characteristics Of Yogurt / Premalatha A/P Muniandy, Premalatha Muniandy Jan 2014

Effects Of Tea (Camellia Sinensis) On Antioxidant Potential And Fermentation Characteristics Of Yogurt / Premalatha A/P Muniandy, Premalatha Muniandy

Student Works (2010-2019)

The present study investigated the effects of green, white and black tea (Camellia sinensis; 2% w/v) on the fermentation of milk and antioxidant potential of yogurt. Each tea (water extract) was added into milk-starter culture mixture and incubation was carried out at 42°C until pH was reduced to 4.5. The yogurts were then refrigerated (4°C) for up to 21 days and samples were analysed for antioxidant potential (diphenyl picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and ferrous ion chelating (FIC) assays), pH, titratable acid and viable yogurt bacteria counts. Tea yogurts had higher antioxidant potentials (p < 0.05) than plain yogurt with green tea yogurt (GTY) having the highest FRAP (2.49 - 2.98 mmol Fe2+ E/L) and black tea yogurt (BTY) having the highest FIC (87.50 - 89.87 %) activity throughout the storage period. Both GTY (90.07 - 96.74%) and white tea yogurt (WTY; 89.83 - 96.39%) showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity throughout the storage period. The presence of green and black tea water extracts prolonged the milk fermentation time (>270 minutes …

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