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Dopamine Transporter (Dat), Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor (Nachr), And Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 2 (Mglu2) Irreversible Probes For Identifying Anti-Psychostimulant Therapeutics, Shaili Aggarwal

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies implicate that certain ligands that interact with DAT, nAChRs, and mGlu2 have tremendous potential as anti-addiction therapeutics. However, understanding how these promising anti-addiction compounds interact with their major drug targets at the molecular level is limited because of the absence of human DAT, nAChRs, and mGlu2 x-ray crystal structures. This knowledge gap is important towards rationally designing new therapeutics for psychostimulant abuse and addiction. The objective of this research was to develop irreversible chemical probes based on promising anti-addiction lead compounds (i.e., pyrovalerone, bupropion, BINA, etc) to map their binding sites and poses …

Dopamine Transporter (Dat) And Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 (Mglu5) Irreversible Probes For Identifying Anti-Psychostimulant Therapeutics, Ranganadh Velagaleti

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Numerous behavioral studies indicate that dopamine transporter (DAT) inhibitors and metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) possess promising anti-addiction therapeutic properties. However, the lack of human DAT (hDAT) and mGlu5 X-ray crystal structures makes it difficult to understand how these promising anti-addiction compounds interact with their major drug targets at the molecular level. This knowledge gap represents an important problem towards rationally designing new therapeutics for numerous addiction disorders. The objective of this research was to develop irreversible chemical probes based on select DAT inhibitors and mGlu5 NAMs in order to map the corresponding binding sites and …

University Of Texas Health Science Center At Tyler Catalog, 2014 - 2016, University Of Texas Health Science Center At Tyler

Catalogs

No abstract provided.

Aquaporins Are Critical For Provision Of Water During Lactation And Intrauterine Progeny Hydration To Maintain Tsetse Fly Reproductive Success, Joshua B. Benoit, Immo A. Hansen, Geoffrey M. Attardo, Veronika Michalková, Paul O. Mireji, Joel L. Bargul, Lisa L. Drake, Daniel K. Masiga, Serap Aksoy

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Tsetse flies undergo drastic fluctuations in their water content throughout their adult life history due to events such as blood feeding, dehydration and lactation, an essential feature of the viviparous reproductive biology of tsetse. Aquaporins (AQPs) are transmembrane proteins that allow water and other solutes to permeate through cellular membranes. Here we identify tsetse aquaporin (AQP) genes, examine their expression patterns under different physiological conditions (blood feeding, lactation and stress response) and perform functional analysis of three specific genes utilizing RNA interference (RNAi) gene silencing. Ten putative aquaporins were identified in the Glossina morsitans morsitans (Gmm) genome, two more than …

Changing The Climate Narrative: How A Long-Term Climate Change Might Save Our Lives, Natalie P. Harreld

CMC Senior Theses

The goal of this paper is to offer new insights into the climate change debate by shifting away from the heated anthropologic arguments that dominate politics, media, and popular science. Instead, I choose to rely on the long-term impacts of a changing climate on our planet. The paper begins with a break down of key processes involved in short-term and long-term climate change, using the latest research. After a foundational understanding of climate sciences is established, we will discuss the failure of the climate change debate in educating the general public about the facts of a changing climate. Finally, the …

Investigating The Interactions Between Cyanobacteria And Vibrio Parahaemolyticus, Caroline E. Ward

Honors Theses and Capstones

One well-known pathogen that has been the topic of many recent studies is Vibrio parahaemolyticus, which causes thousands of foodborne illnesses a year, mostly from the ingestion of raw or undercooked oysters. It has been shown cyanobacteria can act as a long-term reservoir of Vibrio cholerae, another pathogenic Vibrio, by encasing the cells within mucilaginous sheaths during which Vibrios enter a viable but non-culturable state. In this study we investigated the interaction of V. parahaemolyticus with cyanobacteria to determine whether cyanobacteria aid in the longevity and survival of V. parahaemolyticus. We found that non-pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus …

Complexity Of Breastfeeding Health Policy In Tanzania, Africa, Theresa Thompson

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate Tanzanian health policy regarding the protection and promotion of breastfeeding.

Country Profile: Tanzania is a United Republic composed of the mainland and also the islands of Zanzibar. Tanzania is located in east Africa with a population of approximately 46 million. About 1.6 million babies are born each year in Tanzania, however only approximately 140,000 are registered annually. Tanzania’s infant mortality rate is 68 infant deaths per 1000 live births. Tanzania makes up for approximately 0.5% of the world population but 2% of the global infant death.

Approaches: In this study, the …

Alteration Of Host Cell Ubiquitination By The Intracellular Bacterial Pathogen Coxiella Burnetii, Lindsay Pritchett, Daniel E. Voth

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

The intracellular bacterial agent of Q fever, Coxiella burnetii, replicates within a phagolysosomelike parasitophorous vacuole (PV) in human macrophages and delivers effector proteins to the host cytosol via a Dot/Icm type IV secretion system (T4SS). The T4SS effectors are critical for PV formation and prevention of host cell death that allows sufficient time for bacterial replication. Recruitment of ubiquitin-related components to the C. burnetii PV is also predicted to be involved in PV formation and bacterial replication and is likely controlled by effector proteins. In this study, we assessed the role of the Dot/Icm T4SS in regulating ubiquitination by comparing …

Sovereignty, Citizenship, And Public Health In The United States, Polly J. Price

Faculty Articles

Sovereign boundaries, state borders, and distinctions between citizens and non-citizens undermine public health in the United States in a number of ways. For historical reasons, we are prone to view immigration and public health as separate interests, but they are in fact convergent. Historically, federal authority over immigration alleviated costs otherwise borne by state and local governments. Today, however, states are primarily responsible for the prevention and control of communicable disease acquired outside U.S. borders. The federal and state governments confront a stark division of authority with respect to non-citizens: The federal government decides which non-citizens to admit into the …

Comments: What's Yours Is Ours? Gamete Donation In The Marital Context: Why Courts And Legislatures Should Not Interfere With An Individual's Fundamental Right To Privacy, Emily K. Alt

University of Baltimore Law Review

No abstract provided.

Pubh 510.50: Introduction To Epidemiology, Curtis W. Noonan

University of Montana Course Syllabi

No abstract provided.

We’Ll Meet Again: Revealing Distributional And Temporal Patterns Of Social Contact, Thorsten Pachur, Lael J. Schooler, Jeffrey R. Stevens

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

What are the dynamics and regularities underlying social contact, and how can contact with the people in one’s social network be predicted? In order to characterize distributional and temporal patterns underlying contact probability, we asked 40 participants to keep a diary of their social contacts for 100 consecutive days. Using a memory framework previously used to study environmental regularities, we predicted that the probability of future contact would follow in systematic ways from the frequency, recency, and spacing of previous contact. The distribution of contact probability across the members of a person’s social network was highly skewed, following an exponential …

Fate Of Antimicrobials And Antimicrobial Resistance Genes In Simulated Swine Manure Storage, Stacey R. Joy, Xu Li, Daniel D. Snow, John Gilley, Bryan L. Woodbury, Shannon L. Bartelt-Hunt

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

The behavior of three antibiotics (bacitracin, chlortetracycline, and tylosin) and two classes of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), tet and erm, were monitored in swine manure slurry under anaerobic conditions. First-order decay rates were determined for each antibiotic with half-lives ranging from1 day (chlortetracycline) to 10 days (tylosin). ARGs were monitored in the swine manure slurry, and losses of approximately 1 to 3 orders of magnitude in relative abundance were observed during the 40 day storage period. First-order degradation profiles were observed for chlortetracycline and its corresponding resistance genes, tet(X) and tet(Q). Tylosin was degraded to approximately 10% …

Developmental Origins Of Pregnancy Loss In The Adult Female Common Marmoset Monkey (Callithrix Jacchus), J. N. Rutherford, V. A. Demartelly, D. G. Layne Colon, Corinna N. Ross, S. D. Tardif

Biology Faculty Publications (Archived)

Background: The impact of the intrauterine environment on the developmental programming of adult female reproductive success is still poorly understood and potentially underestimated. Litter size variation in a nonhuman primate, the common marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus), allows us to model the effects of varying intrauterine environments (e.g. nutrient restriction, exposure to male womb-mates) on the risk of losing fetuses in adulthood. Our previous work has characterized the fetuses of triplet pregnancies as experiencing intrauterine nutritional restriction. Methodology/Principal Findings: We used over a decade of demographic data from the Southwest National Primate Research Center common marmoset colony. We evaluated differences between …

Hiv Infrastructure Study Columbia, Sc, Susan S. Reif, Elena Wilson, Carolyn Mcallaster

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Outlook Magazine, Autumn 2014

Outlook Magazine

No abstract provided.

The Impact Of Pneumonia On Hospital Stay Among Patients Hospitalized For Acute Stroke, Behzad Bijani, Hossein Mozhdehipanah, Hassan Jahanihashemi, Samaneh Azizi

Neurosciences

OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of pneumonia on length of hospital stay in cases of acute stroke. METHODS: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study on 368 stroke patients admitted with a diagnosis of stroke at the Avicenna Hospital, Qazvin, Iran between January 2010 and March 2011. By reviewing the hospital patient records, the demographic characteristics, stroke characteristics, and complications of stroke in these patients were determined during their hospital stay. In surviving patients, the impact of each variable on length of hospital stay was calculated by logistic regression analysis and the Log-Rank test. RESULTS: Patients with pneumonia during the post …

Right Upper-Quadrant Pain In A Patient With Drug Abuse, Secondary Syphilis And Occult Hepatitis B Virus, Cory M. Fielding, Paul Angulo

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVE: To describe the etiology of hepatitis and identify occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND INTERVENTION: A 40-year-old man presented with severe abdominal pain and jaundice, a history of acute HBV infection that had cleared as well as the use of acetaminophen, methamphetamine, buprenorphine and marijuana. He admitted to having had unprotected sex with multiple partners of both genders. A thorough skin examination revealed papulosquamous lesions on his penis, scrotum, upper and lower extremities and feet. Transaminases and bilirubin were elevated. His rapid plasma reagin was reactive, and hepatitis serologies showed occult HBV. Liver biopsy showed severe …

Differentiation Of U-937 Monocytes To Macrophage-Like Cells Polarized Into M1 Or M2 Phenotypes According To Their Specific Environment: A Study Of Morphology, Cell Viability, And Cd Markers Of An In Vitro Model Of Human Macrophages, Fatma Husien S. Abdulhadi

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

In this study, the human leukemic monocyte lymphoma cell line U-937 was used as an in vitro model for monitoring monocyte/macrophage differentiation. Phorbol 12- myristate (13) (PMA) was used to activate U-937 cells into macrophage-like cells (M0). After 24 hours of PMA treatment, non- adherent U-937 cells became tightly adherent to the culture plates forming M0 cells. M0 cells were then polarized into the M1 macrophage phenotype by treatment with LPS and IFN-γ for another 24 hours. Each of the cytokines IL-4, IL-13, or IL-10 was applied separately to three M0 cultures for 24 hours to induce the M2 macrophage …

Childhood Growth In An Oneota Community: Examining Long Bone Growth Differences In The The Juveniles At Norris Farms 36, Whitney Broughton

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Oneota migration into the central Illinois River valley around ad 1300 resulted in a number of different interactions with Mississippian groups. Milner and colleagues (1991) identified significant numbers of perimortem injuries at the Norris farms 36 cemetery, along with biological markers for poor health, such as cribra orbitalia and porotic hyperostosis. They suggested that the threat of violence may have forced the Oneonta at Morton village to limit subsistence activities to circumscribed areas close to the settlement, thereby reducing the resource base and negatively impacting the health of the community. However, recent research (Bengtson et al. 2012; Bengtson and O'Gorman …

Is Marital Status A Determinant Of Self-Monitoring Of Blood Glucose?, Jasmine Evelyn Dixon Jones

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Glycemic control is one of the most important aspects of diabetes management and is necessary for the prevention or delay of complications associated with diabetes mellitus (DM). Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is a technique used achieve glycemic control by revealing day-to-day changes in blood glucose levels. Since marriage protective effects have been shown for mortality, especially for men, it is useful to determine whether a similar relationship is found between marriage and SMBG. The purpose of this study is to examine whether marital status is a determinant of SMBG, when controlling for other variables, and whether marital status determines …

Exploring Perceived Benefits Of And Barriers To The Use Of Pet Therapy Dogs In A Private School For Children With Special Needs, Sarah Wodder

PCOM Psychology Dissertations

Evidence-based psychotherapy is becoming an increasingly accepted way for individuals to manage a variety of clinical disorders and psychosocial stressors. Complementary therapies are designed to support, facilitate, or enhance existing treatment strategies. Animal-assisted therapy (AAT) is one such complementary treatment, in which animals are deliberately included in psychotherapeutic treatment plans in order to facilitate pre-designed treatment goals. Current literature suggests that AAT could have a multitude of benefits for both adults and children for an array of disorders and disabilities. Currently, there is a limited understanding of how AAT might contribute to learning and development for children with special needs. …

Impact Of Routine Immunization Coverage In Controlling Measles And Progressing Toward The Introduction Of Rubella Containing Vaccine: A Comparison Study Between Rwanda And Uganda, Carmen Kupangi Dibaya

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Despite the existence of safe and effective vaccines, measles and rubella present a major public health problem in many developing countries, disproportionally affecting low-income populations.1-3 Indeed, measles and rubella remain two of the leading causes of death and congenital defects in children worldwide.4-6 In 2008, an estimated 10 million new cases and 164,000 deaths were reported from measles alone.3 During the same time period, the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) reported an estimated 110,000 cases of Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) in developing countries, with the continent of Africa shouldering 38% of the disease burden.7 Measles is a highly …

Distribution Of Wildlife Rabies In Central Appalachia And Analysis Of Factors Influencing Human Exposure, Sara J. Reilly

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Abstract Background: The rabies virus is a Lyssavirus of the family Rhabdoviridae which affects all mammals and causes progressive encephalomyelitis that is fatal in nearly one hundred percent of untreated cases. In the United States, wildlife act as the primary reservoir for rabies and prevention, surveillance, and control costs remain high. The purpose of this study is to understand the current distribution of wildlife rabies in Central Appalachia, as well as identify any demographic or geographic factors which may affect the risk of human exposure at the county level. Methods: A spatial statistical analysis using StatScan was performed to identify …

Prevalence Of The Amphibian Chytrid Fungus Among Zoo And Pet Store Collections In The Northeastern United States, Harrison D. Winters, Katherine M. Albertini, Laura E. Neely, Mizuki Takahashi

Faculty Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

Hslic Annual Report Fy2013-14, Health Sciences Library And Informatics Center

HSLIC Annual Reports

No abstract provided.

Association Between Parity And Rubella Seropositivity Among Older Reproductive-Age Women, Ibtisam Salim Awadh

Master of Medicine in Obstetrics and Gynecology

Background: Rubella virus when it infects a non-pregnant adult or child usually causes a mild febrile rash illness. However, infection in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy causes miscarriages, stillbirths or foetal anomalies known as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Factors associated with rubella immunity include age and parity. No studies have been done to isolate the association of parity independent of age. Objectives: To determine the seroprevalence of rubella IgG antibodies among nulliparous and multiparous women of the same age-group attending various clinics in Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Design: A cross-sectional study of women attending a tertiary hospital, Nairobi, …

Behavior Change Techniques Implemented In Electronic Lifestyle Activity Monitors: A Systematic Content Analysis, Elizabeth J. Lyons, Zakkiyya H. Lewis, Brian G. Mayrsohn, Jennifer L. Rowland

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Background: Electronic activity monitors (such as those manufactured by Fitbit, Jawbone, and Nike) improve on standard pedometers by providing automated feedback and interactive behavior change tools via mobile device or personal computer. These monitors are commercially popular and show promise for use in public health interventions. However, little is known about the content of their feedback applications and how individual monitors may differ from one another. Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the behavior change techniques implemented in commercially available electronic activity monitors. Methods: Electronic activity monitors (N=13) were systematically identified and tested by 3 trained coders …

The Potential Impact Of Expanding Target Age Groups For Polio Immunization Campaigns, Radboud J. Duintjer Tebbens, Dominika A. Kalkowska, Steven G. F. Wassilak, Mark A. Pallansch, Stephen L. Cochi, Kimberly M. Thompson

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Background: Global efforts to eradicate wild polioviruses (WPVs) continue to face challenges due to uninterrupted endemic WPV transmission in three countries and importation-related outbreaks into previously polio-free countries. We explore the potential role of including older children and adults in supplemental immunization activities (SIAs) to more rapidly increase population immunity and prevent or stop transmission. Methods: We use a differential equation-based dynamic poliovirus transmission model to analyze the epidemiological impact and vaccine resource implications of expanding target age groups in SIAs. We explore the use of older age groups in SIAs for three situations: alternative responses to the 2010 outbreak …

Tigecycline For Severe Clostridium Difficile Infection, Ashley Thomas, Farhan Khan, Nizam Uddin, Mark R. Wallace

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Limited data suggest that tigecycline may be of value in the treatment of Clostridiumdifficile infection. We reviewed our experience using tigecycline to treat severe c. difficile and compared outcomes to similarly ill patients who did not receive tigecycline. We found no difference between the groups. Further study is needed before tigecycline can be recommended for use in severe C. difficile infection.