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Evaluation Of Malaria Cases In Individuals After Traveling To Endemic Regions Of The World, Hülya Çaşkurlu, Emi̇ne Pakir, Aslihan Çolak

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

This study evaluates types of malaria and treatment success in a series of identified cases among individuals who were presumed to have travelled to regions where malaria is endemic. Materials and methods: In Sema Hospital, 25 cases of malaria (5 in women, 20 in men) were diagnosed during the 6-year period between 2006 and 2012. The mean age of the patients was 34.5 years. Diagnoses were established with thick and thin peripheral blood smears that were parasite-positive. These tests were then compared to the rapid diagnostic test based on Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2. Results: All cases demonstrated fever beginning …

Mefv Mutation Frequency And Effect On Disease Severity In Ankylosing Spondylitis, Yüksel Maraş, Ali̇ Akdoğan, Bünyami̇n Kisacik, Levent Kiliç, Engi̇n Yilmaz, Abdurrahman Tufan, Umut Kalyoncu, Şazi̇ye Şule Apraş Bi̇lgen, Sedat Ki̇raz, Ali̇ İhsan Ertenli̇, Meral Çalgüneri̇

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

To define the frequency of familial Mediterranean fever gene (MEFV) mutations in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and describe different clinical aspects of MEFV mutation carrier and noncarrier AS patients. Materials and methods: In 112 AS patients, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) scores were calculated. The frequencies of 12 different MEFV mutations were studied by multiplex polymerase chain reaction/reverse hybridization method and were compared to those of previously studied healthy controls for 5 common MEFV mutations. Results: MEFV mutations were identified in 46 of 224 (20%) alleles and in 39 (35%) of AS …

Relationship Between Degree Of Anemia And Blood Gases In Cattle With Theileriosis, Mehmet Temi̇z, Nuri̇ Altuğ, Nazmi̇ Yüksek

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was conducted to determine the relationship between the degrees of anemia and blood gases in cattle with theileriosis. It included 28 cattle with theileriosis and 7 healthy animals as the control group. The cattle with theileriosis were divided into 4 groups according to their hematocrit (Hct) values: cattle with Hct of >26 were considered as nonanemic (Group 1), Hct of 20-26 as mildly anemic (Group 2), Hct of 14-19 as moderately anemic (Group 3), and Hct of 10-13 as severely anemic (Group 4). The PCO_2, HCO_3, and TCO_2 levels in the study groups were lower than those of …

The Effects Of Dietary Glutamine Supplementation On Growth Performance And Intestinal Morphology Of Broiler Chickens Reared Under Hot Conditions, Farhad Jazideh, Parviz Farhoomand, Mohsen Daneshyar, Gholamreza Najafi

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Dietary supplementation effects of 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1% glutamine were investigated on the performance and development of the gastrointestinal tract in broilers reared under hot conditions. No significant differences were observed between the treatments for feed intake and feed conversion ratio during the starter period, grower period, or entire experiment (P > 0.05). During the grower period, only 0.5% glutamine-fed birds had higher body weight gain than others (P < 0.05). For the entire period, body weight gain of 0.5% glutamine-fed birds was greater than that of 0.00% and 0.25% glutamine-fed ones (P < 0.05). Furthermore, 0.5% glutamine-fed birds showed longer villus height than other birds (P < 0.05). In the jejunum, both 0.5% and 1% glutamine consumption caused longer villus height as compared to 0.00% and 0.25% glutamine (P < 0.05). Villus height of 0.25% glutamine-fed birds was higher than that of 0.00% glutamine-fed ones (P < 0.05). None of the ileum morphological parameters were affected by glutamine supplementation (P > 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of 0.5% glutamine improved the intestinal morphology and body weight gain of broilers under heat stress. Higher dietary glutamine (1%) increased the villus height in the jejunum …

Serological Survey Of Equid Herpesvirus 3 Infection In Turkish Horses, Veysel Soydal Ataseven, Firat Doğan, Seval Bi̇lge Dağalp, Mehmet Tolga Tan, Köksal Altinbay, Cafer Tayyar Ateş

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Sera from 1133 Turkish horses were obtained and tested for equid herpesvirus 3 (EHV-3) antibodies using a sero-neutralisation test. The sample consisted of 420 privately owned working horses from 2 regions of Turkey, 428 brood horses from private stud farms and breeding stations, and 285 racehorses from private stud farms. Neutralising antibodies against EHV-3 were found in 287 (25.3%) of the 1133 analysed sera. The highest seroprevalence for EHV-3 was detected in the brood horses (51.2%), followed by the racehorses (10.2%), and the working horses (9.3%). The seroprevalence rates tended to be higher in female horses than in male horses …

Nmr-Based Metabolomic Evaluation In Dairy Cows With Displaced Abomasum, Abdullah Başoğlu, Nuri̇ Başpinar, Alparslan Coşkun

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study is the first to evaluate nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics in cows with displaced abomasum (DA), which is an internationally recognized problem in dairy cows. Some biochemical parameters have been used for monitoring DA. However, to date, few data have been available on the blood metabolomic profile of dairy cows. Forty Holstein multiparous cows with DA (30 left, 10 right) and 10 clinically healthy Holstein multiparous cows were the subjects of the study. All the animals had similar dry matter intake. An NMR-based metabolomics approach and hematological and biochemical analyses were performed. Some changes in biochemical parameters were …

Severe Beak Deformity In Melopsittacus Undulatus Caused By Knemidocoptes Pilae, Pedro María Alarcón Elbal, Victor Jesus Carmona Salido, José Marín Sánchez Murillo, Rafael Calero Bernal, Javier Lucientes Curdi

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

An outbreak of knemidocoptic mange caused by Knemidocoptes pilae is described in caged Australian budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) in a public park in L´Eliana (Valencia, Spain). Five individuals (5 out of 70) displayed severe malformation of the beak, with the rhamphotheca, rhinotheca, and gnathotheca affected and a slight lateral deviation of the jawbone, which did not, however, impede feeding or grooming.

Resurrection And Redescription Of Varestrongylus Alces (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae), A Lungworm Of The Eurasian Moose (Alces Alces), With Report On Associated Pathology, Guilherme G. Verocai, Eric P. Hoberg, Turid Vikøren, Kjell Handeland, Bjørnar Ytrehus, Andrew M. Rezansoff, Rebecca K. Davidson, John S. Gilleard, Susan J. Kutz

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Background: Varestrongylus alces, a lungworm in Eurasian moose from Europe has been considered a junior synonym of Varestrongylus capreoli, in European roe deer, due to a poorly detailed morphological description and the absence of a type-series.

Methods: Specimens used in the redescription were collected from lesions in the lungs of Eurasian moose, from Vestby, Norway. Specimens were described based on comparative morphology and integrated approaches. Molecular identification was based on PCR, cloning and sequencing of the ITS-2 region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA. Phylogenetic analysis compared V. alces ITS-2 sequences to these of other Varestrongylus species …

Data Requirements For Electronic Surveillance Of Healthcare-Associated Infections, Keith F. Woeltje, Michael Y. Lin, Michael Klompas, Marc Oliver Wright, Gianna Zuccotti, William E. Trick

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Unexpected Role For Il-17 In Protective Immunity Against Hypervirulent Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Hn878 Infection, Radha Gopal, Leticia Monin, Samantha Slight, Uzodinma Uche, Emmeline Blanchard, Beth A. Fallert Junecko, Rosalio Ramos-Payan, Christina L. Stallings, Todd A. Reinhart, Jay K. Kolls, Deepak Kaushal, Uma Nagarajan, Javier Rangel-Moreno, Shabaana A. Khader

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Novel Gammaherpesvirus Functions 1 Encoded By Bovine Herpesvirus (Bovine Lymphotropic Virus), J. Jia, G. Delhon, E. R. Tulman, D. G. Diel, Fernando A. Osorio, X. Wen, G. F. Kutish, D. L. Rock

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The genus Macavirus of the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae includes viruses that infect lymphoid cells of domestic and wild ruminants and swine, causing asymptomatic latent infections in reservoir hosts. Here, we describe the genome of bovine herpesvirus 6 (BoHV-6), a

macavirus ubiquitous in healthy cattle populations. The BoHV-6 genome exhibited architecture conserved in macaviruses, including a repetitive H-DNA region and unique, 141 kilobase pair L

DNA region predicted to encode 77 genes. BoHV-6 encoded in variable genomic regions a novel complement of genes relative to other characterized macaviruses, likely contributing to distinctive aspects of BoHV-6 infection biology and host range. Most notably, …

Chronic Wasting Disease Detection In The Lymph Nodes Of Free-Ranging Cervids By Real Time Quaking-Induced Conversion, Nicholas J. Haley, Scott Carver, Laura Hoon-Hanks, Davin M. Henderson, Kristen A. Davenport, Elizabeth Bunting, Shawn Gray, Judith Galeota, Ivy Levan, Tracy Dubovos, Paul Shelton, Edward A. Hoover, Bruce Trindle

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Chronic wasting disease (CWD), a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy of deer, elk and moose, is the only prion disease affecting free-ranging animals. First identified in northern Colorado and southern Wyoming in 1967, new epidemic foci of the disease have since been identified in additional states, as well as two Canadian provinces and the Republic of South Korea. Identification of CWD-affected animals currently requires post-mortem analysis of brain or lymphoid tissues using immunohistochemistry (IHC) or an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), with no practical way to evaluate potential strain types or investigate the epidemiology of existing or novel foci of disease. Using …

Presumed Imminence: Judicial Risk Assessment In The Post-9/11 World, Avidan Y. Cover

Faculty Publications

Court opinions in the terrorism context are often distinguished by fact-finding that relates to risk assessment. These risk assessments — inherently policy decisions — are influenced by cultural cognition and by cognitive errors common to probability determinations, particularly those made regarding highly dangerous and emotional events. In a post-9/11 world, in which prevention and intelligence are prioritized over prosecution, courts are more likely to overstate the potential harm, neglect the probability, and presume the imminence of terrorist attacks. As a result, courts are apt to defer to the government and require less evidence in support of measures that curtail civil …

Can The Chinese Biogas Experience Shed Light On The Future Of Sustainable Energy Development, Jason B. Aamodt, Chen Wenqin

Denver Journal of International Law & Policy

No abstract provided.

Reaching The End : An Exploration Of Attachment And Existential Theory As A Path To Assist In The Dying Process, Jillian Debenedetto

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

In this exploration I will utilize the theory of Attachment as well as Existential Theory to assist in expounding upon available paths to assist elderly individuals in their journey at the end of life. I will present an overview of the two selected theories of Attachment as well as Existential Theory and argue that such approaches honor the venerable end stage of life. A discussion pertaining to these two theories will shed light on the question of how a clinician can seek to improve the quality of life for an individual during the end of life process and therefore assist …

"Eating Bitterness" : Mental Health Help-Seeking And Chinese International Students In The United States, Ran Huo

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

This qualitative exploratory study examines how Chinese international students in the United States, aging from 18 to 30 years old, 1) perceive mental health help-seeking in China, 2) how they compare Chinese and American cultural views of help-seeking, and 3) how cross-cultural experiences may influence their understanding as well as their behavior related to mental health help-seeking. Twelve Chinese international students in Massachusetts and Rhode Island provided narratives through face-to-face interviews. Generally, there was reluctance among Chinese international students to identify their mental health needs, which was revealed from the examination of language use for mental health in Chinese. As …

An Evolutionary Perspective On Infectious And Chronic Disease, John Eberth

Theses and Dissertations

The integration of evolutionary biology with traditional medicine can elucidate novel mechanisms of contemporary disease. Whereas the goal of traditional medicine is to treat and cure the proximate causes, evolutionary biology aims to understand the driving forces behind why humans are susceptible to disease. To form the basis of this hypothesis we postulate that modern man's current genetic information was programmed at a time, and in an environment, that is not relevant to today's human populations. The discordance between these genes of our ancestors and the environment of contemporary humans is thought to be a major reason for the increase …

Antibiotic Usage In Relation To Resistant Bacterial Infections And Liver And Kidney Cancer Outcomes In South Carolina, Prea Thathiah

Theses and Dissertations

Antibiotics are one of the most beneficial discoveries in medicine and public health. However, the use, overuse, and misuse of these drugs have led to increases in antibiotic resistant bacterial infections (ARI). Furthermore, previous epidemiological studies have linked antibiotic use to breast cancer, but these studies have not included effects on metabolic organs, such as the liver and kidneys. This dissertation investigates the role of antibiotic use in infections and liver and kidney cancers in the state of South Carolina. Using ecological study methods and Poisson regression to determine relative risk ratios, it was found that antibiotic use is a …

Point-Of-Sale Strategies: A Tobacco Control Guide, Center For Public Health Systems Science, Laura Brossart, Sarah Moreland-Russell, Heidi Walsh, Anne Shea, Paige Riegel, Heidi Walsh, Laura Edison, Laura Bach, Caitlin Ashby, Rachel Barth, Isaiah Zoschke, Erin Foster

Center for Public Health Systems Science

This tobacco control guide, co-published by CPHSS and the Public Health Law Center (formerly Tobacco Control Legal Consortium) is designed to help state and local tobacco control staff build effective and sustainable comprehensive tobacco control programs. This guide focuses on ways to reduce access to tobacco and exposure to tobacco industry influence in the retail environment.

Elucidating Perceived And Actual Cancer Risk In Disadvantaged Neighborhoods Differentially Impacted By Environmental Hazards To Inform Future Public Health Interventions, Lashanta J. Rice

Theses and Dissertations

In the United States, racial and ethnic minorities, economically disadvantaged and medically underserved groups bear a disproportionate amount of the cancer burden. Myriad social and environmental factors attribute to these disparities including disparate exposures to environmental pollutants, which account for two percent of all cancer deaths nationally. There is empirical evidence demonstrating risk perceptions and cancer worry are shaped by race/ethnicity and social and environmental experiences. Cancer risk perceptions among Non-Whites, especially Blacks compared to Whites is lower for various reasons. Low perceived cancer risk may explain persistent cancer disparities, since protective health behaviors are higher among persons who perceive …

Predictors Of Clinical Success Among A National Veterans Affairs Cohort With Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Pneumonia, Aisling R. Caffrey, J. Morrill, Laura A. Puzniak, Kerry L. Laplante

Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Background: The treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pneumonia is exceedingly complicated, which is concerning because of the high mortality rate associated with the infection. Identification of independent predictors of clinical success can optimize patient care by assisting clinicians in treatment decisions.

Objectives: We sought to identify independent predictors of clinical success in a national Veterans Affairs (VA) cohort of MRSA pneumonia patients.

Methods: A nested case-control study was conducted among a cohort of VA patients with MRSA pneumonia receiving linezolid or vancomycin between January 2002 and September 2010. Cases included those demonstrating clinical success, defined as discharge from …

Hiv Viremia And Incidence Of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma In Patients Successfully Treated With Antiretroviral Therapy, Chad J. Achenbach, Ashley L. Buchanan, Stephen R. Cole, Lifang Hou, Michael J. Mugavero, Heidi M. Crane, Richard D. Moore, Richard H. Haubrich, Satish Gopal, Joseph J. Eron, Peter W. Hunt, Benigno Rodriguez, Kenneth Mayer, Michael S. Saag, Mari M. Kiahata

Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Background: The incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected patients remains high despite treatment with antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Methods: We evaluated NHL incidence in HIV-infected patients followed in the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems who started combination ART and achieved suppression of HIV. We estimated the hazard ratio for NHL by time-varying HIV viremia categories, accounting for time-varying CD4 cell count using marginal structural models.

Results: We observed 37 incident NHL diagnoses during 21 607 person-years of follow-up in 6036 patients (incidence rate, 171 per 100 000 person-years; 95% confidence interval [CI], 124–236). …

Screening Of Natural Antimicrobial Agents And Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria Using A Soleris System, Mingyang Huang

Wayne State University Theses

ABSTRACT

SCREENING OF NATURAL ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND ANTIMICROBIAL - RESISTANT BACTERIA USING A SOLERIS SYSTEM

by

MINGYANG HUANG

May 2014

Advisor: Dr. Yifan Zhang

Major: Food Science and Nutrition

Degree: Master of Science

Traditional broth micro-dilution method is a common assay of measuring Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) to determine the antimicrobial activity of an antimicrobial agent. However, this method is generally time-consuming and labor intensive. Alternatively, an automated optical method using the Soleris system was applied in this study. The system was compared to the traditional broth micro-dilution 96-well assay to test the antimicrobial activity of 11 essential oils and …

Antimicrobial Activity Of Essential Oil Emulsions And Possible Synergistic Effect On Food Borne Pathogens, Varun Tahlan

Wayne State University Theses

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of essential oil emulsions against food borne pathogenic bacteria and determine potential applications. The oils used for this study were cinnamon, oregano, clove, thyme, rosemary, sage, bergamot, nutmeg, lemon grass and bay. Oil in water emulsions were prepared using Tween 80 as an emulsifying agent, with a stock oil concentration in the emulsions of 20,000 ppm. Essential oil emulsions were individually screened against E. coli (ATCC 25922), E. coli (ATCC 700927), L. monocytogens (ATCC 19115), L. innocua (ATCC 33090) and S. Typhimurium (ATCC 19585) using the broth micro dilution …

Bacteriophage Isolated From The Environment And E. Coli Of Meat Origin As A Reservoir Of Antibiotic Resistance, Manisha Polur

Wayne State University Theses

ABSTRACT

BACTERIOPHAGE ISOLATED FROM THE ENVIRONMENT AND E. COLI OF MEAT ORIGIN AS A RESERVOIR OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE

by

MANISHA POLUR

April 2014

Advisor: Dr. Yifan Zhang

Major: Nutrition and Food Science

Degree: Master of Science

This study was aimed to determine the extent of antibiotic resistance reservoir in bacteriophage. Bacteriophages were isolated and purified from waste water treatment plants, Detroit river, Belle Isle, Urban Garden soils and examined for the presence of beta-lactam antibiotic resistance genes. Thirty E. coli isolates from retail meat were analyzed for the presence of beta-lactam antibiotic resistance genes. 95% of E. coli them carried …

An Ethical Justification For Post-Trial Access To Anti-Retroviral Drugs For Participants And Host Populations In Developing Countries: A Global Justice Perspective, Evaristus Chiedu Obi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The pandemic nature of HIV/AIDS in developing countries engenders global health emergency which establishes the urgent need to address the issue of affordable access to anti-retroviral drugs in developing countries. The dissertation discusses an ethical justification for post-trial access to anti-retroviral drugs for participants and host populations in developing countries within the context of global justice, stressing the combination of national and global responsibilities in realizing this objective. Drawing on the strengths of Rawls's statist and Pogge's cosmopolitan theories and on the International Human Rights Law, the dissertation proposes a paradigm of Global Health Justice involving a sliding scale of …

The Search For Novel Antibiotic Compounds Through Molecular Modeling And Structure-Function Analysis Of Cspe In E. Coli K12, Andre Duane Samuel

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Escherichia coli K12 has the capacity to express nine Csp (Cold shock-related protein) gene products (CspA-I). These proteins share between 29 and 83 percent identity in their amino acid sequences and only one, CspA, has a solved crystal structure. One of the Csps shown to be involved in chromosome condensation is a 6.3 kDa protein called CspE and deletion studies of its homologues in Bacillus subtilis show that at least one of the Csp proteins is required for cell viability. All of the Csp proteins studied to date bind to single stranded nucleic acids. Knowing that at least one of …

Dopamine Transporter (Dat), Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor (Nachr), And Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 2 (Mglu2) Irreversible Probes For Identifying Anti-Psychostimulant Therapeutics, Shaili Aggarwal

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies implicate that certain ligands that interact with DAT, nAChRs, and mGlu2 have tremendous potential as anti-addiction therapeutics. However, understanding how these promising anti-addiction compounds interact with their major drug targets at the molecular level is limited because of the absence of human DAT, nAChRs, and mGlu2 x-ray crystal structures. This knowledge gap is important towards rationally designing new therapeutics for psychostimulant abuse and addiction. The objective of this research was to develop irreversible chemical probes based on promising anti-addiction lead compounds (i.e., pyrovalerone, bupropion, BINA, etc) to map their binding sites and poses …

Dopamine Transporter (Dat) And Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 (Mglu5) Irreversible Probes For Identifying Anti-Psychostimulant Therapeutics, Ranganadh Velagaleti

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Numerous behavioral studies indicate that dopamine transporter (DAT) inhibitors and metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) possess promising anti-addiction therapeutic properties. However, the lack of human DAT (hDAT) and mGlu5 X-ray crystal structures makes it difficult to understand how these promising anti-addiction compounds interact with their major drug targets at the molecular level. This knowledge gap represents an important problem towards rationally designing new therapeutics for numerous addiction disorders. The objective of this research was to develop irreversible chemical probes based on select DAT inhibitors and mGlu5 NAMs in order to map the corresponding binding sites and …

University Of Texas Health Science Center At Tyler Catalog, 2014 - 2016, University Of Texas Health Science Center At Tyler

Catalogs

No abstract provided.