Digital Commons Network^™

How Low Do You Go? Decoding Immunodeficient Mouse Models., Dominique Kagele

Faculty Research 2014

No abstract provided.

2014 Annual Report, Center For Applied Research On Substance Use And Health Disparities

Center for Applied Research on Substance Use and Health Disparities Annual Reports

No abstract provided.

Baseline Hypovitaminosis D Is Not Associated With Poor Clinical Outcomes In Osteoarticular Infections, J Marschall, J. W.S. Lewis, D. K. Warren, H. M. Babcock, R. L. Barrack, V. J. Fraser

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Medication Persistence In The Treatment Of Hiv Infection: A New Construct For Hiv Research And Clinical Care, Jason Bae

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Adherence to therapy has dominated clinical and investigational conversation on how HIV patients take medications. Adherence, although a critical concept in medication-taking behavior, is becoming increasingly limited in its relevance to patient outcomes as treatment regimens and our understanding of antiretroviral resistance development evolve over time. In this thesis, a new construct of HIV medication-taking behavior called `persistence' is introduced and defined, in order to provide researchers and practitioners with a more comprehensive understanding of patient behavior and achieve better health outcomes. Literature review of adherence, persistence, viral suppression, development of antiretroviral resistance is performed here to reveal patient, medication, …

Reducing Respiratory Virus Testing In Hospitalized Children With Machine Learning And Text Mining, Mark Mai

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Despite pressure from the federal government for US hospitals to adopt electronic medical records systems (EMR), the benefits of adopting such systems have not been fully realized. One proposed advantage of EMRs involves secondary use, in which personal health information is used for purposes other than direct health care delivery, particularly quality improvement. We sought to determine whether information recorded in the EMR could improve diagnostic pathways used to diagnose respiratory viruses in children, the most common etiology of diagnoses in the pediatric population. These tests potentially represent a source of unnecessary testing. We performed a retrospective observational study analyzing …

Bacterial Superantigens Promote Acute Nasopharyngeal Infection By Streptococcus Pyogenes In A Human Mhc Class Ii-Dependent Manner, Katherine J. Kasper, Joseph J. Zeppa, Adrienne T. Wakabayashi, Stacey X. Xu, Delfina M. Mazzuca, Ian Welch, Miren L. Baroja, Malak Kotb, Ewa Cairns, P. Patrick Cleary, S. M.Mansour Haeryfar, John K. Mccormick

Bone and Joint Institute

Establishing the genetic determinants of niche adaptation by microbial pathogens to specific hosts is important for the management and control of infectious disease. Streptococcus pyogenes is a globally prominent human-specific bacterial pathogen that secretes superantigens (SAgs) as 'trademark' virulence factors. SAgs function to force the activation of T lymphocytes through direct binding to lateral surfaces of T cell receptors and class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC-II) molecules. S. pyogenes invariably encodes multiple SAgs, often within putative mobile genetic elements, and although SAgs are documented virulence factors for diseases such as scarlet fever and the streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS), how …

Preventing Parasites: Developing A Deworming Protocol And Screening Animals At The Willow Park Zoo, Sydney Greenfield

Biology Posters

The primary object of this project was to research AZA and American Association of Zoo Veterinarian guidelines, write up a deworming protocol and schedule for the zoo, and finally begin screening collection animals.

Testing The Waters: Are Health Education Specialists Willing To Conduct Rapid Hiv Testing?, Angela W. Prehn, Jacquie Fraser, Anthony J. Santella

2010-2016 Archived Posters

Approximately 1 in 5 people with HIV are not aware of their infection; access to testing is an important part of public health. In a national study, Health Education Specialists with high HIV knowledge and favorable attitudes towards persons with HIV/AIDS were more willing to be trained to conduct rapid HIV testing (RHT)

Strategies To Prevent Clostridium Difficile Infections In Acute Care Hospitals: 2014 Update, Erik R. Dubberke, Philip Carling, Curtis J. Donskey, Vivian G. Loo, L. Clifford Mcdonald, Lisa L. Maragakis, Thomas J. Sandora, David J. Weber, Deborah S. Yokoe, Dale N. Gerding

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Systems Biology Studies Of Adult Paragonimus Lung Flukes Facilitate The Identification Of Immunodominant Parasite Antigens, Samantha N. Mcnulty, Peter U. Fischer, R Reid Townsend, Kurt C. Curtis, Gary J. Weil, Makedonka Mitreva

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Abstracts From Proceedings Of The Twelfth North American Crane Workshop, 13–16 March 2011, Grand Island, Nebraska, Usa (Published 2014)

Proceedings of the North American Crane Workshop

ASSESSMENT OF THE EASTERN POPULATION GREATER SANDHILL CRANE FALL SURVEY, 1979-2009 Courtney Amundson, Douglas Johnson, Sean Kelly, and Tom Cooper 80

FACTORS INFLUENCING GREATER SANDHILL CRANE NEST SUCCESS IN NEVADA .Chad August, James Sedinger, and Chris Nicolai 80

INFLUENCE OF FOOD AND PREDATOR ABUNDANCE ON STRESS LEVELS OF SANDHILL CRANES WINTERING IN NORTHERN MEXICO Ingrid Barcelo and Felipe Chavez-Ramirez 81

A SUSTAINABLE SOLUTION FOR CROP DAMAGE BY CRANES AND OTHER BIRD SPECIES TO PLANTED SEED Jeb Barzen and Anne Lacy 81

MODELLING THE EFFECT OF LANDSCAPE AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON SANDHILL CRANE DISTRIBUTION IN THE CENTRAL PLATTE RIVER VALLEY OF …

High Prevalence Of Early Childhood Infection By Kshv In A Minority Population In China, Yifei Cao, Veenu Minhas, Xiaohua Tan, Jin Huang, Baodong Wang, Meiyi Zhu, Yuan Gao, Tingting Zhao, Lei Yang, Charles Wood

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

In China, KSHV seroprevalence varies considerably among different regions and ethnicities. But in Xinjiang province, located in the northwestern China, there is a very high seroprevalence of KSHV in adults of Kazak and Ughur ethnicities. However, KSHV prevalence in children and the risk factors associated with the acquisition of infection are currently not known. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of KSHV infection, identify associated socio-economic or behavioral risk factors and the humoral immune response among children in this population. This is a cross-sectional study (N=178) to screen children and their caregivers from Xinjiang for total …

Development Of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Combined With Colorimetry Using Nanogold Probe For Chlamydia Trachomatis Detection, Ilada Choopara

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Chlamydia trachomatis จัดเป็นแบคทีเรียที่ก่อโรคติดต่อทางเพศสัมพันธ์ที่พบมากที่สุดทั่วโลกทั้งในเพศหญิงและชาย ถึงแม้ว่าโรคติดเชื้อนี้จะไม่ทําให้ผู้ติดเชื้อถึงตายและไม่แสดงอาการเริ่มต้นหรือแสดงเพียงเล็กน้อยนั้น การติดเชื้อนี้ในระยะยาวมีส่วนทําให้เป็นหมันหรือมีบุตรยาก และส่งเสริมการเกิดมะเร็งปากมดลูกจากไวรัสเอชพีวีได้ จึงเป็นที่น่าเสียดายที่การตรวจสุขภาพประจําปียังไม่มีการตรวจเชื้อนี้รวมอยู่ด้วย และยังไม่มีวิธีการตรวจเชื้อนี้ในคลินิกหรือสถานีอนามัยต่างๆ ที่การตรวจเชื้อนี้มีความสําคัญ ปัจจุบันวิธีมาตรฐานที่ใช้ตรวจคือการวิเคราะห์อาการโดยแพทย์ หรือการวิเคราะห์ลําดับเบสของยีน ompA (วิธีนี้ประกอบด้วยขั้นตอนการสกัดดีเอ็นเอด้วยชุดสกัดสําเร็จรูป การทําปฏิกิริยาลูกโซ่โพลีเมอเรส การรันเจลอิเล็กโตรโฟริซิส และการหาลําดับเบส) ดังนั้น งานวิจัยนี้จึงได้พัฒนาวิธีที่ไม่ซับซ้อนและประหยัดค่าใช้จ่ายขึ้นจากเทคนิคลูปเมดิเอเตดไอโซเทอร์มอลแอมพลิฟิเคชัน (LAMP) ร่วมกับการวัดสีโดยใช้โพรบติดอนุภาคทองระดับนาโน (AuNP) พบว่าวิธีที่พัฒนาขึ้นให้ผลความจําเพาะและความไวเทียบเท่าวิธีมาตรฐาน และใช้เวลาเพียง 24.5 นาที ขณะที่วิธีมาตรฐานใช้เวลามากกว่า 24 ชั่วโมง เมื่อรวมกับวิธีสกัดดีเอ็นเออย่างหยาบที่เหมาะสมกับชนิดของตัวอย่างพบว่าใช้เวลารวมทั้งสิ้นเพียง 29.5 นาที และมีค่าใช้จ่ายเพียง $3.6 ขณะที่วิธีมาตรฐานราคา $13.8 นอกจากนี้เมื่อทําการสุ่มตรวจในกลุ่มคนไข้และกลุ่มคนปกติ จํานวน 130 คน พบว่าวิธีที่พัฒนาขึ้นให้ผลตรงกับวิธีมาตรฐาน

Health Studies Program Newsletter For 2014, Uri Health Studies Program

Public Health Department Publications

The 2014 issue of “Health-e-Newsletter,” a periodical focused on the Health Studies Program events, faculty research and highlights of student achievements.

Development And Application Of Biomimetic Electrospun Nanofibers In Total Joint Replacement, Wei Song

Wayne State University Dissertations

Failure of osseointegration (direct anchorage of an implant by bone formation at the bone-implant surface) and implant infection (such as that caused by Staphylococcus aureus, S. aureus) are the two main causes of implant failure and loosening. There is a critical need for orthopedic implants that promote rapid osseointegration and prevent bacterial colonization, particularly when placed in bone compromised by disease or physiology of the patients. A better understanding of the key factors that influence cell fate decisions at the bone-implant interface is required. Our study is to develop a class of "bone-like" nanofibers (NFs) that promote osseointegration while preventing …

Effect Of The Clostridium Difficile Tcde Protein On Membranes Of Escherichia Coli, Sophie Hollenberg

Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal

Clostridium difficile infects millions of hospitalized patients worldwide, causing pseudomembranous colitis, a disease with symptoms attributable to two toxins produced by the bacterium.The PaLoc gene locus in the C. difficile genome is responsible for toxin production and activation, but it is not known how the toxins are released from the pathogen. Within PaLoc is a gene for the TcdE protein, which shares striking similarity to a class of membrane pore-forming proteins called holins. To assess whether TcdE catalyzes toxin release, the engineered tcdE gene was expressed in Escherichia coli. An arabinose promoter upstream of the tcdE gene was manipulated to …

Unm Health Sciences Center Research Annual Report 2014, Michael Haederle, Sara Mota, Peter Arathoon, Furhana Afrid, John Arnold, Cindy Foster, Luke Frank, Kara Mckinney, Michele Sequeira, Rebecca Gustaf

Research Annual Reports

No abstract provided.

The Occurrence Of M. Bovis Cases In U.S. Cattle, 2001–2011, Katie Portacci, Jason Lombard, Mark Schoenbaum, Kathleen Orloski, Mark Camacho

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

The U.S. National Tuberculosis Eradication Program began in 1917 and has made great strides in reducing the prevalence of M. bovis in U.S. cattle. Sporadic cases, however, continue to be identified in beef and dairy herds and, more recently, captive cervid herds. The ultimate goal of eradication requires that disease management strategies adapt to changing risks associated with the transmission of M. bovis. This chapter describes the low level of BTB occurrence in cattle in the United States. Finding the source of infection is challenging due to the chronic nature and latent behavior of BTB in cattle and cervids, the …

Henipavirus Microsphere Immuno-Assays For Detection Of Antibodiesagainst Hendra Virus, Leanne Mcnabb, J. Barr, G. Crameri, S. Juzva, S. Riddell, A. Colling, V. Boyd, C. Broder, L.-F. Wang, R. Lunt

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

tHendra and Nipah viruses (HeV and NiV) are closely related zoonotic pathogens of the Paramyxoviridaefamily. Both viruses belong to the Henipavirus genus and cause fatal disease in animals and humans,though only HeV is endemic in Australia. In general and due to the acute nature of the disease, agentdetection by PCR and virus isolation are the primary tools for diagnostic investigations. Assays for thedetection of antibodies against HeV are fit more readily for the purpose of surveillance testing in dis-ease epidemiology and to meet certification requirements in the international movement of horses. Thefirst generation indirect ELISA has been affected by non-specific …

Essential Articles On Collaborative Care Models For The Treatment Of Psychiatric Disorders In Medical Settings: A Publication By The Academy Of Psychosomatic Medicine Research And Evidence-Based Practice Committee, Jeff C. Huffman, Shehzad K. Niazi, James R. Rundell, Michael Sharpe, Wayne J. Katon

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

Background: Collaborative care interventions for psychiatric disorders combine several components integrated into the medical setting: (1) systematic psychiatric assessment, (2) use of a non physician care manager to perform longitudinal symptom monitoring, treatment interventions, and care coordination, and (3) specialist-provided stepped-care recommendations. Collaborative care interventions have now been evaluated in a wide spectrum of care settings and offer great promise as a way of increasing quality of patient care, improving health of populations, and reducing health care costs. Methods: A systematic search of PubMedl MEDLINE databases was performed for publications between January 1970 and May 2013 to identify articles describing …

Effects Of Prey Metapopulation Structure On The Viability Of Black-Footed Ferrets In Plague-Impacted Landscapes: A Metamodelling Approach, Kevin Shoemaker, Robert Lacy, Michelle Verant, Barry Brook, Travis Livieri, Philip Miller, Damien Fordman, H. Resit Akcarkaya

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

1. Species interactions have been largely ignored in extinction risk assessment. However, the black-footed ferret Mustela nigripes exemplifies a class of endangered species for which strong species interactions cannot be ignored. This species is an obligate predator of prairie dogs Cynomys spp., and sylvatic plague Yersinia pestis epizootics threaten to undermine recovery efforts by functionally eliminating the prey base. Multispecies ‘metamodelling’ techniques offer new opportunities for exploring population dynamics under strong species interdependencies and disease.

2. To investigate ferret extinction risk in plague-affected landscapes, we simultaneously modelled plague epidemiological processes, prairie dog metapopulation dynamics and ferret demographic responses. Ferret population …

Inquiry: The University Of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal - Volume 16 - Spring 2014, Inquiry Editors

Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal

No abstract provided.

Implementation Of A Total Knee Arthroplasty Evidence Based Practice Guideline Quality Improvement Project In A Va Orthopedic Surgical Setting To Reduce Surgical Infections, Paula A. Kimpton

Doctor of Nursing Practice Program Projects

The prevention of surgical site infections, specifically orthopedic surgery cases, has been cited as the most preventable source for morbidity and mortality for patients undergoing total knee arthroplasties (TKA). In the most recent Veteran Affairs (VA) National Surgery Office Quarterly Report (July 1, 2012 through June 30, 2013), a problem with surgical site infections was identified in patients with TKA surgery at Dayton Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC). The Dayton VAMC had a 5.3% TKA surgical infection rate versus 1.3% nationally.

The purpose of this quality improvement project was to decrease post-operative TKA infection rates with utilization of evidence based …

Impact Of Poor Retention In Hiv Medical Care On Time To Viral Load Suppression, Timothy N. Crawford, Wayne T. Sanderson, Alice Thornton

Family Medicine Faculty Publications

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate how poor retention in HIV care impacts time to viral suppression after initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy. Methods: A retrospective cohort study design, employing a medical chart review, was conducted at an academic infectious disease clinic at the University of Kentucky. Patients seeking care between 2003 and 2011 were included in the study. A log-normal model was employed to determine the factors associated with time to viral suppression. Results: Of the 532 patients in the study, 426 (80.1%) patients were virally suppressed. Controlling for insurance status, race, baseline CD4 counts, and …

Diverse Effects Of Lead Nitrate On The Proliferation, Differentiation, And Gene Expression Of Stem Cells Isolated From A Dental Origin, M. Abdullah, F.A. Rahman, N. Gnanasegaran, V. Govindasamy, N.H. Abu Kasim, S. Musa

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

Lead (Pb2+) exposure continues to be a significant public health problem. Therefore, it is vital to have a continuous epidemiological dataset for a better understanding of Pb2+ toxicity. In the present study, we have exposed stem cells isolated from deciduous and permanent teeth, periodontal ligament, and bone marrow to five different types of Pb2+ concentrations (160, 80, 40, 20, and 10 µM) for 24 hours to identify the adverse effects of Pb2+ on the proliferation, differentiation, and gene expression on these cell lines. We found that Pb2+ treatment altered the morphology and adhesion of the cells in a dose-dependent manner. …

Exploring Intentions To Discriminate Against Patients Living With Hiv/Aids Among Future Healthcare Providers In Malaysia, V.A. Earnshaw, H. Jin, J. Wickersham, Adeeba Kamarulzaman, J. John, F.L. Altice

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

ObjectivesStigma towards people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) is strong in Malaysia. Although stigma has been understudied, it may be a barrier to treating the approximately 81000 Malaysian PLWHA. The current study explores correlates of intentions to discriminate against PLWHA among medical and dental students, the future healthcare providers of Malaysia. MethodsAn online, cross-sectional survey of 1296 medical and dental students was conducted in 2012 at seven Malaysian universities; 1165 (89.9%) completed the survey and were analysed. Socio-demographic characteristics, stigma-related constructs and intentions to discriminate against PLWHA were measured. Linear mixed models were conducted, controlling for clustering by university. ResultsThe final …

Paratyphoid Fever: Splicing The Global Analyses, C.S.J. Teh, K.H. Chua, Kwai Lin Thong

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

The incidence of enteric fever caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A (S. Paratyphi A) is increasing in many parts of the world. Although there is no major outbreak of paratyphoid fever in recent years, S. Paratyphi A infection still remains a public health problem in many tropical countries. Therefore, surveillance studies play an important role in monitoring infections and the emergence of multidrug resistance, especially in endemic countries such as India, Nepal, Pakistan and China. In China, enteric fever was caused predominantly by S. Paratyphi A rather than by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi). Sometimes, S. Paratyphi A …

Corynebase: Corynebacterium Genomic Resources And Analysis Tools At Your Fingertips, H. Heydari, C.C. Siow, M.F. Tan, N.S. Jakubovics, W.Y. Wee, N.V.R. Mutha, G.J. Wong, M.Y. Ang, A.H. Yazdi, S.W. Choo

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

Corynebacteria are used for a wide variety of industrial purposes but some species are associated with human diseases. With increasing number of corynebacterial genomes having been sequenced, comparative analysis of these strains may provide better understanding of their biology, phylogeny, virulence and taxonomy that may lead to the discoveries of beneficial industrial strains or contribute to better management of diseases. To facilitate the ongoing research of corynebacteria, a specialized central repository and analysis platform for the corynebacterial research community is needed to host the fast-growing amount of genomic data and facilitate the analysis of these data. Here we present CoryneBase, …

Outlook Magazine, Winter 2014

Outlook Magazine

No abstract provided.

Proceedings Of The 126th Annual Meeting Of The Iowa Academy Of Science [Program, 2014], Iowa Academy Of Science

Iowa Academy of Science Documents

Contents:

Program Summary --- 2-3
Acknowledgements --- 4
Contents --- 5
Iowa Junior Academy of Science Competition --- 6
General Session I --- 7
Iowa Junior Academy of Science Award Luncheon --- 8
Iowa Academy of Science Business Meeting --- 8
Necrology --- 8
Special Events --- 9
Iowa Academy of Science 2012-2013 Volunteers --- 10-11
Symposium A --- 12
Symposium B --- 13
Symposium C --- 14
Senior Poster Session Program --- 15-19
Social Hour --- 20
President's Banquet --- 20-21
General Session II --- 22
General Session III --- 23
Excellence in Science Teaching Awards Luncheon --- 24 …