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2014

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Articles 20251 - 20280 of 20582

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Parasitism In Early Life: Environmental Conditions Shape Within‐Brood Variation In Responses To Infection, Hmv Granroth‐Wilding, Sarah J. Burthe, Sue Lewis, Thomas E. Reed, Katherine A. Herborn, Mark A. Newell, Emi A. Takahashi, Francis Daunt, Emma J.A. Cunningham Jan 2014

Parasitism In Early Life: Environmental Conditions Shape Within‐Brood Variation In Responses To Infection, Hmv Granroth‐Wilding, Sarah J. Burthe, Sue Lewis, Thomas E. Reed, Katherine A. Herborn, Mark A. Newell, Emi A. Takahashi, Francis Daunt, Emma J.A. Cunningham

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

AbstractParasites play key ecological and evolutionary roles through the costs they impose on their host. In wild populations, the effect of parasitism is likely to vary considerably with environmental conditions, which may affect the availability of resources to hosts for defense. However, the interaction between parasitism and prevailing conditions is rarely quantified. In addition to environmental variation acting on hosts, individuals are likely to vary in their response to parasitism, and the combined effect of both may increase heterogeneity in host responses. Offspring hierarchies, established by parents in response to uncertain rearing conditions, may be an important source of variation …

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The Effects Of A Competitor On The Foraging Behaviour Of The Shore Crab Carcinus Maenas., Lj Chakravarti, Pa Cotton Jan 2014

The Effects Of A Competitor On The Foraging Behaviour Of The Shore Crab Carcinus Maenas., Lj Chakravarti, Pa Cotton

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Optimal Diet Theory suggests that individuals make foraging decisions that maximise net energy intake. Many studies provide qualitative support for this, but factors such as digestive constraints, learning, predation-risk and competition can influence foraging behaviour and lead to departures from quantitative predictions. We examined the effects of intraspecific competition within a classic model of optimal diet--the common shore crab, Carcinus maenas, feeding on the mussel, Mytilus edulis. Unexpectedly, we found that breaking time (Tb), eating time (Te), and handling time (Th) all decreased significantly in the presence of a conspecific. Reduced handling time in the presence of a competitor resulted …

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Toxicity Of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles To The Earthworm Eisenia Fetida: Subtle Effects, E Lahive, K Jurkschat, Bj Shaw, Rd Handy, Dj Spurgeon, C Svendsen Jan 2014

Toxicity Of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles To The Earthworm Eisenia Fetida: Subtle Effects, E Lahive, K Jurkschat, Bj Shaw, Rd Handy, Dj Spurgeon, C Svendsen

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Social Network Analysis Resolves Temporal Dynamics Of Male Dominance Relationships, David Bierbach, Sophie Oster, Jonas Jourdan, Lenin Arias-Rodriguez, Jens Krause, Alexander D.M. Wilson, Martin Plath Jan 2014

Social Network Analysis Resolves Temporal Dynamics Of Male Dominance Relationships, David Bierbach, Sophie Oster, Jonas Jourdan, Lenin Arias-Rodriguez, Jens Krause, Alexander D.M. Wilson, Martin Plath

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Differentially Expressed Micrornas In Maternal Plasma For The Noninvasive Prenatal Diagnosis Of Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21), J Kamhieh-Milz, Reham Fadl Hassan Moftah, Gürkan Bal, Matthias Futschik, Viktor Sterzer, Omid Khorramshahi, Martin Burow, Gundula Thiel, Annegret Stuke-Sontheimer, Rabih Chaoui, S Kamhieh-Milz, Abdulgabar Salama Jan 2014

Differentially Expressed Micrornas In Maternal Plasma For The Noninvasive Prenatal Diagnosis Of Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21), J Kamhieh-Milz, Reham Fadl Hassan Moftah, Gürkan Bal, Matthias Futschik, Viktor Sterzer, Omid Khorramshahi, Martin Burow, Gundula Thiel, Annegret Stuke-Sontheimer, Rabih Chaoui, S Kamhieh-Milz, Abdulgabar Salama

School of Biomedical Sciences

Objectives. Most developmental processes are under the control of small regulatory RNAs called microRNAs (miRNAs). We hypothesize that different fetal developmental processes might be reflected by extracellular miRNAs in maternal plasma and may be utilized as biomarkers for the noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal aneuploidies. In this proof-of-concept study, we report on the identification of extracellular miRNAs in maternal plasma of Down syndrome (DS) pregnancies.Methods. Using high-throughput quantitative PCR (HT-qPCR), 1043 miRNAs were investigated in maternal plasma via comparison of seven DS pregnancies with age and fetal sex matched controls.Results. Six hundred and ninety-five miRNAs were identified. Thirty-six significantly differentially …

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Seasonality Affects Macroalgal Community Response To Increases In Pco2., Cecilia Baggini, Maria Salomidi, Emanuela Voutsinas, Laura Bray, Eva Krasakopoulou, Jason M. Hall-Spencer Jan 2014

Seasonality Affects Macroalgal Community Response To Increases In Pco2., Cecilia Baggini, Maria Salomidi, Emanuela Voutsinas, Laura Bray, Eva Krasakopoulou, Jason M. Hall-Spencer

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Ocean acidification is expected to alter marine systems, but there is uncertainty about its effects due to the logistical difficulties of testing its large-scale and long-term effects. Responses of biological communities to increases in carbon dioxide can be assessed at CO2 seeps that cause chronic exposure to lower seawater pH over localised areas of seabed. Shifts in macroalgal communities have been described at temperate and tropical pCO2 seeps, but temporal and spatial replication of these observations is needed to strengthen confidence our predictions, especially because very few studies have been replicated between seasons. Here we describe the seawater chemistry and …

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Insulin Acutely Improves Mitochondrial Function Of Rat And Human Skeletal Muscle By Increasing Coupling Efficiency Of Oxidative Phosphorylation., Raid B. Nisr, Charles Affourtit Jan 2014

Insulin Acutely Improves Mitochondrial Function Of Rat And Human Skeletal Muscle By Increasing Coupling Efficiency Of Oxidative Phosphorylation., Raid B. Nisr, Charles Affourtit

School of Biomedical Sciences

Insulin is essential for the regulation of fuel metabolism and triggers the uptake of glucose by skeletal muscle. The imported glucose is either stored or broken down, as insulin stimulates glycogenesis and ATP synthesis. The mechanism by which ATP production is increased is incompletely understood at present and, generally, relatively little functional information is available on the effect of insulin on mitochondrial function. In this paper we have exploited extracellular flux technology to investigate insulin effects on the bioenergetics of rat (L6) and human skeletal muscle myoblasts and myotubes. We demonstrate that a 20-min insulin exposure significantly increases (i) the …

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What's In A Name? What Have Taxonomy And Systematics Ever Done For Us?, David T. Bilton Jan 2014

What's In A Name? What Have Taxonomy And Systematics Ever Done For Us?, David T. Bilton

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

There is increasingly little doubt that we are in the midst of an anthropogenically driven extinction event which may end up rivalling the mass extinctions of the geological past (Barnosky et al., 2011). Increasingly the world’s natural and seminatural habitats are being irreversibly transformed by human populations, meaning that much of global biodiversity is under threat (see Caro et al., 2011 on remaining intact ecosystems). Given this “biodiversity crisis” and the fact that biodiversity is ultimately essential to human survival on this planet (e.g. Juniper, 2013) one might expect that the basic science underpinning the study of biodiversity would be …

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Biological Invasions: Insights Into Ecology And Evolution, Jennifer Naomi Smith Jan 2014

Biological Invasions: Insights Into Ecology And Evolution, Jennifer Naomi Smith

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Introductions of exotic species commonly restructure native communities, but the mechanisms driving native species responses are poorly understood. Invasion biology has focused its research on the negative impacts of invaders, yet invaders can also have positive interactions. A holistic understanding of how biological invasions can have a full range of potential responses from negative to neutral to positive. Understanding the mechanics that underlie native species responses to invasions can help elucidate those factors structuring the native communities we see today. I used a combination of experimental and observational studies in the field and laboratory to determine the effects of spotted …

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Chocorua Lake, Cooperative Extension Jan 2014

Chocorua Lake, Cooperative Extension

UNH Cooperative Extension

No abstract provided.

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Great East Lake, Cooperative Extension Jan 2014

Great East Lake, Cooperative Extension

UNH Cooperative Extension

No abstract provided.

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Lovell Lake, Cooperative Extension Jan 2014

Lovell Lake, Cooperative Extension

UNH Cooperative Extension

No abstract provided.

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Shape Shifting: Local Landmarks Interfere With Navigation By, And Recognition Of, Global Shape., Matthew G. Buckley, Alastair D. Smith, Mark Haselgrove Jan 2014

Shape Shifting: Local Landmarks Interfere With Navigation By, And Recognition Of, Global Shape., Matthew G. Buckley, Alastair D. Smith, Mark Haselgrove

School of Psychology

No abstract provided.

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English-Learning One- To Two-Year-Olds Do Not Show A Consonant Bias In Word Learning., Caroline Floccia, Thierry Nazzi, Luche C Delle, Silvana Poltrock, Jeremy Goslin Jan 2014

English-Learning One- To Two-Year-Olds Do Not Show A Consonant Bias In Word Learning., Caroline Floccia, Thierry Nazzi, Luche C Delle, Silvana Poltrock, Jeremy Goslin

School of Psychology

Following the proposal that consonants are more involved than vowels in coding the lexicon (Nespor, Peña & Mehler, 2003), an early lexical consonant bias was found from age 1;2 in French but an equal sensitivity to consonants and vowels from 1;0 to 2;0 in English. As different tasks were used in French and English, we sought to clarify this ambiguity by using an interactive word-learning study similar to that used in French, with British-English-learning toddlers aged 1;4 and 1;11. Children were taught two CVC labels differing on either a consonant or vowel and tested on their pairing of a third …

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Mediofrontal Event-Related Potentials In Response To Positive, Negative And Unsigned Prediction Errors., Thomas D. Sambrook, Jeremy Goslin Jan 2014

Mediofrontal Event-Related Potentials In Response To Positive, Negative And Unsigned Prediction Errors., Thomas D. Sambrook, Jeremy Goslin

School of Psychology

Reinforcement learning models make use of reward prediction errors (RPEs), the difference between an expected and obtained reward. There is evidence that the brain computes RPEs, but an outstanding question is whether positive RPEs ("better than expected") and negative RPEs ("worse than expected") are represented in a single integrated system. An electrophysiological component, feedback related negativity, has been claimed to encode an RPE but its relative sensitivity to the utility of positive and negative RPEs remains unclear. This study explored the question by varying the utility of positive and negative RPEs in a design that controlled for other closely related …

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Using Forced Choice To Test Belief Bias In Syllogistic Reasoning., Dries Trippas, Michael F. Verde, Simon J. Handley Jan 2014

Using Forced Choice To Test Belief Bias In Syllogistic Reasoning., Dries Trippas, Michael F. Verde, Simon J. Handley

School of Psychology

In deductive reasoning, believable conclusions are more likely to be accepted regardless of their validity. Although many theories argue that this belief bias reflects a change in the quality of reasoning, distinguishing qualitative changes from simple response biases can be difficult (Dube, Rotello, & Heit, 2010). We introduced a novel procedure that controls for response bias. In Experiments 1 and 2, the task required judging which of two simultaneously presented syllogisms was valid. Surprisingly, there was no evidence for belief bias with this forced choice procedure. In Experiment 3, the procedure was modified so that only one set of premises …

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From Theory To Practice: Two Ecosystemic Approaches And Their Applications To Understanding School Bullying, Guckin C Mc, Stephen James Minton Jan 2014

From Theory To Practice: Two Ecosystemic Approaches And Their Applications To Understanding School Bullying, Guckin C Mc, Stephen James Minton

School of Psychology

School professionals, particularly school counsellors and school psychologists, require detailed knowledge of many important factors that contribute to the personal, academic, and vocational development of the students in their charge (e.g., psychosocial development, curricula developments, local community developments and initiatives, national and international policy developments). The amount of detail and knowledge required by school counsellors/psychologists is bewildering, even before consideration of the individual differences in those who require their help. A framework can provide school professionals with a parsimonious approach to organising, synthesising and understanding all the information that needs to be considered in relation to a child within a …

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Implicit Meaning In 18-Month-Old Toddlers., Luche C Delle, Samantha Durrant, Caroline Floccia, Kim Plunkett Jan 2014

Implicit Meaning In 18-Month-Old Toddlers., Luche C Delle, Samantha Durrant, Caroline Floccia, Kim Plunkett

School of Psychology

A substantial body of evidence demonstrates that infants understand the meaning of spoken words from as early as 6 months. Yet little is known about their ability to do so in the absence of any visual referent, which would offer diagnostic evidence for an adult-like, symbolic interpretation of words and their use in language mediated thought. We used the head-turn preference procedure to examine whether infants can generate implicit meanings from word forms alone as early as 18 months of age, and whether they are sensitive to meaningful relationships between words. In one condition, toddlers were presented with lists of …

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Manual Choice Reaction Times In The Rate-Domain., Cm Harris, J Waddington, V Biscione, S Manzi Jan 2014

Manual Choice Reaction Times In The Rate-Domain., Cm Harris, J Waddington, V Biscione, S Manzi

School of Psychology

Over the last 150 years, human manual reaction times (RTs) have been recorded countless times. Yet, our understanding of them remains remarkably poor. RTs are highly variable with positively skewed frequency distributions, often modeled as an inverse Gaussian distribution reflecting a stochastic rise to threshold (diffusion process). However, latency distributions of saccades are very close to the reciprocal Normal, suggesting that "rate" (reciprocal RT) may be the more fundamental variable. We explored whether this phenomenon extends to choice manual RTs. We recorded two-alternative choice RTs from 24 subjects, each with 4 blocks of 200 trials with two task difficulties (easy …

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Frozen, Old, Or New? : Comparing Biochemical Markers And Tissue Oxygenation In Transfused Blood, Connor Wiles Jan 2014

Frozen, Old, Or New? : Comparing Biochemical Markers And Tissue Oxygenation In Transfused Blood, Connor Wiles

University Honors Theses

The transfusion of red blood cells is a necessary therapy used to treat anemia that often results from traumatic hemorrhage. The traditional method of storing red blood cells prior to transfusion in the United States has been as a liquid in a refrigerated fashion at a temperature between two and eight degrees Celsius. Throughout the storage duration, the red cells undergo a series of structural, functional, and biochemical changes commonly known as the storage lesion. Increased length of storage has been associated with increased rates of infection, as well as higher incidents of mortality. We hypothesized that this prospective, randomized, …

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Platonic Forms And Unicorns: Plato's Philosophy In Peter S. Beagle's The Last Unicorn, Jade Donigan Jan 2014

Platonic Forms And Unicorns: Plato's Philosophy In Peter S. Beagle's The Last Unicorn, Jade Donigan

University Honors Theses

Since its publication in 1968, Peter S. Beagle’s enduring fantasy novel The Last Unicorn has captured both the popular and critical imagination. While several critics have noted that Beagle seems to incorporate various aspects of Plato’s philosophy, none have dedicated a focused analysis to this specific textual feature. This thesis explores the way in which The Last Unicorn both invokes and subverts Plato’s dualistic conception of "reality" and "truth", and concludes that it does so in order to construct a vision of reality that recognizes transient, human experiences and knowledge are just as "true" as transcendent, timeless experiences and knowledge. …

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Network Analysis-Based Psychoeducation For Gad, Corinna Scott Jan 2014

Network Analysis-Based Psychoeducation For Gad, Corinna Scott

University Honors Theses

Psychoeducation, providing essential information for a client about psychological and physiological processes, is typically the first step in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) but its content and implementation is currently underdeveloped. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a prevalent mental disorder in the United States. Often, persons with GAD and their primary care providers and family do not recognize or understand the meaning of their symptoms because of the diffuse and imprecise nature of the diagnosis. This thesis aims to investigate a systems network analysis of generalized anxiety disorder to explore suggestions for enhancing psychoeducation as an initial intervention for GAD clients. A …

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Sense Of Place And Stakeholder Involvement In Rural Environmental Management, Jessica Lynn Beutler Jan 2014

Sense Of Place And Stakeholder Involvement In Rural Environmental Management, Jessica Lynn Beutler

University Honors Theses

There is a growing need for involvement of local communities in environmental management in order to develop dynamic and holistic management strategies. Communities have direct impact on the ecosystems they live in; therefore, it is vital to understand the environmental values and knowledge of environmental threats held by those communities. Integrating the community’s knowledge into local environmental management can help engage instead of alienate them. The relationship between rural communities and their local environment in Puget Island, WA was investigated by conducting interviews with residents, examining at their values and understanding of environmental issues. Additionally, this research investigates how sense …

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If It Wasn't This: Collected Short Stories, Kevin Dorn Jan 2014

If It Wasn't This: Collected Short Stories, Kevin Dorn

University Honors Theses

Collected short stories dealing with limitations in various forms.

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Comics And The Complicit Reader: Closure As A Transgressive Technique In Transmetropolitan, Kyle Knox Jan 2014

Comics And The Complicit Reader: Closure As A Transgressive Technique In Transmetropolitan, Kyle Knox

University Honors Theses

In recent years, the critical analysis of comic books has come to be a respected field in popular culture studies. Transmetropolitan, a 60 issue comic book created by writer Warren Ellis and artist Darick Robertson, became a one of the most popular nonsuperhero series throughout its publication by DC Comics in the late 1990's and early 2000's. Since the beginning of the present decade, scholars have paid increased attention to the thematic content of the series, identifying the text as a brutal transgressive satire of Western consumerist culture. This paper examines the formal structure of the work, primarily through …

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Communication Tools Towards A Bioregional Consciousness, Elona Trogub Jan 2014

Communication Tools Towards A Bioregional Consciousness, Elona Trogub

University Honors Theses

Recognizing that ecological collapse is within reach, I draw upon the observations that poorly distributed power dynamics supported through the reinforcement of individualism, hierarchism, reductionism, linear thinking, etc. are some of the basic principles that pose a challenge when it comes to embracing new and very ancient ways of interacting with the rest of living systems. There exist “original instructions,” reinforced by recent scientific acknowledgements, that contain guidelines for needed action and interaction to prevent anthropogenic ecological collapse. I utilize storytelling as well as several of the leverage points for systems change suggested by Donella Meadows (1999) in deconstructing the …

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Katharsis & Tragic Pathos, Jared L. Wait-Molyneux Jan 2014

Katharsis & Tragic Pathos, Jared L. Wait-Molyneux

University Honors Theses

This project is bound up with the old question of what gives tragedy its lasting appeal. The majority of contemporary criticism on tragedy focuses on aspects having to do with the democratic polis. Many of these studies take this musical genre as primarily a means for exposing Athenian civic ideology and norms in social behavior. But this does not account for continued interest in Greek drama. To answer the question at hand, more attention needs to be paid [to] pathos and katharsis, by students and critics of Greek tragedy, as these are vital aspects of the tragic experience, both within …

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Américo Castro, Saint James, And Spain: The History Of A Belief, Daniel Blanchard Jan 2014

Américo Castro, Saint James, And Spain: The History Of A Belief, Daniel Blanchard

University Honors Theses

The present essay is broadly interested in the problem of writing history, and the way different manners of confronting this problem are received and represented in the modern day as our historiographical compass increases in depth, scope, and capacity. Within the breadth of this theme, my case study is centered on the Spanish historian Américo Castro (1885–1972), an author whose work embodies not only the Spanish intellectual trends of his day, but also a substantial swath of Western philosophy and academic scholarship. I demonstrate the influence of existential philosophy on Castro, as well as the myopic filter of nationalism through …

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;(, Robert Eversmann Jan 2014

;(, Robert Eversmann

University Honors Theses

Stories about Hillsboro, 7/11, Target, Arco, Shari's, NAPA, Gentle Dental, Dutch Brother's, Tri-Cities, Skate World, Tijuana, Akron and Dayton Ohio.

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International Perspectives On Sustainable Agriculture In Cuba, B. Danielle Smith Jan 2014

International Perspectives On Sustainable Agriculture In Cuba, B. Danielle Smith

University Honors Theses

Since the economic crisis following the collapse of the Soviet Union, Cuba has restructured their agriculture with a greater focus on domestic production of domestically consumed produce, and a dramatic reduction of petroleum products in all aspects of food production. This overhaul has included the broad application of what is termed agroecology – agricultural practices which focus on principles of biodiversity and sustainability – and inter-farm cooperation facilitated by the National Association of Small Farmers (ANAP) and Campesino a Campesino. Academics and journalists from within and abroad have critically examined aspects of the novel reforms developed in the country …

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