Digital Commons Network^™

Weighing Medical Judgments: Explaining Evidentiary Preferences For Treating Physician Opinions In Erisa Cases After Black & Decker Disability Plan V. Nord, Roy F. Harmon Iii, A.G. Harmon

Scholarly Articles

No abstract provided.

Synthesis, Characterization, And Optical Properties Of Novel 2,5-Bis[4-(2-(-Arylvinyl)Phenyl]-1,3,4-Oxadiazoles, Dao-Hang He, Yong-Chuang Zhu, Zhuo-Ru Yang, Ai-Xi Hu, Gao Cao

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Six novel 2,5-bis[4-(2-arylvinyl)phenyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazoles were synthesized by introducing 1,3,4-oxadiazole moiety into the stilbene skeleton. The synthesis route included the cyclization of p-toluic acid and hydrazine hydrate catalyzed by polyphosphoric acid (PPA), bromination of 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DBDMH), esterification, and the Wittig-Horner reaction. All the title compounds were characterized by ^1H-NMR, MS, and elemental analysis. UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence emission spectra in THF solution were investigated; the compounds may have potential for use in organic optical materials.

International Intellectual Property, Melvyn J. Simburg, Robin Fahlberg, Suong Nguyen, Henry Blanco White, Bruce Macdonald, Aleksey Zalesov, Paul Jones, Daniel Marugg, Susan Brushaber, Herman Croux, Carl Kesten, Brechtje Lindeboom, David Taylor, Edward D. Manchester

The International Lawyer

No abstract provided.

Unlikely Bedfellows: Feminist Theory And The War On Terror, Rachel Lorna Johnstone

Chicago-Kent Journal of International and Comparative Law

No abstract provided.

Indian Patent Law: Walking The Line, Johanna Sheehe

Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business

This comment proposes that cultural preferences have had a strong influence over the development of Indian patent law, and that these preferences influenced the court decision against Novartis. Part I will introduce TRIPS and international patent law, discuss the development of Indian patent law in the context of its colonial past and WTO membership, and explain the decisions by the Indian Patent Office and the Court of Madras in the context of Glivec's development. Part II will explore WTO attitudes and approaches to TRIPS and argue that if Switzerland were to bring India to the WTO's Dispute Settlement Board (DSB), …

Four-Country Surveillance Of Intestinal Intussusception And Diarrhoea In Children, Shally Awasthi, Girdhar Agarwal, Vikas Mishra, Vijay Laxmi Nag, Hesham Fathey El Sayed, Antonio Da Cunha, Alvaro Madeiro, Dipty Jain, William Macharia, James Ndung'u, Saumya Awasthi, Ashish Wakhlu

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Aim: Establishment of baseline epidemiology of intussusception in developing countries has become a necessity with the possibility of reintroduction of rotavirus vaccine. The current study assessed the seasonal trend in cases admitted with intussusceptions and dehydrating acute watery diarrhoea in children aged 2 months to 10 years.

Methods: In a prospective surveillance study, teaching and research hospital sites in India (Lucknow and Nagpur), Brazil (Fortazela), Egypt (Ismailia) and Kenya (Nairobi) established a surveillance where a network of hospitals with surgical facilities catered to a reference population of about 1-2 million for reporting of intussusception. One large hospital per site also …

International Standards For Detaining Terrorism Suspects: Moving Beyond The Armed Conflict-Criminal Divide, Monica Hakimi

Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.

Canada-United States Cooperative Approaches To Shared Marine Fishery Resources: Territorial Subversion?, Ted L. Mcdorman

Michigan Journal of International Law

This Essay will focus on how Canada and the United States have both succeeded and failed in adopting cooperative approaches to managing ocean fishery resources. A critical factor that has influenced these efforts is the introduction of an international legal construct dictating that States have exclusive sovereign rights respecting all marine living resources within 200 nautical miles of their shores. Cooperative approaches to managing transboundary marine living resources between Canada and the United States are necessary for two reasons. First, in the case of marine living resources, the resource pays scant attention to human-constructed national boundaries. Put another way, marine …

Conflicting Jurisdictions Over Disputes Arising From The Application Of Trade-Related Environmental Measures, Wen-Chen Shih

Richmond Journal of Global Law & Business

No abstract provided.

Paper Women: The Representation Of Female Offenders In Irish Newspapers, Lynsey Black

Dissertations

Reductionistic definitions characterise many of the representations of women in our society. From superficial depictions of women as sex objects to the elevation of motherhood as a paragon of womanhood, women navigate myriad roles available to them exclusively because of their gender. Female offenders are potentially more vulnerable to such limitations of representation due to their relative invisibility. Society is largely unacquainted with the realities of circumstance for such women, who are therefore reliant upon media outlets to inform the public. The operation of this process in Ireland has not been the subject of extensive research, and the current study …

Afforestation Alters The Composition Of Functional Genes In Soil And Biogeochemical Processes In South American Grasslands, Sean T. Berthrong, Christopher W. Schadt, Gervasio Piñeiro, Robert B. Jackson

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

Soil microbes are highly diverse and control most soil biogeochemical reactions. We examined how microbial functional genes and biogeochemical pools responded to the altered chemical inputs accompanying land use change. We examined paired native grasslands and adjacent Eucalyptus plantations (previously grassland) in Uruguay, a region that lacked forests before European settlement. Along with measurements of soil carbon, nitrogen, and bacterial diversity, we analyzed functional genes using the GeoChip 2.0 microarray, which simultaneously quantified several thousand genes involved in soil carbon and nitrogen cycling. Plantations and grassland differed significantly in functional gene profiles, bacterial diversity, and biogeochemical pool sizes. Most grassland …

A Global Meta-Analysis Of Soil Exchangeable Cations, Ph, Carbon, And Nitrogen With Afforestation, Sean T. Berthrong, Esteban G. Jobbagy, Robert B. Jackson

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

Afforestation, the conversion of non-forested lands to forest plantations, can sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide, but the rapid growth and harvesting of biomass may deplete nutrients and degrade soils if managed improperly. The goal of this study is to evaluate how afforestation affects mineral soil quality, including pH, sodium, exchangeable cations, organic carbon, and nitrogen, and to examine the magnitude of these changes regionally where afforestation rates are high. We also examine potential mechanisms to reduce the impacts of afforestation on soils and to maintain long-term productivity.

Across diverse plantation types (153 sites) to a depth of 30 cm of mineral …

The Mechanism Of Expansion And The Volatility It Created In Three Pheromone Gene Clusters In The Mouse (Mus Musculus) Genome, Robert C. Karn, Christina M. Laukaitis

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

Three families of proteinaceous pheromones have been described in the house mouse: androgen-binding proteins (ABPs), exocrine gland–secreting peptides (ESPs), and major urinary proteins (MUPs), each of which is thought to communicate different information. All three are encoded by large gene clusters in different regions of the mouse genome, clusters that have expanded dramatically during mouse evolutionary history. We report copy number variation among the most recently duplicated Abp genes, which suggests substantial volatility in this gene region. It appears that groups of these genes behave as low copy repeats (LCRs), duplicating as relatively large blocks of genes by nonallelic homologous …

Wolf Spiders Of The Pacific Region: The Genus Zoica (Araneae, Lycosidae), Volker W. Framenau, James W. Berry, Joseph A. Beatty

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

The wolf spider genus Zoica Simon 1898 is currently known only from the Indo-Australasian region, including India in the west to northern Western Australia and Papua New Guinea in the east. Here we extend the known distribution of the genus into the Pacific region by describing two new species, Z. carolinensis new species from the Caroline Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, and Z. pacifica new species from the Republic of the Marshall Islands.

Ephemeral Mechanisms And Historical Explanation, Stuart Glennan

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

While much of the recent literature on mechanisms has emphasized the superiority of mechanisms and mechanistic explanation over laws and nomological explanation, paradigmatic mechanisms—e.g., clocks or synapses – actually exhibit a great deal of stability in their behavior. And while mechanisms of this kind are certainly of great importance, there are many events that do not occur as a consequence of the operation of stable mechanisms. Events of natural and human history are often the consequence of causal processes that are ephemeral and capricious. In this paper I shall argue that, notwithstanding their ephemeral nature, these processes deserve to be …

Questioning The Resort To U.S. Hegemonic Military Force, Harry Van Der Linden

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

This paper seeks to defend the thesis that this American project of military hegemony has a variety of global security costs of such combined magnitude that there is a strong prima facie case against the resort to armed force by the United States, so that its wars might be wrong even when there is a just cause. My thesis is based on the jus ad bellum principle of proportionality.

Out Of India: Immigrant Hindus And South Asian Hinduism In The United States, Chad M. Bauman, Jennifer Saunders

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

The article provides a survey of research on immigrant Hindus and South Asian Hinduism in the United States, focusing in particular on certain trends in the development of American Hinduism (e.g., Americanization, protestantization, ecumenization, congregationalization, homogenization, ritual adaptation) and prominent themes in more recent scholarship on the topic (e.g., race, transnational connections, and Hindu nationalism).

Basking Behavior Of Emydid Turtles (Chysemys Picta Marginata, Graptemys Geographica, And Trachemys Scripta Elegans) In An Urban Landscape, W. E. Peterman, Travis J. Ryan

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

Basking is common in emydid turtles and is generally accepted to be in thermoregulatory behavior. In 2004, we quantified and described the basking behavior of turtles in the Central Canal of Indianapolis. This canal system runs through an urban landscape that is dominated by fragmented woodlots, residential areas. and commercial areas. We observed that basking turtles exhibited variable basking behavior. with spatial and temporal shins in basking behavior from east-facing banks in the morning to west-facing banks in the afternoon. Turtles in the Central Canal are subject to frequent disturbance, which altered basking behavior. Many turtles forewent aerial basking on …

Entering A Systemic Revolution, David S. Mason

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

The collapse of the United States as the global hegemon constitutes a “systemic revolution” that will transform both the U.S. and the rest of the globe. Such a revolution is different from “normal” political revolutions, which entail an overthrow of the government. A systemic revolution ushers in even broader and more enduring changes in economy, society and culture, and it also transcends national boundaries, affecting other countries and the global system itself. It is a global paradigm shift, and we are right smack in the middle of it.

Longer Duration Of Epilepsy And Earlier Age At Epilepsy Onset Correlate With Impaired Cognitive Development In Infancy, Martina Vendrame

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

We assessed the impact of age at onset of epilepsy and duration and frequency of seizures on cognitive development in children less than 3 years old. Retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data and neuropsychological testing of 33 infants with epilepsy. Developmental quotients were calculated and were correlated with age at epilepsy onset, duration of epilepsy, seizure frequency, brain pathology, and types of seizures (with/without spasms) as potential predictors. Infants with longer duration and earlier onset of epilepsy performed worse on developmental neuropsychological testing. Regression analyses showed that age at epilepsy onset and percentage of life with epilepsy were …

Air-Sea Gas Exchange Of Co2 And Dms In The North Atlantic By Eddy Covariance, Scott Miller, Christa Marandino, Warren J. De Bruyn, Eric S. Saltzman

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

We report the first simultaneous eddy covariance flux measurements of CO2 and dimethylsulfide (DMS) over the open ocean for two North Atlantic cruises. After normalization for Schmidt number, the two gases give essentially identical gas transfer coefficients and wind speed dependences for the wind speed range 2-10 ms(-1). The data indicate a linear relationship between the gas transfer coefficient and mean wind speed, with measured gas transfer coefficients slightly above the Wanninkhof (1992) parameterization, particularly at low wind speeds. Citation: Miller, S., C. Marandino, W. de Bruyn, and E. S. Saltzman (2009), Air-sea gas exchange of CO2 and DMS in …

Wooster Magazine: Winter 2009, Karol Crosbie

Wooster Magazine: 2001-2010

This edition of the Wooster Magazine was published in the winter of 2009. Five professors are featured for their balance of research and teaching: Josephine Wright, John Lindner, Amber Garcia, Jeff Roche, and Sharon Lynn. The life of Frank Carpenter is detailed from page sixteen to twenty-three. William Chancellor's murky story is told from page twenty-four to twenty-seven. Five Wooster alumni who were married after the age of sixty are featured next in the magazine.

Gene Duplication And The Resolution Of Adaptive Conflict, Jay F. Storz

Jay F. Storz Publications

Gene duplication is known to play an important role in the evolution of novel protein functions. However, there is still much debate about the evolutionary mechanisms that are responsible for the initial retention and subsequent divergence of newly created gene duplicates (Lynch et al., 2001; Zhang, 2003; Lynch and Katju, 2004; Taylor and Raes, 2004). According to the neofunctionalization (NEOF) model of Ohno (1970), the functional redundancy of duplicated genes entails a relaxation of purifying selection that results in the accumulation of degenerative mutations in one gene copy, while the other duplicate copy continues to perform the essential tasks of …

Forest Restoration Project In The Gordon Natural Area, Gerard Hertel

Gordon Natural Area Forest Restoration Project Documents

No abstract provided.

Annual Report October 1, 2006 - September 30, 2007 Endangered Species Act Section 10(A)1(B) Permit For The Incidental Take Of The Barton Springs Salamander (Eurycea Sosorum)

KIP Data Sets and Technical Reports

Table of Contents Summary of Compliance 2 Summary of Salamander Status/Biological Data 14 Pool Maintenance and Management Activities 21 Barton Springs Improvements Master Plan Short-Term Projects 25 Literature Cited 32 Open Access - Permission by Publisher See Extended description for more information.

2009: Proceedings Of The 15th International Congress Of Speleology, Kerrville, Texas, July 19-26, 2009, Volume 2, Symposia, Part 2 International Congress Of Speleology Ics Proceedings, William Blaine White

KIP Talks and Conferences

Note: an uncompressed version is available by selecting the "Additional Digital Versions" URL below. From the Preface: "Five Hundred papers were presented at the Fifteenth International Speleological Congress, Kerrville, Texas, USA on July, 19-26, 2009 by speleologists from all over the world. These volumes contain the written record for those papers. Authors who chose to do so were invited to prepare full papers of up to six pages. Authors who preferred a more limited text contributed abstracts of their papers for the Proceedings. The papers fall into two categories: those that were incorporated into the 13 symposia; 300 papers and …

2009: Proceedings Of The 15th International Congress Of Speleology, Kerrville, Texas, July 19-26, 2009, Volume 1, Symposia, Part 1 International Congress Of Speleology Ics Proceedings, William Blaine White

KIP Talks and Conferences

Note: an uncompressed version is available by selecting the "Additional Digital Versions" URL below. From the Preface: "Five Hundred papers were presented at the Fifteenth International Speleological Congress, Kerrville, Texas, USA on July, 19-26, 2009 by speleologists from all over the world. These volumes contain the written record for those papers. Authors who chose to do so were invited to prepare full papers of up to six pages. Authors who preferred a more limited text contributed abstracts of their papers for the Proceedings. The papers fall into two categories: those that were incorporated into the 13 symposia; 300 papers and …

Pages News, Volume 17, No. 1, January 2009, Julie Brigham-Grette, Ross Powell, Louise Newman

PAGES

Contents: Editorial: Change at the Poles: A Paleoscience Perspective -- PAGES calendar -- Inside PAGES -- New on the PAGES Bookshelf -- PAGES OSM and YSM announcement -- Science Highlights: Open Section -- Data portal for transient paleoclimate simulations covering the last 21 kyr -- Teleconnections during glacial terminations associated with ENSO-like variability -- Accurate dating of Gallipoli Terrace sediments: Historical eruptions and climate -- Special Section: Change at the Poles: A Paleoscience Perspective -- Science Highlights -- 2000 years of climate variability inferred from Arctic lake sediments -- Holocene paleoclimate of the Canadian Arctic Islands: The ACVAST project -- …

Assessment Of River Herring And Striped Bass In The Connecticut River: Abundance, Population Structure, And Predator/Prey Interactions, Justin P. Davis, Eric T. Schultz, Jason Vokoun

EEB Articles

Populations of anadromous alewife Alosa pseudoharengus and blueback herring A. aestivalis, collectively referred to as river herring, have declined in the Connecticut River. An explanatory hypothesis for these declines is that predation pressures have increased as a result of recent increases in abundance of sympatric striped bass Morone saxatilis. We sampled river herring and striped bass from the stretch of the Connecticut River between Wethersfield, CT and Holyoke, MA during the vernal migration seasons of 2005-2008. The objectives of the sampling program were to assess abundance, temporal/spatial distribution, and population structure of both river herring and striped bass, …

Estimating Predation On Declining River Herring: Tag-Recapture Study Of Striped Bass In The Connecticut River, Eric T. Schultz, Justin P. Davis, Jason Vokoun

EEB Articles

Populations of anadromous alewife Alosa pseudoharengus and blueback herring Alosa aestivalis, collectively referred to as river herring, have declined in the Connecticut River. A hypothesis for why river herring have declined is that predation pressures have increased associated with recent increases in abundance of striped bass Morone saxatilis. Information on striped bass abundance, size structure, and consumption rates are required to test this hypothesis. This study was designed to provide estimates of striped bass population size in the Connecticut River during the spring migration season, via an intensive mark-recapture exercise and either an open or robust mark-recapture model. …