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Enterovirus 71 Outbreak, Brunei, Sazaly Abubakar, I-Ching Sam, Jaliha Yusof, Meng Keang Lim, Suzana Misbah, Nor Aziyah Mat Rahim, Poh-Sim Hooi

Research Publications (2006 to 2010)

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) outbreaks occur periodically in the Asia-Pacific region. In 2006, Brunei reported its first major outbreak of EV71 infections, associated with fatalities from neurologic complications. Isolated EV71 strains formed a distinct lineage with low diversity within subgeno-group B5, suggesting recent introduction and rapid spread within Brunei.

Eighteenth-Century London And The Birth Of Consumer Culture, Lisa Fisher

Theses & ETDs

This thesis considers the birth of consumer culture in eighteenth-century London and explores the changes witnessed by society in response to the mass production of consumer goods. Maintaining that the eighteenth century witnessed the birth of the "modern world", this study considers the growth of industrial capitalism and the expansion of global markets as catalysts for the restructuring of British society. This transitory period was wrought with many difficulties, as progress of a civilization often entails a reorganization of social hierarchies and values. The growth of fashion, communications, advertising and print culture forever changed not only the structure of the …

A Review: Incorporating Entomopathogenic Fungi Into Integrated Vector Management Programs To Diminish Tropical Disease, Carli Janelle Cooper

Theses & ETDs

Tropical diseases sicken millions of people annually. Insect vector control is imperative for improving the quality of life for those at risk of contracting tropical diseases by reducing incidences of tropical disease. However, current vector control programs could be at the brink of failure because chemical insecticides provide a substantial portion of modern-day control measures, but incidence of insect resistance completely threatens their effectiveness (Kuile et al. 2003; Gullan and Cranston 2005; O'Reilly et al. 2006). New control methods and agents must be discovered, researched, and implemented, or the number of tropical disease cases will likely soar (Lacey et al. …

Comparing Health Systems: Hiv/Aids In India And The United States, Anita V. Tambay

Theses & ETDs

Public health systems function in ensuring the health needs of a population are met, focusing particularly on the prevention of ill health. Due to India’s enormous population, and the resultant strain on its resources, India’s public health system has proved inadequate. In the coming years, the Indian government should shift its focus towards addressing primary health care needs such as nutrition and prenatal care. In the US, though health standards are relatively high, disparities in health indicators can be seen across minority populations. These disparities indicate public health efforts are not reaching at-risk populations. Additionally, both India and the US …

Determination Of Functional B Cell Defects In Hiv-1 Infection, Common Variable Immunodeficiency And Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Through The Flow Cytometric Analysis Of Naive And Memory Subsets, Stephanie Hudey

Theses & ETDs

There is a common misconception that HIV-1 infection affects only T cells, but the reality is that it has a drastic impact on both the cell-mediated and humoral arms of the immune system. B cell defects have been well described in the literature for systemic lupus erythematosus and common variable immunodeficiency, two diseases that have similarities to HIV-1 infection in terms of B cell dysfunction, such as aberrant B cell activation and differentiation resulting in maturation arrest and lower memory B cell proportions. The purpose of this study was to examine the frequency of expression of activation and differentiation markers …

Systems Biology: The Search For Microrna Regulation Of Human Ciliary Lung Cells, Naomi Louise Paula Ardjomand-Kermani

Theses & ETDs

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short (~22nt), endogenous, non-coding RNAs that play an important gene regulatory role in animals and plants by targeting mRNAs for degradation or translational repression. Mucociliary clearance is an essential mechanism of lung defense against inhaled chemical particulate toxins and infectious organisms. Ciliated cells are among several differentiated cell types within the lung epithelium. To maintain normal mucociliary clearance, ciliogenesis is essential. Through computational data mining the expression of miRNAs during ciliogenesis was investigated and found 6 miRNAs (miR-15a, miR-15b, miR-16, miR-195, miR-424, miR-497) with targeting sites on 3 genes (GHR, TUBA1A, CGI-38) of the ciliary axoneme of …

2008 Major Sponsored Programs And Faculty Awards For Research And Creative Activity, Office Of Research, University Of Nebraska–Lincoln

Office of Research and Economic Development: Publications

Awards of $3 million or more
Awards of $1 million to $2,999,999
Awards of $200,000 to $999,999
Early Career Awards
Arts and Humanities Awards of $50,000 or more
Arts and Humanities Awards of $5,000 to $49,999
Patents Issued
Intellectual Property Licences
Creative Works in Fine and Performing Arts
Books
Recognitions and Honors
Glossary of Federal Agency Abbreviations

Failure Of E. Coli Bacteria To Induce Preterm Delivery In The Rat, Emmet Hirsch, Yana Filipovich, Roberto Romero

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

We sought to develop a model of bacterially induced preterm delivery in rats to parallel similar models in mice.

Methods

Female Sprague-Dawley rats on day 17 of gestation (normal term = 21–22 days) were inoculated into the uterus with either 2 × 10⁹ – 7 × 10¹⁰ killed E. coli organisms, 1 – 4 × 10⁸ live E. coli or sterile solution. These inoculations were made either via trans-cervical catheter or by direct intrauterine injection at laparotomy. Animals were then observed for delivery for variable periods up to term. Necropsies were performed and fetal viability …

Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis Masquerading As Interstitial Pneumonia In A 66-Year-Old Man: A Case Report And Review Of Literature, Ashima Makol, Kalyan Kosuri, Deimante Tamkus, Wanderley De M Calaca, Howard T. Chang

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LG) is a rare, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated systemic angiodestructive lymphoproliferative disorder that may progress to a diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Pulmonary involvement may mimic other more common lung pathologies including pneumonias. Therapeutic standards have not been established for LG, but rituximab, interferon-α2b (INF-α2b), and chemotherapy have shown to improve symptoms and long term prognosis.

We report a case of rapid respiratory deterioration in a 66-year-old man with clinical presentation, chest radiography, pulmonary function testing and high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings consistent with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, but very poor response to antibiotics and low dose steroids. …

Antimicrobial Activity Of Some Thiourea Derivatives And Their Nickel And Copper Complexes, Hakan Arslan, Nizami Duran, Gulay Borekci, Cemal Koray Ozer, Cevdet Akbay

College of Health, Science, and Technology

Five thiourea derivative ligands and their Ni2+ and Cu 2+ complexes have been synthesized. The compounds were screened for their in vitro anti-bacterial activity using Gram-positive bacteria (two different standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Bacillus cereus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Esherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae, Proteus vulgaris, Enterobacter aerogenes) and in vitro anti-yeast activity (Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis). The minimum inhibitory concentration was determined for all ligands and their complexes. In vitro anti-yeast activity of both ligands and their metal complexes is greater than their in vitro anti-bacterial …

Case Report: Histopathology Of Fatal Respiratory Distress Caused By Plasmodium Vivax Malaria, Neena Valecha, Rock G.W. Pinto, Gareth D.H. Turner, Ashwani Kumar, Savio Rodrigues, Nagesh G. Dubhashi, Edmond Rodrigues, Sidhartha S. Banaulikar, Ruchi Singh, Aditya P. Dash, J. Kevin Baird

United States Public Health Resources

An otherwise healthy 20-year-old woman in Goa, India, received antibiotics after a diagnosis of upper respiratory tract infection. One week later, vivax malaria was diagnosed at a health center, but the patient developed respiratory distress and lost consciousness. She arrived at emergency department in shock, breathless, and comatose. She died within minutes. Two independent laboratories later confirmed Plasmodium vivax by microscopy (140,000/μL) and by nested and real-time polymerase chain reaction methods. Post-mortem examination showed congestion of alveolar capillaries by heavy monocytic infiltrates, along with diffuse damage to alveolar membranes consistent with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Parasites seen in lung tissue …

Preliminary Evaluation Of A Procedure For Improved Detection Of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia Coli In Fecal Specimens, Jinxin Hu, Donna Green, Jennifer Swoveland, Michael Grant, David S. Boyle

United States Public Health Resources

Culture confirmation of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is very important for epidemiologic analysis. However, isolation of non-O157 STEC on conventional selective media such as sorbitol–MacConkey agar (SMAC) can be difficult because of heavy growth of competing bacteria and its phenotypical similarity to commensal nonpathogenic E. coli. An acid enrichment procedure was introduced in this study to facilitate detection of STEC from patients who were symptomatic. Forty-seven clinical fecal broths, which tested positive for Shiga toxin by commercial immunoassay, were processed for the isolation of STEC by both conventional and the acid enrichment methods. The acid enrichment method and …

Identification Of Francisella Tularensis Subsp. Tularensis A1 And A2 Infections By Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Claudia R. Molins, Jennifer K. Carlson, Jana Coombs, Jeannine M. Petersen

United States Public Health Resources

Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis (type A) is subdivided into clades A1 and A2. Human tularemia infections caused by A1 and A2 differ with respect to clinical outcome; A1 infections are associated with a higher case fatality rate. In this study, we develop and evaluate TaqMan polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for identification of A1 and A2. Both assays were shown to be specific to either A1 or A2, with sensitivities of 10 genomic equivalents. Real-time PCR results for identification of A1 and A2 were in complete agreement with results obtained by pulsed field gel electrophoresis analysis or conventional PCR when …

The Medical And Social Impact Of Cholera In The 19th Century And Beyond, Heather Guy

Vulcan Historical Review

pp. 71-84

Rhizopus Necrotizing Fasciitis Of Caesarean Wound: A Rare Life Threatening Condition, Abdul Rehman Alvi, Ghina Shamsi

Section of General Surgery

Mucormycosis is a rare cause of necrotizing fasciitis in immunocompromised patients. We report a young female, who developed rhizopus necrotizing fasciitis of caesarean wound. The lady died secondary to non-responding sepsis and irreversible multi-organ failure. High index of suspicion can lead to early diagnosis by frozen section of histopathology and fungal culture technique. Aggressive surgical debridement and intravenous anti-fungal medication is the main stay of treatment. A delay in diagnosis and treatment may cause multi-organ failure leading to high mortality.

Vaccination With Mycobacterium Bovis Bcg Strains Danish And Pasteur In White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) Experimentally Challenged With Mycobacterium Bovis, M. V. Palmer, T. C. Thacker, W. R. Waters

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Wildlife reservoirs of Mycobacterium bovis represent serious obstacles to the eradication of tuberculosis in domestic livestock and the cause for many faltering bovine tuberculosis eradication programs. One approach in dealing with wildlife reservoirs of disease is to interrupt inter-species and intraspecies transmission through vaccination of deer or cattle. To evaluate the efficacy of BCG vaccination in white-tailed deer, 35 deer were assigned to one of three groups; one s.c. dose of 10⁷ CFU of M. bovis BCG Pasteur (n = 12); 1 s.c. dose of 10⁷ CFU of M. bovis BCG Danish (n = 11); or unvaccinated deer …

A Global Architecture For Medical Counter-Measure Preparedness Against Bioviolence, Zachary D. Clopton, Barry Kellman

Articles

No abstract provided.

Multiple Cerebellar Aspergillus Abscess In An X-Cgd Patient, Ayse Metin, Mustafa Y. Koker, Mustafa H. Ozturk, Gulnar Sensoy

Neurosciences

No abstract provided.

Swine Influenza H1n1. Is Your Laboratory Prepared?, Sameera Aljohani

Neurosciences

No abstract provided.

Playing Chicken With Bird Flu: "Viral Sovereignty," The Right To Exploit Natural Genetic Resources, And The Potential Human Rights Ramifications, Kenan Mullis

American University International Law Review

No abstract provided.

Exploring The Secrets Of The Three-Dimensional Architecture Of Phototrophic Biofilms In Caves, Mònica Roldán, Mariona Hernández-Mariné

KIP Articles

Caves with dim natural light, and lighted hypogean environments, have been found to host phototrophic microorganisms from various taxonomic groups. These microorganisms group themselves into assemblies known as communities or biofilms, which are associated with rock surfaces. In this work, the phototrophic biofilms that colonise speleothems, walls and floors in three tourist caves (Spain) were studied. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study these organisms and acquire three-dimensional data on their biofilm structure. CLSM was used in a multi-channel mode whereby the different channels map individual biofilm components. Cyanobacteria, green microalgae, diatoms, mosses …

The Afford Health Marketing Initiative In Uganda: Mid-Term Evaluation, Oleksandr Rohozynsky, Christie Billingsley, Annette Bongiovanni

HIV and AIDS

AFFORD is a five-year (2005–10) social marketing initiative financed by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID)/Uganda. It supports the Uganda Ministry of Health’s strategic plan to promote positive health-care-seeking behavior and reduce the shortage of health products and services related to family planning and reproductive health; child health; malaria prevention and treatment; and HIV prevention, care, and treatment. AFFORD seeks to achieve the sustainable marketing of products and services that prevent transmission of HIV, malaria, and diarrheal diseases; to help couples plan their families; and to help people living with HIV enjoy improved quality of life. Target groups …

Technical Assistance To The Uganda Aids Commission For Operationallisation Of The Performance Monitoring And Management Plan, Frederick Makumbi, Roy Mayega, David Kisitu, Juliet Sekandi, Denis A. Bwesigye, Robert Miller, Sam Kalibala

HIV and AIDS

The Uganda AIDS Commission (UAC) has committed to rolling out and making operational a new National Performance Monitoring and Management Plan (PMMP) to monitor and evaluate the national response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic. The PMMP has at its core the collection and processing of 58 national indicators, 47 district output indicators, and 22 outcome indicators covering prevention, care, treatment, and social support. The rollout is challenging because at least seven organizations must collaborate at the national level, and appropriate staff at the district level need to be in place and trained in new procedures of data collection. In addition, these …

Regulation Of Alginate Production Of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Fredrick Heath Damron

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.a.) is a major threat to the health and well being of a person living with cystic fibrosis (CF). P.a. is capable of conversion to mucoidy or alginate overproducing phenotype. Mucoidy facilitates the chronic infection of P.a. infection in the CF lung. Mutations in the anti-sigma factor mucA, result in activation of the sigma factor AlgU which promotes expression of alginate through the alginate biosynthetic operon. However, P.a. can produce alginate independent of mucA mutation via a mechanism known as regulated proteolysis. Proteases AlgW and MucP can degrade MucA to liberate and activate AlgU. In this dissertation, two …

Financial Crisis Containment, Anna Gelpern

Connecticut Law Review

This Article maps financial crisis containment—extraordinary measures to stop the spread of financial distress—as a category of legal and policy choice. I make three claims. First, containment is distinct from financial regulation, crisis prevention and resolution. Containment is brief; it targets the immediate term. It involves claims of emergency, rule-breaking, time inconsistency and moral hazard. In contrast, regulation, prevention and resolution seek to establish sound incentives for the long term. Second, containment decisions deviate from non-crisis norms in predictable ways, and are consistent across diverse countries and crises. Containment invariably entails three kinds of choices: choices between wholesale and case-by-case …

Of Sexual Bondage: The 'Legitimate Penological Interest' In Restricting Sexual Expression In Women's Prisons, Joanna E. Saul

Michigan Journal of Gender & Law

Despite its prevalence, sexual expression among inmates is currently prohibited in United States prisons. Recent scholarship, however, has advocated allowing certain types of sexual expression in women's prisons. The advocates of such a position differentiate between different types of sex within the correctional system: sexual expression that the system has no interest in prohibiting and should not bar, and sex acts that the system does have an interest in prohibiting and should continue to regulate. This position is based on the dual assumptions that, first, women in prison as a collective unit would benefit from some types of sexual expression, …

Weighing Medical Judgments: Explaining Evidentiary Preferences For Treating Physician Opinions In Erisa Cases After Black & Decker Disability Plan V. Nord, Roy F. Harmon Iii, A.G. Harmon

Scholarly Articles

No abstract provided.

Human Security And The Rights Of Refugees: Transcending Territorial And Disciplinary Borders, Alice Edwards

Michigan Journal of International Law

This Essay examines the concept of human security through the lens of refugee protection. In particular, the author asks whether the concept of human security could add anything to the international protection regime for refugees and asylum seekers under international law. Before international lawyers can reject the notion of human security on the basis of its non-legal, and therefore nonbinding, character, it is necessary to examine the gaps in the existing legal framework, into which policy discourse, including security discourse, may step in as an important player.

Rules Limiting Athletic Performance Or Prohibiting Athletic Participation For Health Reasons: Legal And Ethical Considerations, Matthew J. Mitten

Faculty Publications

This article analyzes the paradox between: 1) intercollegiate sport's objectives of maximizing athletic performance and providing athletic participation opportunities to those possessing the requisite physical ability and skills to compete successfully; and 2) National Collegiate Athletic Association rules that limit athletic performance by all student-athletes, or university requirements that prohibit individual student-athletes from participating in intercollegiate sports, for health reasons. Some student-athletes seek to maximize athletic performance by taking performance-enhancing substances, even if doing so creates potential future adverse health effects. Others may want to participate in intercollegiate sports with a physical abnormality and are willing to assume an increased …

Allocating Vaccines And Antiviral Medications During An Influenza Pandemic, Carl H. Coleman

Seton Hall Law Review

No abstract provided.