Digital Commons Network^™

Managing Strategic Competition With China, Phillip C. Saunders

Strategic Forums

Officials in the Obama administration have highlighted the need for a “positive, cooperative, and comprehensive relationship” with China that can help the United States address an array of global challenges. Administration officials have not adopted the “responsible stakeholder” language that characterized recent U.S. China policy, but their overall approach appears compatible with that concept. Initial policy statements have focused on expanding U.S.-China cooperation, with particular emphasis on addressing the global economic crisis and climate change.

Swine Influenza H1n1. Is Your Laboratory Prepared?, Sameera Aljohani

Saudi Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Age Related Reference Ranges Of Heart Rate For Saudi Children And Adolescents, Mansour M. Al-Qurashi, Mohammad I. El-Mouzan, Abdullah S. Al-Herbish, Abdullah A. Al-Salloum, Ahmad A. Al-Omar

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the resting heart rate to define reference values for healthy Saudi children and adolescents. METHODS: To establish representative heart rate (HR) reference values for Saudi Arabian children and adolescents, a sample of children, and adolescents was selected by multi-stage probability sampling of the Saudi population from birth to 20 years of age. The selected sample represents Saudi children from the whole country. Data were collected by a house-to-house survey of all selected households in all the 13 regions in the country. A total of 10,458 Saudi children were included in the study. The HR was measured by …

Reasons Why Women Do Not Initiate Breastfeeding: A Southeastern State Study, Chinelo A. Ogbuanu, Janice C. Probst, Sarah B. Laditka, Jihong Liu, Jongdeuk Baek, Saundra Glover

Faculty Publications

Purpose - Despite the increase in breastfeeding initiation and duration in the United States, only five states have met the three Healthy People 2010 breastfeeding objectives. Our objectives are to study women's self-reported reasons for not initiating breastfeeding and to determine whether these reasons vary by race/ethnicity, and other maternal and hospital support characteristics.

Methods - Data are from the 2000-2003 Arkansas Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, restricting the sample to women who did not initiate breastfeeding (unweighted n = 2,917). Reasons for not initiating breastfeeding are characterized as individual reasons, household responsibilities, and circumstances. Analyses include the χ^{2 …}

Consanguinity Among The Risk Factors For Underweight In Children Under Five: A Study From Rural Sindh, S. F. Hasnain, S. K. Hashmi

Community Health Sciences

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is a common problem, especially in developing countries. Of the 11 million children under 5 who die each year in the developing countries mainly from preventable causes, the death of about 54% are either directly or indirectly attributable to malnutrition. The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence and associated factors for underweight in rural Sindh.METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Jhangara Town, located in District Dadu, Sindh. Eight hundred children under 5 years of age were enrolled. A questionnaire was used to elicit required information and anthropometric measurements were made.RESULTS: The overall prevalence for …

Book Review Of “Populations, Public Health, And The Law,” Wendy E. Parmet (Georgetown University Press, Washington, D.C., 2009), Elizabeth Weeks Leonard

Scholarly Works

Wendy Parmet's new book, Populations, Public Health, and the Law, is a provocative, milestone contribution to the growing body of public health law scholarship. This article reviews this scholarly work.

Lipid Targets Of The Antimalarial Trioxanes In Plasmodium Falciparum, Carmony Leah Hartwig

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Malaria is among the most debilitating diseases of man. The protozoan parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, causes over a million annual fatalities. The antimalarial trioxanes, exemplified by artemisinin, are among the few pharmaceuticals for which clinical resistance has not become widespread. Artemisinin is a naturally occurring sesquiterpene lactone, containing a unique endoperoxide pharmacophore. Despite extensive study, the precise antimalarial mechanism of action of trioxanes remains elusive. Heme iron-mediated cleavage of the endoperoxide within the parasite digestive vacuole is hypothesized to generate cytotoxic metabolites capable of alkylating heme and damaging cellular macromolecules. The hypothesis of this research is that the endoperoxide pharmacophore …

Inhibition Of Yeast Hexokinase By The Antimalarial Drug Artemisinin: Probing Mechanism Of Action With A Model Enzyme, Jennifer S. Spence

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

A leading infectious cause of death, malaria threatens approximately half of the world's population, and drug-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum have created immense difficulty in chemotherapy of the disease. The artemisinin (ART) class of antimalarials may represent a powerful solution. In addition to their safety, effectiveness, and moderate cost, they are the only drugs in use for which there has been no widespread evidence of clinical resistance. The exact parasiticidal mechanism of ART is highly contested, but evidence suggests that protein alkylation may play a role in cytotoxicity. in vitro essays were performed using yeast hexokinase (HK) to demonstrate a …

Pandemic Preparedness: A Return To The Rule Of Law, Wendy K. Mariner, George J. Annas, Wendy E. Parmet

Faculty Scholarship

Current discussions of pandemic influenza and emergency preparedness would do well to heed the lessons of US Airways flight 1549, which landed in the Hudson River in January 2009. This article examines what past emergencies teach us about how to prevent or control epidemics and argues that it is time for a return to the rule of law in pandemic preparedness. The most important resource in emergency preparedness is a healthy, resilient population, which depends importantly on sustainable systems of medical care and public health. Preparedness thus requires more money than law. After September 11, 2001, however, federal emergency preparedness …

Bacterial Keratitis: Perspective On Epidemiology, Clinico-Pathogenesis, Diagnosis And Treatment, Abdullah Al-Mujaini, Nadia Al-Kharusi, Archana Wali, Upender K.

Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal

Bacterial keratitis is an acute or chronic, transient or recurrent infection of the cornea with varying predilection for anatomical and topographical parts of the cornea like marginal or central. It is a potentially sight-threatening corneal infection in humans that is generally found in eyes with predisposing elements, the most common of which is contact lens wear. The epidemiological data reveals the universal occurrence of this disease. With advances in the understanding of its pathogenesis, laboratory investigations like immunohistochemistry, fluorescent microscopy, enzyme immunoassays and molecular biology, and the availability of fourth generation antibiotics, the overall visual outcome in bacterial keratitis has …

A Clinical Study Of Vibriosis During 1999 In Al-Mansour Childrens' Teaching Hospital, Zayir H. Khalid, Mahjoob N Al-Naddawi

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

ABSTRACT: BACK GROUND: Cholera is an acute infectious disease characterized by profuse watery diarrhea and vomiting.It is caused by Vibrio Cholerae O1and O139 sero-group OBJECTIVE: To find out clinical variety of the admitted cases of Vibriosis.. METHODS: Clinical features of the illness were studied , and fresh stool specimens were sent for culture.The stool is taken in seawater containers to the laboratory where further processing of the stool is done on alkaline peptone and TCBS medium. RESULT: All patients presented with diarrhea and the majority had vomiting ( 65%) , ( 37.5%) of the patients presented with sever dehydration and …

Directing Diarrhoeal Disease Research Towards Disease-Burden Reduction, Margaret Kosek, Claudio F. Lanata, Robert E. Black, Damian G. Walker, John D. Snyder, Mohammed Abdus Salam, Dilip Mahalanabis, Olivier Fontaine, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta, Shinjini Bhatnagar, Igor Rudan

Woman and Child Health

Despite gains in controlling mortality relating to diarrhoeal disease, the burden of disease remains unacceptably high. To refocus health research to target disease-burden reduction as the goal of research in child health, the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative developed a systematic strategy to rank health research options. This priority-setting exercise included listing of 46 competitive research options in diarrhoeal disease and their critical and quantitative appraisal by 10 experts based on five criteria for research that reflect the ability of the research to be translated into interventions and achieved disease-burden reduction. These criteria included the answerability of the research …

Perilaku Hidup Bersih Sehat Dengan Pendekatan Partisipatif, Tri Krianto

Kesmas

Murid sekolah dasar adalah sasaran strategis upaya promosi kesehatan, karena mereka berjumlah besar serta berada pada tahap awal perkembangan kepribadian. Mereka seharusnya berperilaku sehat, tetapi di Cisalak memperlihatkan keadaan yang sebaliknya. Studi intervensi yang dilakukan terhadap anak-anak sekolah dasar menunjukkan bahwa observasi sebelum intervensi memperlihatkan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan dan praktik mereka adalah rendah. Namun, pada akhir studi, skor pengetahuan dan praktek mereka terlihat lebih tinggi daripada sebelumnya. Uji non parametric seperti Wilcoxon sampel berpasangan dan korelasi Spearman digunakan dalam analisis. Studi ini menyimpulkan : a) intervensi promosi kesehatan yang dilakukan pada anak sekolah dasar terbukti dapat meningkatkan perilaku murid pada …

Download The Full Pdf Of The Issue- Health Policy Newsletter, Vol. 22, Issue 1, March 2009

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Climate Change, The Traditional Chinese Calendar And Modernity, Rey Tiquia

Conference on China and Global Climate Change : Reconciling International Fairness and Protection of the Atmospheric Commons

This era of unpredictable and at times colossal global climactic weather changes place tremendous pressure upon the human internal environment to adapt to these dire changes in the external environment. It places tremendous pressure upon our inner Guardian Qi wei qi as well as the air or atmosphere da qi (which the Chinese Martial artist Lu Ji Tang refers to metaphorically as similar to our inner Guardian Qi).

In premodern China, climate change is always contingent upon time and the seasons i.e. the twelve two-hour periods, lunar month, seventy two pentads, twenty four solar periods, the four seasons, the year …

Wto Law As Leverage : An Inquiry Into The Dynamics Of Climate Negotiations Between China And The United States, Dan Partan

Conference on China and Global Climate Change : Reconciling International Fairness and Protection of the Atmospheric Commons

Current U.S. “cap & trade” federal legislative proposals seek to maintain competitiveness of U.S. industry by requiring certain importers to obtain greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions permits equivalent to the permits required from U.S. producers. Currently neither U.S. nor Chinese producers are subject to such a rule. If China does not adopt what the U.S. views as a “comparable” GHG emissions permit system, it is widely expected that the U.S. Congress will require GHG emissions permit for imports. It is also widely expected that China will challenge U.S. a GHG emissions permit requirement applied to Chinese exports as in violation of …

Climate Duties, Human Rights And Historic Emissions, Derek Bell

Conference on China and Global Climate Change : Reconciling International Fairness and Protection of the Atmospheric Commons

The problem of global climate change cannot be resolved without the cooperation of both China and the USA. However, neither government appears close to signing up to mandatory emissions reductions. Both nations defend their climate policies by appealing to ideas of fairness, equity and justice. This paper outlines the arguments offered by Chinese opponents of mandatory emissions reductions, highlighting three central claims about historical responsibility, ability to pay and the right to development. The first part of the paper examines these claims, the arguments supporting them, the relationships among them and their implications for a just global climate regime. Two …

Global Sustainability, Climate Change And China : The Need For A New Paradigm For International Cooperation, Mukul Sanwal

Conference on China and Global Climate Change : Reconciling International Fairness and Protection of the Atmospheric Commons

The basic assumptions of global environmental sustainability around international cooperation that were laid out fifty years ago no longer hold. This common understanding was based on the fact of the historical responsibility of developed countries for causing the pollution – developed countries would do whatever has to be done and support developing countries through provision of financial resources and technology. Therefore, to ensure global sustainability, we have to seriously consider whether adopting a defensive posture in the ongoing climate negotiations is the best policy or, with the balance of economic power shifting out of the United States and Europe to …

The Murray Ledger And Times, June 17, 2009, The Murray Ledger And Times

The Murray Ledger & Times

No abstract provided.

Chancellor's Report 2009-06, John Pugh

Chancellor's Report

No abstract provided.

A Unique Group I Intron In Coxiella Burnetii Is A Natural Splice Mutant, Rahul Raghavan, Linda D. Hicks, Michael F. Minnick

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Cbu.L1917, a group I intron present in the 23S rRNA gene of Coxiella burnetii, possesses a unique 3'-terminal adenine in place of a conserved guanine. Here, we show that, unlike all other group I introns, Cbu.L1917 utilizes a different cofactor for each splicing step and has a decreased self-splicing rate in vitro.

Epidemiology And Outcomes Of Candidemia In 2019 Patients: Data From The Prospective Antifungal Therapy Alliance Registry., David L Horn, Dionissios Neofytos, Elias J Anaissie, Jay A Fishman, William J Steinbach, Ali J Olyaei, Kieren A Marr, Michael A Pfaller, Chi-Hsing Chang, Karen M Webster

Jefferson Hospital Staff Papers and Presentations

BACKGROUND: Candidemia remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the health care setting, and the epidemiology of Candida infection is changing.

METHODS: Clinical data from patients with candidemia were extracted from the Prospective Antifungal Therapy (PATH) Alliance database, a comprehensive registry that collects information regarding invasive fungal infections. A total of 2019 patients, enrolled from 1 July 2004 through 5 March 2008, were identified. Data regarding the candidemia episode were analyzed, including the specific fungal species and patient survival at 12 weeks after diagnosis.

RESULTS: The incidence of candidemia caused by non-Candida albicans Candida species (54.4%) was higher …

Bjc Today

BJC Today

No abstract provided.

Kinetics And Phenotype Of Vaccine-Induced Cd8+ T-Cell Responses To Toxoplasma Gondii, Kimberly A. Jordan, Emma H. Wilson, Elia D. Tait, Barbara A. Fox, David S. Roos, David J. Bzik

Dartmouth Scholarship

Multiple studies have established that the ability of CD8⁺ T cells to act as cytolytic effectors and produce gamma interferon is important in mediating resistance to the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii. To better understand the generation of the antigen-specific CD8⁺ T-cell responses induced by T. gondii, mice were immunized with replication-deficient parasites that express the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA). Class I tetramers specific for SIINFEKL were used to track the OVA-specific endogenous CD8⁺ T cells. The peak CD8⁺ T-cell response was found at day 10 postimmunization, after which the frequency and numbers of antigen-specific cells …

Characterization Of Multidrug Resistant Esbl-Producing Escherichia Coli Isolates From Hospitals In Malaysia, K.T. Lim, R. Yasin, C.C. Yeo, S.D. Puthucheary, Kwai Lin Thong

Research Publications (2006 to 2010)

The emergence of Escherichia coli that produce extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and are multidrug resistant (MDR)poses antibiotic management problems. Forty-seven E. coli isolates from various public hospitals in Malaysia were studied. All isolates were sensitive to imipenem whereas 36 were MDR (resistant to 2 or more classes of antibiotics). PCR detection using gene-specific primers showed that 87.5% of the ESBL-producing E. coli harbored the blaTEM gene. Other ESBL-encoding genes detected were blaOXA, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M. Integron-encoded integrases were detected in 55.3% of isolates, with class 1 integron encoded intI1 integrase being the majority. Amplification and sequence analysis of the 5�CS …

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis Associated With Hla, Il12a, And Il12rb2 Variants, Gideon M. Hirschfield, Xiangdong Liu, Chun Xu, Yue Lu, Gang Xie, Yan Lu, Xiangjun Gu, Erin J. Walker

Health & Biomedical Sciences Faculty Publications

Background: Primary biliary cirrhosis is a chronic granulomatous cholangitis, characteristically associated with antimitochondrial antibodies. Twin and family aggregation data suggest that there is a significant genetic predisposition to primary biliary cirrhosis, but the susceptibility loci are unknown.

Methods: To identify genetic loci conferring a risk for primary biliary cirrhosis, we carried out a genomewide association analysis in which DNA samples from 2072 Canadian and U.S. subjects (536 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and 1536 controls) were genotyped for more than 300,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Sixteen of the SNPs most strongly associated with primary biliary cirrhosis were genotyped in two independent …

Training Future Physicians As Public Health Leaders: Jefferson's Md/Mph Graduate Education Program, Rob Simmons Drph, Mph, Ches

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Volume 46, Number 42: June 10, 2009, University Of North Dakota

University Letter Archive

No abstract provided.

Health Literacy And Treatment Adherence In Hispanic Hiv-Infected Patients, Maria L. Alcaide, José G. Castro

Florida Public Health Review

This study examined health literacy in Hispanic HIV infected patients attending two large public clinics in Miami, Florida and assessed its association with adherence to antiretroviral medications. We performed a cross-sectional study. Eligible participants were enrolled from the Jackson Memorial Hospital HIV outpatient clinic and the University of Miami AIDS clinical research facility. Data were derived from socio-demographic information, the adult AIDS clinical trial group (AACTG) adherence questionnaire, the short test of functional literacy in adults (STOHFLA), and information about HIV clinical stages. Questionnaires were completed by study participants or by the study coordinator in their preferred language and the …

The Charming Soul Of A Street In Rio De Janeiro, Paulo Afonso Rheingantz, Denise De Alcantara

Focus

No abstract provided.