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A Density Functional Study Of The Relative Stability Of Intermediates In A Mcmurry Coupling Reaction, Andrew Jozef Livingston

Senior Honors Theses and Projects

Reductive cyclization via McMurry coupling is a common way to form pyrrolizidine rings. In this work we investigate the titanium-catalyzed McMurry coupling reaction leading to a pyrrolizidine alkaloid using density functional methods. Specifically, we compare the relative energies of all possible pinacolate intermediates at the UB3LYP/6-31G level of theory. The most stable intermediate is found to be the one resulting from C-O bond insertion in the ester group. The McMurry product is not predicted to form.

Micro-Offsets And Macro-Transformation: An Inconvenient View Of Climate Change Justice, Michael P. Vandenbergh, Brooke A. Ackerly, Fred E. Forster

Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications

We have been asked to examine climate change justice by discussing the methods of allocating the costs of addressing climate change among nations. Our analysis suggests that climate and justice goals cannot be achieved by better allocating the emissions reduction burdens of current carbon mitigation proposals — there may be no allocation of burdens using current approaches that achieves both climate and justice goals. Instead, achieving just the climate goal without exacerbating justice concerns, much less improving global justice, will require focusing on increasing well-being and inducing fundamental changes in development patterns to generate greater levels of well-being with reduced …

Proving Grounds Of Urbicide: Civil And Urban Perspectives On The Bombing Of Capital Cities, Kenneth Hewitt

Geography and Environmental Studies Faculty Publications

In the bombing of urban settlements, the main impacts have been on resident civilians, living space and non-military functions. This is shown in the bombing of London, Berlin and Tokyo in the Second World War, arguably the first and only serious tests of strategic air power and urbicide to determine war outcomes. The history and scope of raiding of these capital cities differed in many ways, but the civilian experience and urban implications were very similar. The bombings attacked the most vulnerable areas, where resident populations found themselves poorly protected at best. The intentions, as well as results, of the …

Epidemiological Evaluation Of Post Stroke Depression In Babol, Northern Iran, Alijan A. Ahangar, Seidreza Hosseini

Neurosciences

No abstract provided.

Prevalence Of Neuropathy In The Diabetic Foot, Jamil M. Elrefai

Neurosciences

OBJECTIVE: To illustrate the prevalence of different types of neuropathy in diabetic patients with diabetic foot. METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 229 diabetic foot patients treated at Princess Haya Hospital Hyperbaric Department, Aqaba, Jordan from January 1997 to January 2008, who were found to have different types of neuropathy. Neuropathy diagnosis was reached through investigating the patient’s history by presence of pain, and clinical neurological examination, absence of ankle reflexes, and abnormal quantitative sensory testing. RESULTS: We found that 203 out of 229 (89%) patients had at least one type of neuropathy. One hundred and seventy-one out of …

Surveillance Of Depression In Karachi, Pakistan, Rabia Bushra, Huma Ali

Neurosciences

No abstract provided.

Comparison Between Solitary And Multiple Intracranial Tuberculoma, Mutasem M. Abuhamed, Xiao Bo, Lu Xiaoqin, Zhang Fufeng, Lili Long, Bi Fangfang, Li Jing

Neurosciences

OBJECTIVE: To compare and analyze the clinical, radiological, and pathological features of solitary or/and multiple CNS tuberculomas (CNSTs). METHODS: The study was conducted at Central South University, First Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China between 1998-2008. Forty-two subjects with diagnosed CNSTs were compared and analyzed by multiple or solitary lesions seen on enhanced MRI. The final diagnosis of tuberculomas was confirmed by histopathology. RESULTS: From the 42 subjects, 64.3% multiple CNSTs were observed, out of which, 55.6% were with meningitis and 44.4% without meningitis. Of the CNSTs, solitary lesions were present in 35.7%, 80% of which were without meningeal involvement, and …

Protective Effect Of Yulangsan Polysaccharide On Focal Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury In Rats And Its Underlying Mechanism, Jian Chen, Ren-Bin Huang

Neurosciences

OBJECTIVE: To study the focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury induced by a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and the effects of Yulangsan (YLS) polysaccharide on this injury. METHODS: This study took place in the Pharmacology Research Laboratory at Guangxi Medical University, China, between March and May 2007. Two hundred and forty rats were randomly divided into I/R group, sham-operated group, high-, medium-, and low-dose of YLS polysaccharide groups, and nimodipine (Nim) group. The animals were intragastrically administered with drugs for 7 days. An operation was performed to induce an MCAO model in the rats. Reperfusion was started after 2 hours …

Spontaneous Bilateral Subacute Subdural Hematoma Revealing Intracranial Hypotension, Zouhayr Souirti, Mohammed Benzagmout, Faouzi Belahsen, Mohamed E. Chaoui

Neurosciences

No abstract provided.

The Role Of Different Neurophysiological Tests In The Differential Diagnosis Of Diabetic Axonal Neuropathy And Lumbosacral Radiculopathy, Ali A. Sheki, Farqad B. Hamdan

Neurosciences

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of different neurophysiological tests in the differential diagnosis of diabetic axonal neuropathy (DAN) and lumbosacral radiculopathy (LSR). METHODS: This study was conducted at Al-Kadhimiya Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, from July 2006 to February 2007. Twenty-seven healthy subjects, 44 type 2 diabetics, and 36 LSR patients were studied. The HbA1c level, plain x-ray, and MRI of the lumbosacral region and different electrophysiological tests were assessed. RESULTS: The sural sensory nerve action potential(SNAP) amplitude values were reduced in 56.3%, and the sural/radial amplitude ratio (SRAR) values were reduced in 71.8% in the diabetic patients, but not in …

Post Stroke Depression Among Iranian Patients, Farhad Iranmanesh, Alireza Vakilian

Neurosciences

OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence of depression and its contributing factors after an episode of stroke. METHODS: This prospective study was performed on 200 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted to Aliebne-Abitaleb Hospital in Rafsanjan, Iran, from September 2006 to September 2007. The diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke was made by a neurologist and confirmed by MRI. Frequency of depression, according to DSM-IV criteria, as well as demographic data and some contributing factors were registered and analyzed by chi squared test and the logistic regression method. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 61.15+/-8.66 years. Thirty-two percent of patients …

Lead Levels In Children With Developmental Delay. A Hospital-Based Study, Amira T. Masri, Eman F. Badran, Mohammad M. Saleem, Abdelkarim A. Al-Qudah

Neurosciences

No abstract provided.

Non-Convulsive Seizures And Non-Convulsive Status Epilepticus Monitoring In The Intensive Care Unit. A Real Need For The Gulf Cooperation Council Countries, Boulenouar Mesraoua, Heinz G. Wieser

Neurosciences

Continuous EEG (cEEG) monitoring in the intensive care unit (ICU) is essential for detecting non-convulsive seizures/status epilepticus (NCSs, NCSE). Currently there exist a number of continuous EEG monitoring systems adapted for use in the ICU. However, these systems have been trained using EEG data collected from healthy, neurologically intact patients with epileptic seizures, a very different patient population from ICU patients. The review consists of 2 parts, clinical and technological aspects. In the first one, we summarize the electroencephalographic aspects of NCSs/NCSE and other EEG patterns encountered in the ICU. In the second part, we explain how to develop a …

Cerebral Venous Thrombosis In Saudi Arabia. Clinical Variables, Response To Treatment, And Outcome, Naim I. Kajtazi, Valerie A. Zimmerman, Jayanthi C. Arulneyam, Sadiq Y. Al-Shami, Fahmi M. Al-Senani

Neurosciences

OBJECTIVE: To investigate cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) clinical presentations, risk factors, and response to treatment in Saudi Arabia. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of the King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, acute stroke database from April 2005 through February 2008 revealed 22 patients with CVT. Hypercoagulable work-up and neuroimaging were performed. RESULTS: Sixteen patients were female (72.7%), and the median age was 35 years. Clinical presentations included: headache (77.3%), seizures (54.5%), focal neurological signs (54.5%), and decreased level of consciousness (50%). Over two-thirds (n=11; 69%) of female patients had a history of oral contraceptive use, which was the most common risk factor. Protein …

The Metal Chelators, Trientine And Citrate, Inhibit The Development Of Cardiac Pathology In The Zucker Diabetic Rat, John W. Baynes, David B. Murray

Faculty Publications

Purpose. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of dietary supplementation with the metal chelators, trientine or citric acid, in preventing the development of cardiomyopathy in the Zucker diabetic rat.

Hypothesis. We hypothesized that dietary chelators would attenuate metal-catalyzed oxidative stress and damage in tissues and protect against pathological changes in ventricular structure and function in type II diabetes.

Methods. Animals (10 weeks old) included lean control (LC, fa/+), untreated Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF, fa/fa), and ZDF rats treated with either trientine (triethylenetetramine) or citrate at 20 mg/d in drinking water, starting …

P Wave Duration Changes And Dispersion. A Risk Factor Or Autonomic Dysfunction In Stroke?, Abdulkadir Kocer, Irfan Barutcu, Selcuk Atakay, Burcu Ozdemirli, Levent Gul, Osman Karakaya

Neurosciences

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the P wave duration andP wave dispersion in stroke patients, and to compare those with healthy subjects. METHODS: We measured maximum and minimum P wave durations, and dispersion on the 12-lead surface ECG in 67 consecutive patients with first ever-acute ischemic stroke and 58 controls at the neurology wards of the Medical School, Duzce, Turkey, between May 2005 and October 2006. The subjects were not included if there were a history of atrial fibrillation, cardiac problem, and using drugs related to cardiovascular diseases or psychiatric problems. RESULTS: P wave durations and dispersion were similar in stroke patients …

F-Ratio, A Surrogate Marker Of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Ashraf Husain, Syed A. Omar, Syed S. Habib, Abdul-Majeed Al-Drees, Durdana Hammad

Neurosciences

OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation of F-ratio and F-wave minimal latency (FWML) in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted from January 2006 to January 2007 at the clinical physiology lab, King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Motor and sensory nerve conduction studies, FMW latencies of median and ulnar nerves, and F-ratio were carried out in 54 CTS patients and 30 controls. RESULTS: Out of 54 CTS patients, there were 14 were males (26%), and 40 females (74%), CTS was bilateral in 32 (59%), and unilateral in 22 (41%) patients. Fifty-one patients (94.4%) had involvement of …

Comparison Study On The Effect Of Prenatal Administration Of High Dose And Low Dose Folic Acid, Sayyah M. Manizheh, Shojaiee Mandana, Argani Hassan, Gorbani H. Amir, Kazemi S. Mahlisha, Ghojazadeh Morteza

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of high dose and low dose folic acid on the levels of hemocysteine Hcy concentration during the first trimester of pregnancy and at delivery, and to examine the association of Hcy serum levels and preeclampsia. METHODS: In a single blinded randomized clinical trial, which was conducted in Tabriz, Iran, from 2005-2008, 246 nulliparous pregnant women in 2 similar groups, received folic acid daily from early pregnancy until delivery 5 mg/day in group one and 0.5 mg/ day in group 2. The incidence of hypertension and laboratory changes in the levels of serum Hcy, lactate dehydrogenase, …

Should The Nottingham Health Profile Or The Short Form-36 Be Given Preference In Stroke?, Demet Unalan, Ferhan Soyuer, Ahmet Ozturk

Neurosciences

OBJECTIVE: To compare the usefulness of the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) and the Short Form36 (SF-36) as general outcome measures for chronic stroke patients with respect to the response rate, internal consistency reliability, validity analyses, and agreement in similar domains of the 2 instruments. METHODS: In this prospective study, 90 consecutive stroke patients attending the Neurology outpatient clinic at Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey from March 2004 to March 2005 were evaluated for the study. Seventy outpatients who had a stroke 6 months previously were included in the study. As a datacollecting device, SF-36 and NHP scales were used. RESULTS: The …

Depression And Health Related Quality Of Life In Non-Cirrhotic Chronic Hepatitis B Patients And Hepatitis B Carriers, Abdurrahman Altindag, Dursun Cadirci, Fatma Sirmatel

Neurosciences

OBJECTIVE: To measure health related quality of life and level of depression among patients with noncirrhotic chronic hepatitis B patients and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers. METHODS: The study was conducted at Psychiatry, Gastroenterology, and Infectious Disease Outpatients Clinics of the Harran University, Sanliurfa, Southeastern Turkey, between April and June 2005.A case control study design was used to determine the effect of hepatitis B infection on depressive symptoms and quality of life. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) for depressive symptoms, the Short Form-36 for measuring health related quality of life (HRQOL), and semi-structured interviews for assessing psychosocial variables were …

Evaluation Of Health Related Quality Of Life In Patients With Parkinsons Disease, Cemile Savci, Merdiye Sendir

Neurosciences

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the socio-demographic and clinical feature of patients with Parkinson’s disease, their health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and the relationship between these. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty Hospital, and Ministry of Health, Taksim and Haseki Education and Research Hospitals in Istanbul, Turkey. The sample consisted of 80 Parkinson’s disease patients who attended the Parkinson’s and Movement Disorders Outpatient Clinics between March and July2006. Data were collected using the questionnaire form, which included socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, the Hoehn and Yahr clinical staging scale, the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale(UPDRS), and the …

Glioblastoma Multiforme Of The Cerebellum, Mohammad M. Al-Barbarawi, Suhair M. Qudsieh, Mohamed A. Ghazzawi, Sarah F. Smith

Neurosciences

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly malignant glial tumor seen commonly in the cerebral hemispheres, but rarely encountered in the cerebellum. It may occur at any age, but is seen more often in adult age groups. Despite its rarity, GBM should be considered in patients with a ring-enhancing lesion in the cerebellum. No consensus regarding the best management has yet been established. However, multimodal treatment is currently available to deal with these lesions: wide excision with radiochemotherapy may improve and prolong the patients life. Although the outcome remains dismal, we emphasize that timely multi modal treatment may provide the patient …

Brain Death And Organ Donation In India, Where Do We Stand? A Personal Experience, Pralaya K. Nayak, Ashok K. Mahapatra

Neurosciences

No abstract provided.

Pattern Of Childhood Neuronal Migrational Disorders In Oman, Roshan L. Koul, Amna M. Alfuitasi, Dilip K. Sankhla, Hashim Javad, Ranjan R. William

Neurosciences

OBJECTIVE: To record the pattern of different neuronal migrational disorders (NMD) and their associated neurological conditions. METHODS: The data were collected at the Child Neurology Services of Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Oman, from January 1993 to September 2006 from all children with psychomotor delay and epilepsy, who underwent brain imaging (mostly MRI). The MR imaging was used for the diagnosis of a neuronal migration anomaly. RESULTS: There were 86 cases of NMD. Corpus callosum agenesis and lissencephaly/pachygyria formed the major group. There were 48 cases of corpus callosum agenesis, and 16 cases of lissencephaly/pachygyria. Other disorders were 10 cases of …

Male Genital Self-Mutilation With Special Emphasis On The Sociocultural Meanings, Naseem A. Qureshi

Neurosciences

Complete genital self-mutilation (GSM), mostly a non-suicidal behavior, is a rare occurrence among patients with psychotic and non-psychotic disorders. This case report is on a patient who, in the shadow of severe psychotic manifestations with overwhelming socio-cultural contents, completely self-mutilated his external genitals. Emergency surgical and psychiatric management improved his condition over 4 weeks. In the light of this case, the psychodynamic and socio-cultural meanings of GSM are discussed.

Anxiety And Depression Levels Of Outpatients And Inpatients In A Private Hospital, Nazan Karaoglu, Mehmet A. Karaoglu

Neurosciences

No abstract provided.

Depression And Neurological Disorders, Medhat M. Bassiony

Neurosciences

Depression is the most common psychiatric disorder in neurological disorders such as epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, stroke, and Parkinsons disease. It is associated with reduction of quality of life, functional impairment, and higher mortality. The diagnosis of depression in neurological disorders is difficult because of the overlapping symptoms. Neurological disorders are usually associated with sleep and appetite disturbances, fatigue, apathy, and lack of concentration, which is similar to those of depression. The etiology of depression with neurological disorders is unknown, but the interaction between biological, psychosocial, and neuropathological factors could be responsible for it. Few controlled trials have been carried out …

Reduction Of Stroke Mortality In The Tuzla Region, Bosnia And Herzegovina, Denisa O. Salihovic, Dzevdet M. Smajlovic, Osman I. Sinanovic

Neurosciences

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the frequency, gender and age distribution, risk factors, and hospital mortality of different types of hospitalized patients with stroke. METHODS: In this retrospective study, we analyzed the hospital records of 3864 patients with first-ever stroke admitted to the Department of Neurology, University Clinical Center Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina, from January 2001 to December 2005. RESULTS: Out of the total number of patients, 2833 (73.3%) had ischemic stroke (IS) 612 (15.8%) intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), 163 (4.2%) subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and 256 (6.6%) had unknown stroke. The mean age was 68+/-10 years in females, and 65+/-11 years in males …

Teratogenic Effects Of Gabapentin On The Skeletal System Of Balb/C Mice Fetuses, Mohammad Afshar, Mohammad M. Hassanzadeh-Taheri, Seyed-Adel Moallem, Azadeh Tamizi, Mohammad J. Golalipour

Neurosciences

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of gabapentin (GBP) administration on mice fetuses. METHODS: This study was carried out in Birjand University of Medical Sciences during 2008. Thirty Balb/c pregnant mice were divided randomly into 3 groups: 2 experimental groups that received 25 mg/kg (I) and 50 mg/kg (II) of GBP intraperitoneally for the first 15 days of pregnancy, and a control group that received normal saline. External observations of day 18 fetuses and skeleton double staining were performed. RESULTS: Both experimental groups showed similar disorders that can be categorized as the following: 1) decrease of fetal body weight and increase …

Electrodiagnosis Of Ulnar Nerve Entrapment At The Elbow, Gulbun Yuksel, Geysu Karlikaya, Kemal Tutkavul, Ayse Akpinar, Cihat Orken, Hulya Tireli

Neurosciences

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the different localizing electrodiagnostic techniques of ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow (UNE), particularly, comparison of the sensitivities of long segment stimulation across the elbow, versus short segment stimulation. METHODS: Patients who were referred to the Neurophysiology Laboratory of Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey between 2000-2004 with a preliminary diagnosis of UNE were retrospectively evaluated. We compared the sensitivity of studying long segments (8-12 cm) versus short segments (3 cm) for the diagnosis of UNE in 93 limbs. RESULTS: The study group consisted of 55 females and 31 males. Slowing of the conduction velocity …