Digital Commons Network^™

Preparedness Of Kenyan Health Workers To Deliver Hiv/Aids Services, National Aids And Std Control Programme, Ministry Of Health Kenya, Centers For Disease Control And Prevention, Horizons Program

HIV and AIDS

Most Kenyan adults do not know their HIV status. Patients who present to a health facility can learn their status as part of a diagnostic assessment, enabling health-care personnel to provide a more accurate clinical evaluation and accelerate access to comprehensive care. This is particularly relevant in Kenya because up to 60 percent of all medical ward hospital beds are occupied by HIV-infected patients. Therefore provider-initiated HIV testing and counseling, which includes diagnostic testing and counseling (DTC), provides an opportunity to interrupt the cycle of HIV transmission to patients’ partners and children. In 2004, the Kenya Ministry of Health launched …

Promoting Adherence Through A Directly Administered Antiretroviral Therapy Strategy In Mombasa, Kenya, Avina Sarna, Stanley Luchters, Scott Geibel, Matthew F. Chersich, Paul Munyao, Rick Homan, Susan Kaai, Kishorchandra N. Mandaliya, Marleen Temmerman, Naomi Rutenberg

HIV and AIDS

A principal concern of antiretroviral therapy (ART) programs is the ability of clients to maintain a high level of adherence to medication. Based on formative research conducted with HIV-infected clients and health workers in Mombasa, Kenya, and lessons learned from directly observed therapy strategies to encourage adherence to treatment for tuberculosis, a directly administered antiretroviral therapy (DAART) strategy to promote adherence to ART was developed. This study examines whether the intervention was more effective in fostering adherence to ART than standard follow-up among people living with HIV in Mombasa. Researchers from the Horizons Program and the International Centre for Reproductive …

International Standards For Managing Emerging And Re-Emerging Zoonoses Of Public Health Significance: A Call For Horizontal Collaboration Between Intergovernmental Organizations, Tyson Wanjura

The International Lawyer

No abstract provided.

Victims Of Climate Change And Their Standing To Sue: Why The Northern District Of California Got It Right, Joseph M. Stancati

Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.

The Public Funding Of Health Care: A Brief Historical Overview Of Principles, Practices, And Motives, Paul Carrick

Philosophy Faculty Publications

Nationally sponsored programs designed to fund health care for the general public are largely a twentieth century phenomenon. Yet a long glance backward at the medical and public health history of Western civilization, extending from the ancient Greeks to the twentieth century, reveals earlier periods when governments, religious institutions, and other groups provided some measure of medical relief for the sick, the poor, and the homeless. In this essay, I will provide not an exhaustive but rather an illustrative account of this oft forgotten fact. My objectives are threefold.

First, to remind us that the active concern of society for …

Ensuring A Responsibility To Protect: Lessons From Darfur, Anonymous

Human Rights Brief

No abstract provided.

Soils: A Contemporary Perspective, Cheryl Palm, Pedro Sanchez, Sonya Ahamed, Alex Awiti

East Africa Institute

Soils are viewed in the context of ecosystem services, soil processes and properties, and key attributes and constraints. The framework used is based on the premise that the natural capital of soils that underlies ecosystem services is primarily determined by three core soil properties: texture, mineralogy, and soil organic matter. Up-to-date descriptions and geographical distribution of soil orders as well as soil attributes and constraints are given, along with the relationships between soil orders, properties, and biomes. We then relate ecosystem services to specific soil processes, soil properties, and soil constraints and attributes. Soil degradation at present is not adequately …

Use Of Nmr Metabolomics To Analyze The Targets Of D-Cycloserine In Mycobacteria: Role Of D-Alanine Racemase, Steven M. Halouska, Ofelia Chacon, Robert J. Fenton, Denise K. Zinniel, Raul G. Barletta, Robert Powers

Robert Powers Publications

D-cycloserine (DCS) is only used with multi-drug resistant strains of tuberculosis because of serious side-effects. DCS is known to inhibit cell wall biosynthesis, but the in vivo lethal target is still unknown. We have applied NMR-based metabolomics combined with principal component analysis to monitor the in vivo affect of DCS on M. smegmatis. Our analysis suggests DCS functions by inhibiting multiple protein targets.

Cross-Presentation Of Glycolipid From Tumor Cells Loaded With Α-Galactosylceramide Leads To Potent And Long-Lived T Cell-Mediated Immunity Via Dendritic Cells, Kanako Shimizu, Yuri Kurosawa, Masaru Taniguchi

Publications

We report a mechanism to induce combined and long-lived CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cell immunity to several mouse tumors. Surprisingly, the initial source of antigen is a single low dose of tumor cells loaded with α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) glycolipid (tumor/Gal) but lacking co-stimulatory molecules. After tumor/Gal injection intravenously (i.v.), innate NKT and NK cells reject the tumor cells, some of which are taken up by dendritic cells (DCs). The DCs in turn cross-present glycolipid on CD1d molecules to NKT cells and undergo maturation. For B16 melanoma cells loaded with α-GalCer (B16/Gal), interferon γ-producing CD8⁺ T cells develop toward …

Chronic Stress Effects On Prefrontal Cortical Structure And Function, Conor Liston

Student Theses and Dissertations

Stressful life events have been implicated clinically in the pathogenesis of major depression, but the neural substrates that may account for this observation remain poorly understood. Attentional impairments symptomatic of depression are associated with structural and functional abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex. In three parallel rodent and human neuroimaging studies, this project assessed the effects of chronic stress on prefrontal cortical structure and function and the behavioral correlates of these changes. The first study used fMRI to elucidate the precise computational contributions of frontoparietal circuitry to attentional control in human subjects, using a task that could be adapted for rats. …

Genetic And Biochemical Analyses Of The Flaviviridae Capsid Proteins, Catherine Lucy Murray

Student Theses and Dissertations

The small, enveloped viruses of the family Flaviviridae are etiological agents of numerous important human and agricultural diseases including hepatitis C, yellow fever, and bovine viral diarrhea. Efficient dissemination of these viruses is dependent on the production of infectious particles, thought to arise by budding of the capsid protein and associated genomic RNA through a host cell-derived lipid membrane outfitted with envelope glycoproteins. The process of virion morphogenesis is not well understood, but the presumed involvement of numerous viral and cellular components makes it an attractive target for novel therapeutic drug design. To investigate the early events of Flaviviridae particle …

Medicine@Yale September/October 2007 Volume 3, Issue 5, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications

Medicine@Yale - development newsletter

Medicine@Yale : advancing biomedical science, education and health care was a print and online newsletter which published news about academics, research and philanthropy for alumni, donors, faculty, students and the general public. It was initially published 6 times a year and then changed to a quarterly schedule. The first issue came out June/Jul. 2005. The final issue was published in May/June 2022, vol. 17, issue 1. Published by Yale School of Medicine, Office of Communications.

A Theory And Definition Of Public Health Law, Lawrence O. Gostin

Journal of Health Care Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

Public Health And Constitutional Law: Recognizing The Relationship, Wendy E. Parmet

Journal of Health Care Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

Beyond Compensation: Using Torts To Promote Public Health, Elizabeth A. Weeks

Journal of Health Care Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

"Public-Private" Health Law: Multiple Directions In Public Health, Nan D. Hunter

Journal of Health Care Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

Medicine And Public Health: Crossing Legal Boundaries, Wendy K. Mariner

Journal of Health Care Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

Job Security And Income Replacement For Individuals In Quarantine: The Need For Legislation, Mark A. Rothstein, Meghan K. Talbott

Journal of Health Care Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

The Human Papillomavirus Vaccine: Should It Be Mandatory Or Voluntary?, Carrie A. Roll

Journal of Health Care Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

Resolving The Public Health Crisis In The Developing World: Problems And Barriers Of Access To Essential Medicines, Bryan Mercurio

Northwestern Journal of Human Rights

This article examines the many factors that have created and continue to perpetuate the ongoing health crisis in developing countries. In so doing, the article will reveal that the focus on patent regulation is largely misguided and that the targeting of pharmaceutical companies and TRIPS has lead to an unfortunate divergence from the actual critical issues that affect the delivery of much-needed care and medicines to the developing world. The article then argues that the critical issues lie not in constructing appropriate TRIPS provisions, but more so in providing financial resources to build, maintain and stabilize proper healthcare systems in …

First Do No Harm: Myanmar Trade Sanctions And Human Rights, Michael Ewing-Chow

Northwestern Journal of Human Rights

No abstract provided.

Bio 1094 : Practical Microbiology, Honors, Biological Sciences

Approved Course Proposals

No abstract provided.

Aids, Employment, And The Direct Threat Defense: The Burden Of Proof And The Circuit Court Split, Sarah R. Christie

Fordham Law Review

This Note examines disability-related discrimination in light of the protections afforded by the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and in the context of an HIV- or AIDS-infected employee. Under the ADA, an employer may legally fire a worker who poses a direct threat to the individuals around him or her. It is unclear, however, whether the burden of proving or disproving the claim that an individual is a direct threat lies with the employer or the employee. This Note analyzes the circuit split over which party bears the burden of proof under the direct threat standard in light of prospective …

Expresssions Of Asia 2007

Diversity Programs

Lectures, Cultural Events and Asian Cuisine during Expressions of Asia, January 2007.

Download Full Pdf Issue-Jefferson Translations, Vol. 3, No. 1, Spring/Summer 2007

Jefferson Translations

This issue includes an article on Dr. Squires and her work to study the effects of the HIV virus in women, clinical director forges new paths to health, Dr. Woulfe pioneers thrombosis research, resident updates, faculty news and awards and honors.

Biostability In Drinking Water Distribution Systems In A Changing Water Quality Environment Using Corrosion Inhibitors, Bingjie Zhao

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In this study, the bacterial growth dynamics of 14 pilot drinking water distribution systems were studied in order to observe water quality changes due to corrosion inhibitor addition. Empirical models were developed to quantity the effect of inhibitor type and dose on bacterial growth (biofilm and bulk water). Water and pipe coupon samples were taken and examined during the experiments. The coupons were exposed to drinking water at approximately 20°C for at least 5 weeks to allow the formation of a measurable quasi- steady-state biofilm. Bulk water samples were taken every week. In this study, two simple but practical empirical …

Regulating Human Tissue Banks, Laura A. Buck

St. Thomas Law Review

This paper will give a general overview of the tissue bank industry from its beginnings to the present day. It will address the regulations promulgated by the FDA, laws enacted by states, and the guidance provided by the American Association of Tissue Banks. Finally, it will discuss and suggest further regulations and standards that are needed as the industry grows.

Persuasive Messages Designed To Scare": Fear Appeals, The Health Belief Model And The Extended Parallel Process Model With Type Ii Diabetics ", Jessica Rae Smith

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Type 1 Pili Mediated Bacterial Adherence To The Canine Bladder, Darcie A. Ohlman

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Uab Magazine - Fall 2007, University Of Alabama At Birmingham

UAB Magazine

No abstract provided.