Digital Commons Network^™

Ovarian Tumor Domain-Containing Viral Proteases Evade Ubiquitin- And Isg15-Dependent Innate Immune Responses, Adolfo Garcia-Sastre, Herbert Whiting Virgin, Natalia Frias-Staheli, Nadia Giannakopoulos, Marjolein Kikkert, Shannon Taylor, Anne Bridgen, Jason Pargas, Juergen Richt, Raymond Rowland, Connie Schmaljohn, Deborah Lenschow, Eric Snijder

United States Army: Publications

Ubiquitin (Ub) and interferon-stimulated gene product 15 (ISG15) reversibly conjugate to proteins and mediate important innate antiviral responses. The ovarian tumor (OTU) domain represents a superfamily of predicted proteases found in eukaryotic, bacterial, and viral proteins, some of which have Ub-deconjugating activity. Weshowthat theOTUdomain-containing proteases fromnairoviruses and arteriviruses, two unrelated groups ofRNAviruses, hydrolyzeUb and ISG15 from cellular target proteins. This broad activity contrasts with the target specificity of knownmammalianOTUdomain-containing proteins. Expression of a viralOTUdomain-containing protein antagonizes the antiviral effects of ISG15 and enhances susceptibility to Sindbis virus infection in vivo. We also show that viral OTU domain-containing proteases inhibit NFkB- …

Role Of U.S. Military Research Programs In The Development Of U.S.-Licensed Vaccines For Naturally Occurring Infectious Diseases, Lynn W. Kitchen

United States Army: Publications

U.S. military physicians and researchers have collaborated in the development of eight U.S.-licensed vaccines since 1934, when product efficacy requirements were added to product safety requirements mandated in 1902. These vaccines include influenza (1945), rubella (1969), adenovirus types 4 and 7 (1980), meningococcus A, C, Y,W-135 (1981), hepatitis B (1981), oral typhoid (1989), Japanese encephalitis (1992), and hepatitis A(1995). Current efforts include newadenovirus and Japanese encephalitis vaccines, and vaccines to prevent dengue, diarrhea due to enterotoxigenic E. coli, Campylobacter, and Shigella, malaria, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, scrub typhus, meningococcus type B, and HIV infection. All vaccines …

The Impact Of The Black Death, Zachary Peschke

ESSAI

No abstract provided.

Vertical Transmission Of A Phylogenetically Complex Microbial Consortium In The Viviparous Sponge Ircinia Felix, Susanne Schmitt, Jeremy B. Weisz, Niels Lindquist, Ute Hentschel

Faculty Publications

Many marine demosponges contain large amounts of phylogenetically complex yet highly sponge-specific microbial consortia within the mesohyl matrix, but little is known about how these microorganisms are acquired by their hosts. Settlement experiments were performed with the viviparous Caribbean demosponge Ircinia felix to investigate the role of larvae in the vertical transmission of the sponge-associated microbial community. Inspections by electron microscopy revealed large amounts of morphologically diverse microorganisms in the center of I. felix larvae, while the outer rim appeared to be devoid of microorganisms. In juveniles, microorganisms were found between densely packed sponge cells. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) …

Reemergence Of Endemic Chikungunya, Malaysia, Sazaly Abubakar, I-Ching Sam, Pooi Fong Wong, Poh Sim Hooi, Nuruliza Roslan, Nor Aziyah Mat Rahim

Research Publications (2006 to 2010)

Chikungunya virus infection recently reemerged in Malaysia after 7 years of nondetection. Genomic sequences of recovered isolates were highly similar to those of Malaysian isolates from the 1998 outbreak. The reemergence of the infection is not part of the epidemics in other Indian Ocean countries but raises the possibility that chikungunya virus is endemic in Malaysia.

Recombinant Expression Of A Truncated Toxoplasma Gondii Sag2 Surface Antigen By The Yeast Pichia Pastoris, Y.L. Lau, M.Y. Fong, R.H.R. Shamilah, M. Zulqarnain

Research Publications (2006 to 2010)

SAG2 is one of the major surface antigens of the intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. In this study, we used the Pichia pastoris yeast expression system to produce a truncated form of the SAG2 and determined the serological characteristics of this recombinant antigen. We chose the Pichia system because of its high efficiency in expressing recombinant genes, and its ability to modify and secrete the recombinant proteins. Our strategy was to clone and express the part of the SAG2 gene that encodes the carboxyl half of the antigen. The recombinant antigen (recSAG2-C) secreted by the Pichia cells was harvested, and …

Cryptosporidiosis Among Birds And Bird Handlers At Zoo Negara, Malaysia, Yvonne Ai Lian Lim, M. Rohela, M.M. Shukri

Research Publications (2006 to 2010)

This study was carried out at the Malaysian National Zoo to ascertain, not only the current prevalence rate in the birds, but also to determine the association between cryptosporidiosis in birds and the bird handlers. A total of 116 fecal samples from 71 species of birds were collected from six different locations in Zoo Negara, and eight fecal samples from bird handlers were also sampled. Results showed that the prevalence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in birds and bird handlers were 3.4 and 12.5, respectively. The birds that were positive for cryptosporidiosis were Wreathed Hornbill (Aceros undulatus) and Great Currasow (Crax rubra) …

A Moral Imperative: The Human Rights Implications Of Climate Change, Sara C. Aminzadeh

UC Law SF International Law Review

Even conservative forecasts of climate change predict dramatic effects to environments, economies, and people around the world. Though the causal link between climate change and human rights is not as readily apparent as with other environmental issues, climate change impacts public health, food security, infrastructures, and natural resources. For the Inuit living in the rapidly melting Arctic, and citizens of small island developing states facing sea level rise, climate change has become a matter of human rights. This note explores the effect of climate change on human rights, such as the right to life and the right to health, as …

Cell Bank Characterization And Fermentation Optimization For Production Of Recombinant Heavy Chain C-Terminal Fragment Of Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype E (Rbonte(HC): Antigen E) By Pichia Pastoris, Jayanta Sinha, Mehmet Inan, Sarah Fanders, Shinichi Taoka, Mark Gouthro, Todd Swanson, Rick Barent, Ardis Barthuli, Bonnie M. Loveless, Leonard A. Smith, Theresa Smith, Ian Henderson, John Ross, Michael M. Meagher

Papers in Biochemical Engineering

A process was developed for production of a candidate vaccine antigen, recombinant C-terminal heavy chain fragment of the botulinum neurotoxin serotype E, rBoNTE(H_c)in Pichia pastoris. P. pastoris strain GS115 was transformed with the rBoNTE(H_c) gene inserted into pHILD4 Escherichia coli—P. pastoris shuttle plasmid. The clone was characterized for genetic stability, copy number, and BoNTE(H_c) sequence. Expression of rBoNTE(H_c) from the Mut⁺ HIS4 clone was confirmed in the shake-flask, prior to developing a fed-batch fermentation process at 5 and 19 L scale. The fermentation process consists of a glycerol growth phase in …

The Global Context: International Child Health, Garth Alperstein

Medical Book Chapters

Approximately 5000 children under 5 years died on 11 September 2001 from diarrhoea, about double the number of persons who were killed when two airplanes crashed into the World Trade Towers in New York. For many years prior to that day, and every day since then, approximately 5000 children under 5 years have died from diarrhoea, by and large preventable by eliminating poverty. In 2003 global expenditure on anti-terrorism measures was quoted to be approximately $US551 billion. The UN Millennium Project has estimated that to cover basic needs in health, education, water, sanitation, food production, roads and other key areas, …

Avian Influenza Vaccination: A Commentary Focusing On H5n1 High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza, Karen Burns Grogan, David A. Halvorson, Richard D. Slemons

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Avian influenza (AI) is a viral disease of poultry, caused by influenzavirus A, classified in the family Orthomyxoviridiae. The influenza A viruses maintained in birds are commonly referred to as avian influenza viruses (AIVs). The AIVs are antigenically, genetically, and biologically diverse, are found worldwide in birds, and infect a variety of avian species.

2006 Major Sponsored Program And Faculty Awards For Research & Creative Activity

Office of Research and Economic Development: Publications

Awards of $3 million or more
Awards of $1 million to $2,999,999
Awards of $200,000 to $999,999
Career and K Awards
Arts and Humanities Awards of $50,000 or more
Arts and Humanities Awards of $5,000 to $49,999
Patents Issued
Intellectual Property Licences
Creative Works in Fine and Performing Arts
Books
Recognitions and Honors
Glossary of Federal Agency Abbreviations

This is the fifth annual “Major Sponsored Program and Faculty Awards for Research and Creative Activity” report. This booklet highlights the successes of University of Nebraska–Lincoln faculty during 2006. The funding sources, projects and investigators on major grants and sponsored program awards …

Impact Of The 25th Street Combined Sewer Overflow On The Ohio River, Travis M. Bailey

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The 25th Street Combined Sewer Overflow was analyzed for total coliforms, Escherichia coli, antibiotic-resistant coliforms and E. coli, and routine water chemistry. The objectives of this study were to enumerate antibiotic resistant bacteria near a CSO, determine the impact of a small quantity CSO on Ohio River water quality during a storm event, and to correlate antibiotic resistance with conventional water quality measurements. The data indicate that resistant bacteria exist in both river water and wastewater, and that this CSO can not be identified as a source of resistant strains. Rain events do cause a detectable and transient change in …

Iv Foro De Investigadores Por La Conservación Y Ii Simposio De Areas Naturales Protegidas Del Estado De Hidalgo, Griselda Pulido-Flores, Ana Laura López-Escamilla

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Ecofisiología de Echinocadus platyacanthus (Región Los Venados), en la reserva de la biosfera Barranca de Metztitlán, Hidalgo. • Hernández-Aguilar, A, G. Ramírez-Ramírez y M. Collazo-Ortega.

Banco de semillas de Echinocadus platyacanthus Link y Otto (Cactaceae) y especies asociadas en una región semiárida de la reserva de la biosfera Barranca de Metztitlán, Hidalgo • López-López, J. v., y M. Collazo-Ortega.

Estimación de balance de humedad para la cuenca Amajac que incluye la reserva de la biosfera Barranca de Metztitlán bajo condiciones actuales y escenarios de cambio climático. • Lucio Hernández, M., J. D. Gómez Díaz y A Monterroso Rivas.

Eficiencia de …

Department Of Veterinary And Biomedical Sciences 2007 Annual Report

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Information and History

The first class of twenty· five Nebraska students began their DVM degree program at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. The new program provides for students from Nebraska to complete their first two years of the professional school at UNL. The second two years of training will be completed at the College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University. Under the agreement, the students will pay Iowa State resident tuition rates all four years.

To prepare for the new program, an anatomy teaching laboratory, classroom and microbiology laboratory were develop by renovating space in the Animal Science Complex. New faculty members hired to …

Demographic Risk Factors For Severe And Fatal Vivax And Falciparum Malaria Among Hospital Admissions In Northeastern Indonesian Papua, Mazie J. Barcus, Hasan Basri, Helena Picarima, C. Manyakori, Puslitbang Biomedis & Farmasi, Jl. Percetakan Negara No. 29, Jakarta 10560, Indonesia, Iqbal Elyazar, Michael J. Bangs, Jason D. Maguire, J. Kevin Baird

United States Public Health Resources

Between January 1998 and December 2000, the Jayapura Provincial Public Hospital in northeastern Indonesian New Guinea (Papua) admitted 5,936 patients with a diagnosis of malaria. The microscopic diagnosis at admission was Plasmodium falciparum (3,976, 67%), Plasmodium vivax (1,135, 19%), Plasmodium malariae (8, < 1%), and mixed species infections (817, 14%). Approximately 9% (367) of patients were classified as having severe malaria (277 P. falciparum, 36 P. vivax, 53 mixed infections, and 1 P. malariae) and 88 died (79 P. falciparum/mixed infections and 9 P. vivax). Risk of fatal outcomes among severe malaria patients was indistinguishable between those with falciparum versus vivax malaria (OR=0.89; P=0.771). Compared with non-pregnant women, pregnant women showed no higher risk …

Demographic Factors Associated With Prevalence Of Antibody To Sin Nombre Virus In Deer Mice In The Western United States, Charles Calisher, Kent Wagoner, Brian Amman, J. Jeffrey Root, Richard J. Douglass, Amy Kuenzi, Ken Abbott, Cheryl Parmenter, Terry Yates, Thomas Ksiazek, Barry J. Beaty, James N. Mills

United States Public Health Resources

We used long-term data collected for up to 10 yr (1994–2004) at 23 trapping arrays (i.e., webs and grids) in Arizona, Colorado, Montana, and New Mexico to examine demographic factors known or suspected to be associated with risk of infection with Sin Nombre virus (SNV) in its natural host, the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus). Gender, age (mass), wounds or scars, season, and local relative population densities were statistically associated with the period prevalence of antibody (used as a marker of infection) to SNV in host populations. Nevertheless, antibody prevalence and some of the risk factors associated with antibody …

Identification Of Vibrio Isolates By A Multiplex Pcr Assay And Rpob Sequence Determination, Cheryl L. Tarr, Jayna S. Patel, Nancy Puhr, Evangeline Sowers, Cheryl A. Bopp, Nancy A. Strockbine

United States Public Health Resources

Vibrio, a diverse genus of aquatic bacteria, currently includes 72 species, 12 of which occur in human clinical samples. Of these 12, three species—Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus—account for the majority of Vibrio infections in humans. Rapid and accurate identification of Vibrio species has been problematic because phenotypic characteristics are variable within species and biochemical identification requires 2 or more days to complete. To facilitate the identification of human-pathogenic species, we developed a multiplex PCR that uses species-specific primers to amplify gene regions in four species (V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, V. …

Poxviral B1 Kinase Overcomes Barrier To Autointegration Factor, A Host Defense Against Virus Replication, Matthew S. Wiebe, Paula Traktman

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Barrier to autointegration factor (BAF) is a DNA-binding protein found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that functions to establish nuclear architecture during mito-sis. Herein, we demonstrate a cytoplasmic role for BAF in host defense during poxviral infections. Vaccinia is the prototypic poxvirus, a family of DNA viruses that replicate ex-clusively in the cytoplasm of infected cells. Mutations in the vaccinia B1 kinase (B1) com-promise viral DNA replication, but the mechanism by which B1 achieves this has remained elusive. We now show that BAF acts as a potent inhibitor of poxvirus replication unless its DNA-binding activity is blocked …

Comparative Genetic Analysis Of Genomic Dna Sequences Of Two Human Isolates Of Tanapox Virus, Steven H. Nazarian, John W. Barrett, A. Michael Frace, Melissa Olsen-Rasmussen, Marina Khristova, Mae Shaban, Sarah Neering, Yu Li, Inger K. Damon, Joseph J. Esposito, Karim Essani, Grant Mcfadden

United States Public Health Resources

Members of the genus Yatapoxvirus, which include Tanapox virus (TPV) and Yaba monkey tumor virus, infect primates including humans. Two strains of TPV isolated 50 years apart from patients infected from the equatorial region of Africa have been sequenced. The original isolate from a human case in the Tana River Valley, Kenya, in 1957 (TPV-Kenya) and an isolate from an infected traveler in the Republic of Congo in 2004 (TPV-RoC). Although isolated 50 years apart the genomes were highly conserved. The genomes differed at only 35 of 144,565 nucleotide positions (99.98% identical). We predict that TPV-RoC encodes 155 …

Social Capital And Rates Of Gonorrhea And Syphilis In The United States: Spatial Regression Analyses Of State-Level Associations, Salaam Semaan, Maya Sternberg, Akbar Zaidi, Sevgi O. Aral

United States Public Health Resources

We conducted spatial regression analysis to account for spatial clustering of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and to examine the state-level association between social capital (using Putnam’s public use data set) and rates of gonorrhea and syphilis. We conducted the analysis for the 48 contiguous states of the United States for 1990, 1995, and 2000 and controlled for the effects of regional variation in STD rates, and for state variation in poverty, income inequality, racial composition, and percentage aged 15–34 years. We compared the results of the spatial regression analysis with those of ordinary least squares (OLS) regression. Controlling for all …

Hpv Vaccination: Should It Be Recommended Or Required?, Alexandra M. Stewart

Health Policy and Management Faculty Publications

Legislation introduced by two members of the District of Columbia Council on January 9, 2007 would require all girls to be vaccinated against the human papillomavirus (HPV), the primary cause of cervical cancer, by the time they enter the sixth grade, unless a parent or guardian specifically "opts out" of the mandate. A similar bill was introduced last week in Virginia, and Maryland and West Virginia are poised to consider legislation. To place the proposals in a broader context, this paper reviews some of the scientific, legal, ethical and financial issues surrounding the HPV vaccine and compulsory vaccinations.

Washington University Magazine, Fall 2007

Washington University Magazine

No abstract provided.

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Eradication Project: 2007 Activities Report

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that is close to being eradicated in the United States, but still poses a significant risk to domestic livestock, wildlife, companion animals, and humans throughout the world. The Michigan Bovine TB Eradication Project involves a multi-agency team of experts from the Michigan departments of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Community Health, Michigan State University, and the US Department of Agriculture.

Ippp Research Bulletin, Volume 7, Number 1, 2007, Institute Of Research Management & Monitoring University Of Malaya

Archival Material (2000s)

Previously known as IPPP UM Research Bulletin and now, known as UMR Bulletin

Judging Deception, Saul Levmore

Articles

No abstract provided.

Mark-Recapture Of Chinese Paddle-Tail Salamanders (Pachytriton Brevipes) Using Spot Pattern Recognition, Michelle Lester

Undergraduate Honors Theses

An abundance and demography survey was conducted on Chinese Paddle-tail salamanders, Pachytriton brevipes, found within the Valley of the Wild Monkeys Park in Huangshan, China. Established mark-recapture sampling techniques were used to investigate population size of this species within the park's streams. Digital photographs were taken of all individuals encountered in order to identify recaptures in a non-invasive manner. There were 56 adult individuals encountered with six recaptured in Y A2 stream and 12 individuals with five recaptured in the Y Al stream. Both Jolly-Seber closed population and Lincoln-Peterson open population models were used to estimate population abundance. Estimates …

Ngo Update, Jerald Hess, Jaime M. Gher

Human Rights Brief

No abstract provided.

Epidemiology 101: An Overview Of Epidemiology And Its Relevance To U.S. Law, Richard A. Goodman

Journal of Health Care Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

Wto Winners And Losers: The Trade And Development Disconnect, Meredith Kolsky Lewis

Journal Articles

The World Trade Organization ('WTO' or the 'Organization') is premised upon increasing prosperity by opening markets to greater trade flows. Although the goals of the Organization include enhancing development and reducing poverty, thus far the WTO has had difficulty bridging the gap between its trade expansion focus – exemplified by members’ substantive commitments to provide greater access to their markets – and its desire to promote development – largely framed in aspirational, nonbinding terms. This article explains why current measures to assist developing countries ('DCs') are not a complete solution to the trade and development disconnect. It further proposes using …