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2006

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Mobility And Fate Of Contaminants In Estuarine Environments, Mark G. Cantwell Jan 2006

Mobility And Fate Of Contaminants In Estuarine Environments, Mark G. Cantwell

Open Access Dissertations

Many estuaries are degraded to some extent by anthropogenic activities which have released pollutants into waters entering or residing in these ecosystems. When organic chemicals and heavy metals enter the estuarine environment, contaminants rapidly become incorporated into the sediment, due to physical and chemical processes. Their subsequent behavior and mobility is influenced to a great extent by water column conditions and the geochemistry of the receiving sediments. Ultimately, the fate of contaminants in estuaries are decided by their transport and eventual burial. Objectives of this research were to (1) reconstruct the recent contaminant history of heavy metals and organic contaminants …

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The Relationship Between Tactical Knowledge And Tactical Performance For Varying Levels Of Expertise, Robin Kirkwood Auld Jan 2006

The Relationship Between Tactical Knowledge And Tactical Performance For Varying Levels Of Expertise, Robin Kirkwood Auld

Open Access Dissertations

This study examines the relationship between off-the-ball tactical knowledge and off-the-ball tactical performance of college-age female participants' (n = 34) with varying levels of expertise in territorial games. Tactical knowledge was measured using the Tactical Knowledge Instrument (TKI), which assessed participant responses when solving a "maintaining possession" tactical problem on a game board. The Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI) measured participants' tactical performance while they played a directional keep-away game in the gymnasium. Analysis of variance tests revealed a significant difference between the tactical knowledge scores between Expert and Novice participants F(2,31) = 6.09, p = .0059. As the expertise …

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Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion And Titanate Conversion Coatings On Aluminum Alloy 2024-T3, Hong Cai Jan 2006

Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion And Titanate Conversion Coatings On Aluminum Alloy 2024-T3, Hong Cai

Open Access Dissertations

Due to its poor corrosion resistance, Aluminum alloy 2024-T3 has been targeted to study corrosion mechanisms and protection strategies. The present study has two areas of focus: (1) the effects of aquatic microorganisms on corrosion, and (2) the surface-cleaning step in the conversion coating process. Microorganisms and biofilms on solid surface can be found almost in any natural aqueous environments. So far, microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC), or biocorrosion, has been poorly understood. A comparative study on the corrosion of aluminum alloy 2024-T3 was conducted in either plain seawater or nutrient-rich ZoBell 2216 medium, and with or without the marine bacterium …

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Exploring The Experiences Of Gay, Lesbian, And Bisexual Adolescents In School: Lessons For School Psychologists, Marjorie Cooper-Nicols Jan 2006

Exploring The Experiences Of Gay, Lesbian, And Bisexual Adolescents In School: Lessons For School Psychologists, Marjorie Cooper-Nicols

Open Access Dissertations

This study utilized modified grounded theory methodology with gay, lesbian, and bisexual (GLB) adolescents to explore three research questions: (1) How have schools responded to GLB youth? (2) What are some of the factors that help or hinder development of a healthy sexual identity for GLB adolescents? and (3) How does being involved in a community GLB youth organization impact GLB youth? Prior research has demonstrated that schools are often hostile environments for GLB youth. With little recognition and support, GLB adolescents are a group at risk for depression, suicide, substance abuse, violence, and school failure. Participants in this study …

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Manatee Response To Environmental Noise, Jennifer L. Miksis-Olds Jan 2006

Manatee Response To Environmental Noise, Jennifer L. Miksis-Olds

Open Access Dissertations

The most pressing concerns associated with conservation of the endangered Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) include habitat alteration and mortality caused by humans. Whereas considerable research has focused on manatee mortality associated with watercraft collisions, little attention has been paid to the impacts of noise created by watercraft. Potential effects of environmental noise on the habitat selection, distribution, and behavior of manatees are the foci of this dissertation, the primary goal of which was to understand and predict manatee behavior patterns as a function of environmental noise levels in the Sarasota Bay area. Manatee behavior was examined in terms of: …

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An Information Criterion For Use In Predictive Data Mining, Eric Kyper Jan 2006

An Information Criterion For Use In Predictive Data Mining, Eric Kyper

Open Access Dissertations

This dissertation contains three manuscripts related to each other. The first manuscript is a review of existing data mining literature in the areas of: machine learning, rule induction, neural networks, case based reasoning, genetic algorithms, and rough sets. For each area a brief description of what the topic is, examples of applications in the area, current research, and directions for future research are provided. The second manuscript presents an information criterion for choosing between decision trees exhibiting different characteristics of accuracy and complexity. The information criterion allows decision-makers to choose between decision tree model subsets based on their preference for …

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Youth At Risk For Alcohol Use And Smoking: A Longitudinal Examination Of Profiles Of Prevention, Andrea Eastwood Paiva Jan 2006

Youth At Risk For Alcohol Use And Smoking: A Longitudinal Examination Of Profiles Of Prevention, Andrea Eastwood Paiva

Open Access Dissertations

The current study was designed to examine the Profiles of Prevention among non-drinking and non-smoking adolescents. Research across age groups (elementary, middle and high school), populations (U.S., U.K., and Israel), and substances (tobacco, alcohol and other drugs) has consistently identified four profiles of non-users who vary in their risks for substance use: (1) Most Protected from substance use; (2) Most Tempted to use substances; (3) Most Negative about staying substance free; and (4) Least Positive about being substance free. These profiles have demonstrated both internal and external validity in cross-sectional data. This longitudinal research focuses on students who remain substance …

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"Defining A New Normal": An Exploration Of Psychosocial Adjustment In Young Adult Survivors Of Adolescent Cancer, Kristen J. Quinlan Jan 2006

"Defining A New Normal": An Exploration Of Psychosocial Adjustment In Young Adult Survivors Of Adolescent Cancer, Kristen J. Quinlan

Open Access Dissertations

Psycho-oncology has been limited by inconsistent definitions of adjustment, leading to inconsistent information about the correlates of adjustment among adult survivors of pediatric cancer. Further, adolescent survivors are seldom broken out for special analysis, even though there are vast medical and developmental differences between those diagnosed during adolescence and those diagnosed at a younger age. The current study utilized a mixed method approach examine adjustment with 7 female and 5 male survivors of cancer who were diagnosed during adolescence. Thematic analysis revealed that adjustment is the process of changing one's perspective or redefining oneself as one works to determine a …

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An Examination Of The Relationship Between Perceived Parental Involvement And Adolescent Eating And Exercise Habits, Pamela Lea Steadman Jan 2006

An Examination Of The Relationship Between Perceived Parental Involvement And Adolescent Eating And Exercise Habits, Pamela Lea Steadman

Open Access Dissertations

Pediatric obesity is a major public health concern with alarming increases in prevalence rates over the past three decades, despite improvements in treatment and prevention efforts. Much of the focus on pediatric obesity prevention has revolved around children; however, little attention has been targeted toward adolescents. The current study is the first to examine the contribution of parental and adolescent perceptions of parental involvement in adolescent eating and exercise habits. Forty-six adolescent-parent dyads completed measures of perceived parental concern, responsibility, control and pressure exerted over adolescent health behaviors (AHB). Adolescents completed measures of current physical activity, eating habits, weight control …

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Social Capital And The Intent To Graduate Among Black And Hispanic High School Students, Erica E. Conners Jan 2006

Social Capital And The Intent To Graduate Among Black And Hispanic High School Students, Erica E. Conners

Open Access Dissertations

Blacks and Hispanics have the highest high school drop out rates in the United States. The purpose of this study was to explore variables derived from "social capital" theory for their potential impact on Black and Hispanic students' intention to graduate high school. This study hypothesized that, beyond academic ability alone, Black and Hispanic adolescents respond to the level of "social capital" they perceive and experience from their families and school environments. Three "social capital" variables, parental educational encouragement, school responsiveness and extracurricular engagement, were examined for their contribution to intention to graduate among these populations. The participants were 181 …

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Late Holocene Climate Variability As Preserved In High-Resolution Estuarine And Lacustrine Sediment Archives, Jeremiah Bradford Hubeny Jan 2006

Late Holocene Climate Variability As Preserved In High-Resolution Estuarine And Lacustrine Sediment Archives, Jeremiah Bradford Hubeny

Open Access Dissertations

Concern regarding human-induced environmental and climate changes is becoming higher-profile. Aquatic sediment that is preserved at the bottom of a lake, estuary, or ocean provide high-quality proxy records of environmental and climate conditions that extend past the instrumental period. This dissertation performs high-resolution proxy analyses from annually resolved sediment records in Rhode Island and central New York State to interpret the natural and anthropogenically induced changes that have occurred over the Late Holocene. The Pettaquamscutt River Estuary's Lower Basin was studied and the post-glacial stratigraphy was interpreted. High-productivity lacustrine sedimentation started at ca. 15,500 cal BP and density-stratified estuarine conditions …

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The Genres Of Tutor Training: Searching For Reflective Practice, Elaine Hays Jan 2006

The Genres Of Tutor Training: Searching For Reflective Practice, Elaine Hays

Open Access Dissertations

As those involved in writing center work acknowledge, tutor training, whether informal or formal, is at the center of effective one-on-one instruction. The tutor training manual has become a popular tool for tutor education, but not always deemed useful. Likewise, the activities called "tutor training," vary with institutional context and, of course, budget and time. Still, from the onset of peer tutor training and collaborative learning, the intellectual development of the tutor was deemed as significant, if not more so, than assuring that the tutors knew what to do, or not do, during a tutoring session. Drawing on a lineage …

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Self, Other And The Sociopolitical In Politically Active Women Survivors Of Domestic Violence, Molly Ann Hedrick Jan 2006

Self, Other And The Sociopolitical In Politically Active Women Survivors Of Domestic Violence, Molly Ann Hedrick

Open Access Dissertations

This research examined experiences with interpersonal, intrapersonal, and structural violence in politically active women survivors of domestic violence. This study also explored how (if at all) these women described processes which Freire (2003) called critical consciousness and liberating action, and what these women can tell us about the processes of change. Participants were 16 survivors of domestic violence recruited from Sisters Overcoming Abusive Relationships (SOAR) in Rhode Island. SOAR is an organization run entirely by survivors of domestic violence and provides political activism with the goal of ending domestic violence. I utilized a mixed-methods, transformative and social constructivist concurrent design. …

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Exercise Behavior Among Women Post-Myocardial Infarction: Applying The Transtheoretical Model Of Behavior Change, Janet K. Dombroski Jan 2006

Exercise Behavior Among Women Post-Myocardial Infarction: Applying The Transtheoretical Model Of Behavior Change, Janet K. Dombroski

Open Access Dissertations

Exercise adherence among women post-myocardial infarction (MI) is a major health issue. The lack of exercise adherence prevents women from attaining the multiple benefits of exercise and exacerbates cardiovascular disease. Factors identified as determining adherence to therapeutic regimen for women post-MI include personal factors, interpersonal factors, and environmental factors. A descriptive survey design utilizing the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change (TTM) (Prochaska & DiClemente, 1982) was used to investigate the relationships among stage of change for exercise behavior, processes of change, decisional balance (pros and cons), and self-efficacy for exercise in women post-MI. The following research questions were addressed: (a) …

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The Virtual Eelgrass Meadow: A Simulation Of Zostera Marina L. Linking Physiology To Population Level Processes, Lora Anna Harris Jan 2006

The Virtual Eelgrass Meadow: A Simulation Of Zostera Marina L. Linking Physiology To Population Level Processes, Lora Anna Harris

Open Access Dissertations

The Virtual Eelgrass Meadow (VEM) was developed to link the population dynamics of eelgrass ramets with a mechanistic, physiological model of eelgrass growth that simulates rhizome elongation rates and new lateral shoot branching in two dimensions. The programming structure relies on an Individual Based Modeling approach emphasizing the botanical details of eelgrass ramet production and utilization of space. Growth rates depend on forced values of nitrogen loading and sediment sulfide concentrations, as well as the dynamic variables of light and temperature that also determine allocation of new production to leaves, rhizomes, or new lateral shoots. The pattern of lateral shoot …

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Eminent Domain Legislation Post-Kelo: A State Of The States, Patricia E. Salkin Jan 2006

Eminent Domain Legislation Post-Kelo: A State Of The States, Patricia E. Salkin

Scholarly Works

In Kelo v. City of New London, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the use of eminent domain for economic development is a permissible“public use” under the Takings Clause of the Fifth Amendment. The decision proved controversial, as many feared that it would benefit large corporations at the expense of individual homeowners and local communities. Shortly thereafter, numerous states introduced legislation limiting the use of eminent domain.This article surveys those state initiatives that have been signed into law following the Court’s decision in Kelo.

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States Beginning To Recognize That Training Is Essential For Members Of Planning And Zoning Boards And Local Legislative Bodies, Patricia E. Salkin Jan 2006

States Beginning To Recognize That Training Is Essential For Members Of Planning And Zoning Boards And Local Legislative Bodies, Patricia E. Salkin

Scholarly Works

Members of planning and zoning boards and local legislative bodies constantly make decisions that may be worth millions of dollars to applicants and that may have serious impacts on public health and safety. Unlike other players in the land use decision making process members of local legislative bodies and land use boards have no specific education or training in land use matters prior to their election or appointment putting them in the position to learn solely from “on the job training”. Five (5) states currently require mandatory training and continuing education courses for members of planning boards and zoning boards …

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Principles Of Fairness For International Economic Treaties: Constructivism And Contractualism, John Linarelli Jan 2006

Principles Of Fairness For International Economic Treaties: Constructivism And Contractualism, John Linarelli

Scholarly Works

No legal system deserving of continued support can exist without an adequate theory of justice. A world trade constitution cannot credibly exist without a clear notion of justice upon which to base a consensus. This paper examines two accounts of fairness found in moral philosophy, those of John Rawls and Tim Scanlon. The Rawlsian theory of justice is well-known to legal scholars. Scanlon's contractualist account may be less well-known. The aim of the paper is to start the discussion as to how fairness theories can be used to develop the tools for examining international economic policies and institutions. After elaborating …

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Offer-Of-Judgment Rules And Civil Litigation: An Empirical Study Of Automobile Insurance Litigation In The East, Albert Yoon, Tom Baker Jan 2006

Offer-Of-Judgment Rules And Civil Litigation: An Empirical Study Of Automobile Insurance Litigation In The East, Albert Yoon, Tom Baker

Vanderbilt Law Review

Although their express purpose is to adjudicate disputes, courts by their institutional design encourage civil litigants to settle their differences without resorting to trial. Most civil systems impose filing fees, pleading requirements, and a highly formalized presentation of evidence; also, because of crowded civil dockets, courts typically require litigants to wait months, or even years, for their trial date.' For these reasons, and because of the increasing costs of legal representation, it is not surprising that the majority of litigants settle before trial. Notwithstanding these measures, federal courts and most state courts have an additional mechanism to encourage settlement, generally …

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Symptom Exacerbation And Adherence To Antiretroviral Therapy During The Menstrual Cycle: A Pilot Study, Pinaki N. Patel, Richard M. Grimes Jan 2006

Symptom Exacerbation And Adherence To Antiretroviral Therapy During The Menstrual Cycle: A Pilot Study, Pinaki N. Patel, Richard M. Grimes

Student Publications

Our objective is to investigate the relationship between drug and menstrual cycle symptoms in HIV+ women receiving antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Interviews were done for 12 weeks with 54 HIV+ women receiving HAART. Patients were asked if they experienced any of 28 symptoms associated with HAART and the menstrual cycle and about HAART adherence. Weeks were divided into menstrual weeks (MWs), premenstrual weeks (PWs), and other weeks. Women reported more bloating (P = .02) and cramps (P = .001) during MWs. Skin problems (P = .08) and breast tenderness (P = .03) were experienced during PWs. Feeling tired/loss of energy (P …

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Changes In Post-Marital Residence Rules In An Era Of National Reform: The Urban To Rural Disjunction In Contemporary China, Michaela S. Clemens Jan 2006

Changes In Post-Marital Residence Rules In An Era Of National Reform: The Urban To Rural Disjunction In Contemporary China, Michaela S. Clemens

Nebraska Anthropologist

Alternatives to the traditional practice of patrilocal postmarital residence exist in modern day China and vary from urban to rural areas. Social and economic reforms that were instituted in postMao China had an influence on post-marital residence rules. These reforms include marriage laws, reproduction restrictions, the return to family farms, and greater access to employment. Government reforms had different impacts on urban and rural families, creating different family structures and compositions. Family customs, like post-marital residence, also diverged along rural and urban lines. In rural areas, patrilocality persists, but matrilocal marriage arrangements are increasing. In urban areas, a strong preference …

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An Understanding Of The Relationship Between Maquiladoras And Women's Rights In Central America, Mara D. Giles Jan 2006

An Understanding Of The Relationship Between Maquiladoras And Women's Rights In Central America, Mara D. Giles

Nebraska Anthropologist

The impacts of globalization, deregulation, and free trade on Central American women, whether married or single, are numerous. On either side of the political borders, individual lives and cultures are impacted, often with dire results. Because of traditional gendered roles in these cultures, women's entrance into the formal economic sector has been slow and difficult. Maquiladoras created by globalization provide jobs for poor and undereducated women with few other options of employment. Because of the natures of the global economic system and issues of gender, the positions of these women of poverty are easily exploited. Though the consequences can be …

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Homosexuals In The Periphery: Gay And Lesbian Rights In Developing Africa, Brett Kennedy Jan 2006

Homosexuals In The Periphery: Gay And Lesbian Rights In Developing Africa, Brett Kennedy

Nebraska Anthropologist

Slowly but surely American and Western European culture is being eased into an approximate acceptance of homosexuality and other non-heterosexual orientations. Great leaps have been taken in the past four decades to improve the quality of life for non-heterosexuals in almost all parts of the developed world However, in those countries which lie on the outside of this small core group of economic power, the issue of gay rights is often not even considered In this analysis, I will be looking at the attitudes and treatment of homosexuals in developing Africa. Primarily, the focus will rest on South Africa and …

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The Legal Architecture Of Intergovernmental Transfers: A Comparative Examination, Sujit Choudhry, Benjamin Perrin Jan 2006

The Legal Architecture Of Intergovernmental Transfers: A Comparative Examination, Sujit Choudhry, Benjamin Perrin

All Faculty Publications

An enormous body of literature exists on intergovernmental transfers between central governments and federal subunits. This work focuses almost exclusively on the economic justifications for such transfers, their design, and the challenges they pose to democratic accountability, transparency, and the autonomy of federal subunits. The legal dimension of intergovernmental transfers has received comparatively little scholarly attention. Systems of intergovernmental transfers are constituted and governed by domestic constitutional law, intergovernmental agreements, and legislation. One cannot fully appreciate how these systems operate without studying the legal instruments through which intergovernmental transfers are provided as well as their interpretation and enforcement by the …

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China And The Human Right To Health: Selective Adaptation And Treaty Compliance, Pitman B. Potter Jan 2006

China And The Human Right To Health: Selective Adaptation And Treaty Compliance, Pitman B. Potter

All Faculty Publications

The international community has devoted considerable energy to dialogue and exchanges with China on issues of treaty compliance in areas of trade and human rights, and while many improvements are evident in China’s legal regimes for trade and human rights, problems remain. Further, academic and policy discourses on China’s trade and human rights policy and practice are all too often conflicted by normative differences and illusions about them. The paradigm of “selective adaptation” offers a potential solution by examining compliance with international trade and human rights treaties by reference to the interplay between normative systems associated with international rule regimes …

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Respecting And Protecting The Sacred, Darlene Johnston Jan 2006

Respecting And Protecting The Sacred, Darlene Johnston

All Faculty Publications

In Canada, many citizens are justifiably proud of our country’s commitment to multiculturalism and respect for diversity. Cultural variations in language, art, law, and religion are not only tolerated but also celebrated. There is a growing appreciation that as human beings we share common, fundamental categories of experience, but that those experiences are mediated by and need to be understood in terms of our particular cultural contexts. Just as different cultures have different approaches to land and property, so too do traditions of sacredness vary. But respect for such variations, particularly as between Aboriginal peoples and newcomers to Canada, has …

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Corporate Social Accountability Standards In The Global Supply Chain: Resistance, Reconsideration And Resolution In China, Li-Wen Lin Jan 2006

Corporate Social Accountability Standards In The Global Supply Chain: Resistance, Reconsideration And Resolution In China, Li-Wen Lin

All Faculty Publications

This Article provides a view on corporate social accountability standards from a Chinese perspective, a slightly different angle from that of legal scholars in the United States. The legal literature in the United States typically only focuses on the importance and effectiveness of corporate social accountability standards to regulate the conduct of multinational companies in the era of globalization. However, the views of the outsourced companies in the developing countries on which the multinational companies impose the standards have seldom received attention. This Article tries to fill this void by examining the situation in China. As shown in this Article, …

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Resource Reviews, Phyllis Fox Jan 2006

Resource Reviews, Phyllis Fox

The Christian Librarian

No abstract provided.

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Acl And God’S Call To Librarianship, Barbara Nelson Jan 2006

Acl And God’S Call To Librarianship, Barbara Nelson

The Christian Librarian

Many people have asked me how, as a librarian in a secular institution, I became so involved in ACL. I have been at Auburn University Libraries since 1978, but before that was at a Christian liberal arts college, now defunct. ACL has been part of my life since the early 70’s and, of all the professional organizations to which I have belonged, it is the one that has had the greatest effect on me personally.

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Reading, Writing And Power, John Allen Delivuk Jan 2006

Reading, Writing And Power, John Allen Delivuk

The Christian Librarian

This article’s goal is to discuss the relationship between reading, writing and power. (Unfortunately, space forbids more than an introduction to this topic.) We live in a postmodern society where some people doubt whether truth is knowable. I will show that the power of the written word is great enough so that receptive readers can overcome the barriers against understanding it as the author meant it, and therefore reading can teach the truth. Obviously, this statement will be qualified at a later point. While this article will center on power, it is inseparable from the other traits of literature.The biblical …

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