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2005

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Sex Differences In Sexual Psychology Produce Sex-Similar Preferences For A Short-Term Mate, Brian Joseph Jr Quintus Jan 2005

Sex Differences In Sexual Psychology Produce Sex-Similar Preferences For A Short-Term Mate, Brian Joseph Jr Quintus

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

I explored aspects of men's and women's short-term sexual psychology as a function of a potential short-term partner's relationship status. 468 subjects reported how likely they would be to pursue a casual sexual relationship with a member of the opposite sex who was (1) married, (2) not married but has casual sexual partners, (3) or not married and has no casual sexual partners. Guided by sperm competition theory, I predicted and found that men prefer short-term sex partners who are not already involved in relationships, thus presenting a lower risk of sperm competition. Because women sometimes use short-term sexual relationships …

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Smoking In The Age Of Clean Air, Alice Claire Stader Jan 2005

Smoking In The Age Of Clean Air, Alice Claire Stader

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

The behavior of smoking is one of the most important social and public health issues today. This thesis focuses on the smoker in a south Florida bar district. Through the analysis of forty interviews and one hundred surveys, I uncovered why individuals smoke and how they rationalize the behavior in spite of known health risks. The four emerging themes as to why individuals smoke were for the creation of self-image, pleasure and relaxation, reinforce social relations and mood maintenance. The two themes regarding the rationalization behind the behavior were "it's better than other vices" argument and the "life is dangerous" …

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Assessment Success Today Or Learning Success Tomorrow? How A Longitudinal Perspective Can Help Standards-Based Accountability Systems Eliminate The Persistent Gap Between Nominal And Actual Achievement For High School Graduates, Megan F. Dolan Jan 2005

Assessment Success Today Or Learning Success Tomorrow? How A Longitudinal Perspective Can Help Standards-Based Accountability Systems Eliminate The Persistent Gap Between Nominal And Actual Achievement For High School Graduates, Megan F. Dolan

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

Current standards-based accountability systems, exemplified by No Child Left Behind (NCLB), generally rely on successive year comparisons to gauge educational progress and place special emphasis on achievement in elementary school, but include no mechanisms to monitor the degree to which early improvements noted by increases in these successive year comparisons demonstrate genuine improvements in curricular and instructional practice that lead to higher levels of achievement in later grades. The absence of a longitudinal perspective within these standards-based accountability systems means that critical educational decisions such as the continuation or abandonment of practices or programs may be based on incomplete depictions …

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Behavioral And Electroencephalographic Analysis Of Visuomotor Coordination, Debra Taylor Jan 2005

Behavioral And Electroencephalographic Analysis Of Visuomotor Coordination, Debra Taylor

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

Sensorimotor coordination is used in everyday behavior. This includes discrete reactive behaviors, such as maneuvers made to avoid a predator that was heard in the distance, or continuous rhythmic behaviors, such as riding a bicycle. Researchers have studied the behavioral aspects of sensorimotor coordination for over a century and various models have been proposed to account for these findings in terms of the nervous system. The purpose of this thesis was to use behavioral measures and electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings in humans to address several of the remaining issues regarding the spatiotemporal dynamics of cortical activity involved in continuous sensorimotor coordination. …

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Children Attend To Intrinsic Motions When Learning Nouns, Adam Iglesias Jan 2005

Children Attend To Intrinsic Motions When Learning Nouns, Adam Iglesias

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

The present research was designed to test whether 3-year-old-English-speaking children preferentially associate novel nouns with intrinsic motion rather than extrinsic motion, as predicted by the theory of Kersten (1998). Intrinsic motion refers to the ways the parts of an object move in relation to one another. In contrast, extrinsic motion refers to the motion of an object as a whole with respect to an external reference point (e.g. another object). In two separate experiments, we demonstrated that nouns are associated with intrinsic motion and verbs are associated with extrinsic motion. Specifically, children were able to detect differences between stimuli paired …

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Children's Understanding Of Sleep And Death: Implications Of Intentional Persistence For Theory Of Mind And The Theory Theory/Simulation Debate, Christopher A. Cormier Jan 2005

Children's Understanding Of Sleep And Death: Implications Of Intentional Persistence For Theory Of Mind And The Theory Theory/Simulation Debate, Christopher A. Cormier

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

Bering and Bjorklund (2004) reported that (1) the knowledge that conscious mental states cease with the onset of death (discontinuity reasoning, "DR") emerges developmentally; and (2) DR for some states (emotions, desire, epistemic) is more difficult than others (psychobiological, perceptual). In the current study, preschool/kindergarteners, 2nd/3 rd graders, 5th/6th graders and adults viewed a puppet story in which an anthropomorphized juvenile mouse character was explicitly enriched with a variety of mental states prior to falling asleep; the results were highly similar to those of Bering and Bjorklund. Statistical comparison of these data with those of Bering and Bjorklund demonstrates that …

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Clarity-Parity Community Nursing Practice Framework: A Critical Ethnonursing Study Of Women In Recovery From Chemical Dependence And Their Return To The Community, Bernadette M. Lange Jan 2005

Clarity-Parity Community Nursing Practice Framework: A Critical Ethnonursing Study Of Women In Recovery From Chemical Dependence And Their Return To The Community, Bernadette M. Lange

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

Women in recovery from chemical dependence represent a unique culture that should be viewed through a transcultural lens in order to facilitate and sustain their recovery in the dominant culture community. The purpose of this research was to explore the perceptions and experiences of women in recovery from chemical dependence and their return to the community. Leininger's ethnonursing method was used to obtain a holistic transcultural view of the beliefs, values and lifeways of twelve women in recovery. A communal moral focus was used to understand patterns of meaning, values, virtues and principles using Ray's Transcultural Nursing Ethics. Critical Social …

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Color Lines: "Passing" And Its Implications For Literary Subjectivity In Richard Wright And Boris Vian, Celine Guillerm Jan 2005

Color Lines: "Passing" And Its Implications For Literary Subjectivity In Richard Wright And Boris Vian, Celine Guillerm

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

If mid-twentieth-century African-American authors based discussions of race in America on the theories of prominent Franco-African writers, African-American writers such as Richard Wright were also highly influential in discussions of race in the French literary context. Wright's novel Native Son focuses on protagonist Bigger Thomas, a young black man who accidentally commits murder. After realizing how the white community has interpreted his act, Bigger tries without success to break free of "double consciousness," or fragmented subjectivity, first articulated by W. E. B. DuBois. Boris Vian's text J'irai cracher sur vos tombes problematizes Wright's literary analysis of race through protagonist Lee …

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Comparison Of The Boston Naming Test And Miami Naming Test In An Afro-Caribbean Population Over The Age Of 55, Florence. Keane Jan 2005

Comparison Of The Boston Naming Test And Miami Naming Test In An Afro-Caribbean Population Over The Age Of 55, Florence. Keane

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

The Boston Naming Test (60 items) and the newly developed Miami Naming Test (76 items) are designed to assess naming deficits and word-retrieval capacities. These two tests were compared in a sample of 106 Afro-Caribbean elders. Analysis included inter-rater, test-retest reliability and internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha. The correlation between the scores of both raters on the Boston Naming Test was r=.9974 and r=.9984 on the Miami Naming Test. The test-retest reliability scores were r=.936 for the Boston Naming Test and r=.931 for the Miami Naming Test. The alpha level for the Miami Naming Test was .95 and the Boston …

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Coherence Versus Fragmentation In The Self-System: Implications For Self-Evaluation And Social Behavior, Katharine K. Mcmillan Jan 2005

Coherence Versus Fragmentation In The Self-System: Implications For Self-Evaluation And Social Behavior, Katharine K. Mcmillan

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

Self-systems process self-relevant information, act as platforms for action, maintain well-being, and shape interpersonal relationships. To perform these functions, coherent self-structure of evaluatively consistent self-aspects is required. Coherence is experienced as self-certainty (self-concept clarity, confidence, constancy). The issue is addressed from a dynamical systems perspective that conceptualizes the self as a complex system of self-organizing interdependent cognitive/affective elements. Self-structure coherence (SSC) is hypothesized to produce self-certainty, self-esteem, self-stability; extreme, positive, and confident self-evaluations of traits, roles; abstract mental representations; and consistency in self-evaluation. SSC is operationalized by entropy , an index of organization vs. disorganization of self-view. Participants (N = …

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Comparison Of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Responses To Maternal Deprivation And Chronic Variable Stress In Pre-Weanling Rats, Peter Jr Blandino Jan 2005

Comparison Of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Responses To Maternal Deprivation And Chronic Variable Stress In Pre-Weanling Rats, Peter Jr Blandino

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

This paradigm evaluated a novel chronic stressor paradigm that could be as effective as 24 hr of maternal deprivation (24-MD), yet be intrinsically capable of examination over numerous days in pre-weanling pups. It was hypothesized that a 19 hr chronic variable stressor paradigm (19-CVS) would be equally or more effective in eliciting a corticosterone (CORT) response than 24-MD and that 19-CVS would have elevated recovery CORT levels over 24-MD. The results indicated that (1) 19-CVS elicited a significantly greater CORT response than 24-MD immediately after stressor exposure and (2) 19-CVS had significantly elevated recovery CORT in comparison to 24-MD. These …

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Competition Between Opposing Motion Directions In The Perception Of Apparent Motion: A New Look At An Old Stimulus, Avia Huisman Jan 2005

Competition Between Opposing Motion Directions In The Perception Of Apparent Motion: A New Look At An Old Stimulus, Avia Huisman

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

This study tested the hypothesis that the perception of 2-flash apparent motion (points of light are briefly presented in succession at a nearby locations) is the outcome of competition between two opposing motion directions activated by the stimulus. Experiment 1 replicated previous results obtained using 2-flash stimuli; motion was optimal for a non-zero inter-frame interval (Kolers, 1972; Wertheimer, 1912). In Experiment 2, stimuli were pared down to a single luminance change toward the background at one location, and a single luminance change away from the background at one location at another. Results were consistent with apparent motion being specified by …

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Concurrent And Prospective Associations Between Parent-Adolescent Conflict And Adolescent Adjustment: Person-Oriented And Variable-Oriented Analyses, William Jay Burk Jan 2005

Concurrent And Prospective Associations Between Parent-Adolescent Conflict And Adolescent Adjustment: Person-Oriented And Variable-Oriented Analyses, William Jay Burk

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

This study examined early adolescent perceptions of daily disagreements and negative interactions in relationships with mothers and fathers and their association with adolescent reports of self-esteem, self- and mother reports of behavior problems, and school grades. An I-States as Objects Analysis (ISOA: Bergman, 1998) identified seven distinct conflict patterns in parent-adolescent relationships: amiable, squabbling, discordant, hostile, labile, tranquil, and avoidant. These groups exhibited structural and interindividual stability, with groups characterized by constructive conflict processes demonstrating more stability than adolescents in groups characterized by non-constructive conflict processes. ISOA procedures failed to identify coherent adolescent adjustment groups. Person-oriented analyses indicated adolescents in …

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Detection In Dispositional Change In Romantic Relationships: A Dynamic Explanation, Sarah G. Bodin Jan 2005

Detection In Dispositional Change In Romantic Relationships: A Dynamic Explanation, Sarah G. Bodin

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

Many studies have been devoted to investigating the process by which individuals make dispositional attributions about the people that they encounter. A surprisingly small number of studies have been directed at examining the process by which individuals may detect change in their impressions of people once they have been formed. In fact, traditional social psychology literature suggests that individuals will engage in a number of processes to maintain or improve, rather than change, their initial attributions. With such alarming divorce rates, it is quite obvious that romantic couples are detecting change in their perceptions of one another. However, romance and …

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Development And Importance Of Brachiation: How Enclosure Design Affects Activity Patterns In Captive Gibbons (Hylobates Lar), Michele R. Schwartz Jan 2005

Development And Importance Of Brachiation: How Enclosure Design Affects Activity Patterns In Captive Gibbons (Hylobates Lar), Michele R. Schwartz

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

Knowing how to keep captive gibbons can have an impact on the field of anthropology and, in turn, improve the care of these animals in captivity. A brachiating structure designed for enriching gibbon habitat was constructed on one of two islands in a captive enclosure. The data collected was analyzed on time spent brachiating compared to time spent on the ground. A key factor in collecting data was the placement of the observer with respect to the proximity of the gibbons being observed. In this study the gibbons spent more time on the grass when observing them at close range. …

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Determinants Of Attachment Style In Middle Childhood: Perceptions Of Parental Behavior And Their Relation To Attachment Coping Strategies, Angela M. Cusimano Jan 2005

Determinants Of Attachment Style In Middle Childhood: Perceptions Of Parental Behavior And Their Relation To Attachment Coping Strategies, Angela M. Cusimano

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

Participants were 199 children (105 females) in grades three through eight (mean age = 11.03 years). Five attachment coping strategies were assessed (preoccupied, avoidant, indecisive, coercive, and caregiving), and four aspects of perceived maternal behavior were assessed (reliable support, harassment, overprotection, and fear induction). Numerous meaningful associations were found between the attachment measures and the perceived parenting measures. For instance, perceived maternal overprotectiveness was significantly related to preoccupied and indecisive coping strategies, whereas perceived maternal harassment, fear induction, and reliable support were related in various ways to avoidant, indecisive, coercive, and caregiving attachment coping strategies. In general, the associations found …

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Ecocritical And Metaphorical Analysis Of "Cereus Blooms At Night", Rhonda A. Kaleel Jan 2005

Ecocritical And Metaphorical Analysis Of "Cereus Blooms At Night", Rhonda A. Kaleel

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

Nature is an important symbol in Cereus Blooms at Night by Shani Mootoo. The metaphorical comparisons are interlaced within the colonial usurpation which fuels the novel into becoming an ecocritical statement, because without the health of the environment, both human and non-human species alike decay and die because of colonial encroachment. Shani Mootoo illustrates the ecological clash between the wetlands and the tropics through an intricate narrative involving people who are dominated by their environments and cultures, or lack thereof, which create great chasms to overcome. Through critical nature symbols such as the town of Paradise versus the wetlands, the …

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Does Children's Attachment Style Influence Children's Perception Of The Parent?, Diane R. Kabbas Jan 2005

Does Children's Attachment Style Influence Children's Perception Of The Parent?, Diane R. Kabbas

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

This thesis examined the possibility of meaningful associations between children's attachment styles in middle childhood and children's perceptions of the parent. Participants were 199 students (94 males, 105 females) in grades three through eight (mean age = 11.03 years) from a Florida university school. The children were administered self-report measures and peer-report nomination measures. Five attachment coping strategies (preoccupied, indecisive, avoidant, coercive, and caregiving) and four aspects of perceived maternal behavior (reliable support, overprotection, harassment, and fear induction) were assessed and numerous and meaningful associations were found. For example, perceived maternal overprotection was positively associated with preoccupied coping. Significant associations …

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Effect Of Child Temperament In Parent-Child Interactions In A Teaching Task, Jodi Mckay Jan 2005

Effect Of Child Temperament In Parent-Child Interactions In A Teaching Task, Jodi Mckay

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relation between specific measures of child temperament and parent-child interaction in a problem-solving task. One prediction is that children's behavior in a problem solving task will be dictated by their unique temperamental characteristics. It is also thought that child temperament will be related to parental sensitivity to child's emotional cues and understanding as well as teaching strategies and joint decision making. Another prediction is that temperament affects joint attention between children and their parents. Previous research using aggregated dimensions of temperament have found a relation between child temperament and parent-child interaction, …

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Elementary Principal's Role In Promoting Reading Improvement, Lurana Case Hillard Jan 2005

Elementary Principal's Role In Promoting Reading Improvement, Lurana Case Hillard

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

The primary purpose of this study was to determine if there were commonalities in the approaches of ten elementary school principals in the state of Florida identified as "success stories" in leading reading improvement in their schools in 2002 shortly after enactment of the No Child Left Behind Act at the national level and the Just Read, Florida! initiative at the state level. A secondary purpose of the study was to determine if a relationship existed between the elementary school principals' reported success in leading reading improvement at their schools and reported level of agreement with the Survey Form for …

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Effects Of Learning-Style Responsive Vs. Traditional Staff Development On Community College Professors' Achievement In And Attitudes Toward Alternative Instructional Strategies, Christina T. Hart Jan 2005

Effects Of Learning-Style Responsive Vs. Traditional Staff Development On Community College Professors' Achievement In And Attitudes Toward Alternative Instructional Strategies, Christina T. Hart

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

This researcher conducted an investigation concerning the effects of learning-style responsive versus traditional staff development on community college professors' achievement in and attitudes toward alternative instructional strategies. This study involved 84 faculty from three community colleges in Florida. Participants were voluntary and experienced both a learning-style responsive workshop and a traditional workshop through a counter balanced, reversed measures design. Objectives for each workshop focused on one learning-style method, thereby exposing participants to content about learning styles while using learning-style strategies to deliver the material. The average participant was a Caucasian female between the ages of 40-49 years old who taught …

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Entrepreneurial Scanning Behavior In New Childcare Ventures, John. Leaptrott Jan 2005

Entrepreneurial Scanning Behavior In New Childcare Ventures, John. Leaptrott

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

This dissertation assessed two aspects of entrepreneurial scanning related to new ventures. The first was the information search and analysis these entrepreneurs performed when they made certain basic decisions necessary to start most business prior to commencement of operations. The second was the ongoing information search activities of entrepreneurs who had started childcare businesses and were managing them in their first few years of operation. In addition, this dissertation assessed the extent these scanning activities were consistent with a dual process theory of reasoning. Finally, the limitations of the study and suggested future research directions for research of entrepreneurial scanning …

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Evidence Of Social Learning Mechanisms And Teaching Behavior Of Atlantic Spotted Dolphins (Stenella Frontalis) By Mother Dolphins Foraging In The Presence Of Calves, Courtney Elizabeth Bortot Jan 2005

Evidence Of Social Learning Mechanisms And Teaching Behavior Of Atlantic Spotted Dolphins (Stenella Frontalis) By Mother Dolphins Foraging In The Presence Of Calves, Courtney Elizabeth Bortot

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

The present study examined the alteration of benthic foraging behavior by mother Atlantic spotted dolphins (Stenella frontalis) when foraging in the presence of their calves in comparison to the foraging behaviors of the mothers when the calves were not present. The mother dolphins chased prey significantly longer and made significantly more body-orienting movements during foraging in which calves were present. In 5 of the events where the calves were present the prey was not eaten by the mother, but instead the calves were allowed to pursue the prey and were confirmed to have eaten the prey in 3 of the …

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Evolutionary Psychological Approach To The Study Of Sibling Influences, Richard L. Michalski Jan 2005

Evolutionary Psychological Approach To The Study Of Sibling Influences, Richard L. Michalski

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

Research in the psychological sciences has long focused on the impact families have on later development. One feature of families is the birth order in which children from one family develop. Birth order serves as a proxy for developmentally relevant criteria including differences in age, size, and status between siblings. Following from theories derived from evolutionary psychology, differences in perceived favoritism, personality dimensions, and sexual strategy are examined. As an initial examination of the influences siblings can have beyond childhood, responses to the upset over the infidelities of in-laws are examined. Results from this series of studies suggests (1) birth …

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Exotisme Et Alterite Dans Les Oeuvres De Pierre Loti Et De Victor Segalen, Jane M. Montonen Jan 2005

Exotisme Et Alterite Dans Les Oeuvres De Pierre Loti Et De Victor Segalen, Jane M. Montonen

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

At the turn of the twentieth century when French imperialism is on the rise, the writers and naval officers Pierre Loti and Victor Segalen represent otherness in their literary work in different and even antagonistic ways. Loti, who became famous early in his lifetime, depicts exotic lands and his vision of the Other in an impressionist, sentimentalist, and sometimes-ethnocentric way while Segalen proposes to redefine exoticism polluted by colonial discourse. Segalen recognizes the uniqueness of foreign cultures and innovate in giving a voice to the Other. In spite of the differences between the two authors, it has not been emphasized …

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Fashion And Power: The Representation Of Gender In Store Window Displays, Kami T. Barrett Jan 2005

Fashion And Power: The Representation Of Gender In Store Window Displays, Kami T. Barrett

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

Fashion and dress have a complex relationship to identity. The clothes we choose to wear can express our identities in terms of gender, race, class, and/or sexuality, among other things. This study examines how gender, race, and class are used to interpellate primarily female shoppers through store window advertising in the city of London, England. Using a feminist cultural and media studies approach, I analyze eight store window display advertisements as texts, and how their portrayals of women are presented to consumers. This study concludes that stereotypical, degrading, humiliating and violating representations of women and femininity abound in store window …

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Increasing Learn Units By Special Education Teachers: Supervision Via Bug-In-Ear Technology, Janet I. Goodman Jan 2005

Increasing Learn Units By Special Education Teachers: Supervision Via Bug-In-Ear Technology, Janet I. Goodman

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

Preparing teachers for diverse populations in the 21st century is a daunting task that must be addressed systematically. Because society requires strict accountability measures (Danielson, 1996; NCLB, 2002), educators must ensure that students achieve at high levels. Teacher education literature increasingly addresses the need for standards and accountability (Hardeman, McDonald, & Welch, 1998) and stresses the importance of well-researched, teacher preparation methods. While teacher education institutions face the challenges of preparing a greater quantity and higher quality of teachers, a teacher shortage continues to exist (SREB, 2001). Several researchers have focused on efficient and effective means of preparing teachers who …

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Guided Interpretations And The Importance Of Signs: Text, Reader, And Author In Carlos Fuentes And Jorge Luis Borges, Giada Biasetti Jan 2005

Guided Interpretations And The Importance Of Signs: Text, Reader, And Author In Carlos Fuentes And Jorge Luis Borges, Giada Biasetti

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

The purpose of the following thesis is to apply Umberto Eco's concepts included in his essay Intentio Lectoris, the Peircean notions of the relationship between the object, the sign, and the interpretant, and other essays that deal with the relationship between the reader, the text, and the author to two Latin American works of literature: one Mexican, Carlos Fuentes's "Chac Mool" and one Argentinean, Jorge Luis Borges's "Las ruinas circulares." The objective is to discuss the structural devices that guide the reader through particular interpretations, analyze the sociohistorical agents that influence the author as well as the reader, and pinpoint …

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Human Mate Poaching: How Frequent Is It And What Motivates It?, Alastair P C Davies Jan 2005

Human Mate Poaching: How Frequent Is It And What Motivates It?, Alastair P C Davies

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

Mate poaching occurs when an individual has sexual relations with the romantic partner of another. In Study A, I investigated the prevalence of mate poaching by presenting participants with questions whose devising was informed by a stricter definition of mate poaching than that employed by earlier studies. As expected, relative to participants in earlier studies, the current participants reported fewer experiences of mate poaching. In Study B, I investigated the likelihood that the benefits and costs of mate poaching will, respectively, motivate participants to poach or will deter them from doing so. Results indicated that for males and females to …

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Influence Of Pilates-Based Mat Exercise On Chronic Lower Back Pain, Jill V. Quinn Jan 2005

Influence Of Pilates-Based Mat Exercise On Chronic Lower Back Pain, Jill V. Quinn

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyze the benefits of a Pilates-based mat exercise program (PME) on low back pain (LBP). Twenty-two volunteers who had LBP were recruited from local commercial and community fitness centers in Delray Beach, Florida and completed the study. All subjects performed pre- and post-assessments of range of motion, flexibility, body composition, surface electromyography (EMG) and Oswestry questionnaire for pain perception. The subjects were randomly divided into Pilates-based mat exercise (PME, n = 15) and control group (CG, n = 7). The PME group completed a 12-week, twice a week, 60-minute per session Pilates-based exercise …

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