Digital Commons Network^™

Sound Source Separation: Azimuth Discrimination And Resynthesis, Dan Barry, Robert Lawlor

Conference papers

This paper discusses a novel sound source separation algorithm which requires no prior knowledge, no learning, assisted or otherwise and performs the task of separation based purely on Azimuth discrimination within the stereo field. The algorithm exploits the use of the pan pot as a means to achieve image localisation within stereophonic recordings. As such, only an interaural intensity difference exists between left and right channels for a single source. The authors use gain scaling and phase cancellation techniques to expose frequency dependent nulls across the Azimuth domain from which source separation and resynthesis is carried out. Results are presented …

Single Note Ornaments Transcription For The Irish Tin Whistle Based On Onset Detection, Mikel Gainza, Eugene Coyle, Robert Lawlor

Conference papers

Oranamentation plays a very important role in Irish traditional music giving more expression to the music by altering or embellishing small pieces of a melody. Single-note ornamentation, such as cuts and strikes, are the most common type in Irish traditional music and are played by articulating the note pitch during the onset stage. A technique for transcribing single note ornamentation for the tin whistle is based on onset detection is presented. This method focuses on the characteristics of the tin whistle within Irish traditional music, customising a time-frequency based representation for detecting the instant when new notes played using single …

Onset Detection And Music Transcription For The Irish Tin Whistle, Mikel Gainza, Robert Lawlor, Eugene Coyle, Aileen Kelleher

Conference papers

A technique for detecting tin whistle note onsets and transcribing the corresponding pitches is presented. This method focuses on the characteristics of the tin whistle within Irish traditional music, customising a time-frequency based representation for extracting the instant when a note starts and the music notation. Results show that the presented approach improves upon the existing energy based approaches in terms of the percentage of correct detections.

Time-Scale Modification Of Music Using A Synchronized Subband/Time-Domain Approach, David Dorran, Robert Lawlor

Conference papers

Time-domain audio time-scaling algorithms are efficient in comparison to their frequency-domain counterparts, but they rely upon the existence of a quasi-periodic signal to produce a high quality output. This requirement makes them unsuitable for direct application to complex multi-pitched signals such as polyphonic music. However, it has been shown that applying time-domain algorithms on a subband basis can resolve this issue. Existing subband/time domain approaches result in a reverberant/phasy artifact being introduced into the output due to poor synchronization between time-scaled subbands. This paper presents a number of synchronization schemes that greatly reduce the amount of reverberation/phasiness introduced into the …

Personality Characteristics Of Bulimic Behavior In College Women Analyzed With The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, Lori Lyn Anderson

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Eating disorders are a growing phenomenon in today's society, and adolescent women are prime candidates for this disorder. The present research study is designed to analyze bulimic behavior in college age women by administrating the Eating Disorder Inventory- 2 (Gamer, 1991), specifically focusing on the bulimia sub scale of this self-reported inventory. The purpose of the study is to measure specialized temperamental characteristics of persons demonstrating bulimic behavior as analyzed using the Myers Briggs Type Indicator (Myers-Briggs & McCaulley, 1986). The researcher surveyed 221 women from psychology classes at a private Midwest university, and each woman completed both the Eating …

Finance Capital As Collaboration Of Industrial Capital, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• A document titled Development, Globalization, and Free Trade (2004, September 30)

• Three graphs titled Balance of Trade as a Percentage of GDP showing various country pairs

• A graph titled U.S. Real Effective Exchange Rate and Real Relative Unit Labor Costs

• A table titled Level of industrialization (manufacturing output per capita), 1800–1913

• Two graphs showing GDP per capita for richest four vs. poorest four countries (Figures 1.20a and 1.21)

• A graph titled Figure 2: VMIR (Per Capita Vast Majority Income relative to GDP) by Country

Punishment, Guilt, And Shame In Biblical Thought, George P. Fletcher

Faculty Scholarship

The centrality of guilt in the criminal law provides puzzling perspective in the perennial debate on the nature and purpose of punishment. Why is it that all legal systems use this highly charged moral term to refer to an essential component of liability to punishment? This question is not easily answered. The reliance on the concept of guilt in the criminal law is suffused with paradox and mystery.

Book Review: Lessons Of Everyday Law/Le Droit Du Quotidien, By Roderick A. Macdonald, Rosanna Langer

Osgoode Hall Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Face To Face': Rediscovering The Right To Confront Prosecution Witnesses, Richard D. Friedman

Articles

The Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution protects the right of an accused 'to confront the witnesses against him'. The United States Supreme Court has treated this Confrontation Clause as a broad but rather easily rebuttable rule against using hearsay on behalf of a criminal prosecution; with respect to most hearsay, the exclusionary rule is overcome if the court is persuaded that the statement is sufficiently reliable, and the court can reach that conclusion if the statement fits within a 'firmly rooted' hearsay exception. This article argues that this framework should be abandoned. The clause should not be regarded …

Public Ruses, James E. Krier, Christopher Serkin

Articles

The public use requirement of eminent domain law may be working its way back into the United States Constitution. To be sure, the words "public use" appear in the document-and in many state constitutions as well, but the federal provision applies to the states in any event-as one of the Fifth Amendment's limitations on the government's inherent power to take private property against the will of its owners. (The other limitation is that "just compensation" must be paid, of which more later.) Any taking of private property, the text suggests, must be for public use. Those words, however, have amounted …

Degrees Of Freedom: Building Citizenship In The Shadow Of Slavery, Rebecca J. Scott

Articles

By seeing events in the past as part of a dynamically evolving system with a large, but not indefinite, number of degrees of freedom, we can turn our attention to the multiple possibilities for change, and to the ways in which societies that are initially similarly situated may go on to diverge very sharply. Thus it is, I will argue, with societies in the 19th century that faced the challenge of building citizenship on the ruins of slavery.

Contracts Without Consent: Exploring A New Basis For Contractual Liability, Omri Ben-Shahar

Articles

This Essay explores an alternative to one of the pillars of contract law, that obligations arise only when there is "mutual assent "--when the parties reach consensus over the terms of the transaction. It explores a principle of "no-retraction," under which each party is obligated to terms it manifested and can retract only with some liability. In contrast to the all-or-nothing nature of the mutual assent regime, where preliminary forms of consent are either full-blown contracts or create no obligation, under the no-retraction regime, obligations emerge gradually, as the positions of the negotiating parties draw closer. Further, the no-retraction liability …

'Agreeing To Disagree': Filling Gaps In Deliberately Incomplete Contracts, Omri Ben-Shahar

Articles

Incomplete contracts have always been viewed as raising the following challenge for contract law: does the incompleteness-or, "indefiniteness," as it is usually called-rise to such a level that renders the agreement legally unenforceable? When the indefiniteness concerns important terms, it is presumed that the parties have not reached an agreement to which they intend to be bound. This "fundamental policy" is the upshot of the view that "contracts should be made by the parties, not by the courts."' When, in contrast, the indefiniteness concerns less important terms, courts supplement the agreement with gap fillers and enforce the supplemented contract.

Forward [To Freedom From Contract Symposium], Omri Ben-Shahar

Articles

This Symposium explores freedom from contract. When I was preparing to travel from my home in Ann Arbor to the University of Wisconsin where this Symposium was to be held, my 9-year-old son asked where I was headed. I explained that a bunch of people and I were going to meet and talk about freedom from contract, but the boy seemed unsure what this exchange was going to be about. I tried to translate: "It is about making promises that you don't really have to keep." This sounded surprising to him. He raised an inquisitive brow, and I knew he …

Guaranteed Payments Made In Kind By A Partnership, Douglas A. Kahn, Faith Cuenin

Articles

If a partnership makes a payment to a partner for services rendered in the latter's capacity as a partner or for the use of capital, to the extent that the payment is determined without regard to partnership income, it is characterized by the Internal Revenue Code as a "guaranteed payment" and is treated differently from other partnership distributions.' In addition, if a partnership makes a payment in liquidation of a retiring or deceased partner's interest in the partnership, part of that payment may be characterized as a guaranteed payment by section 736(a)(2). We will discuss in Part VI of this …

Tender Offers By Controlling Shareholders: The Specter Of Coercion And Fair Price, Adam C. Pritchard

Articles

Taking your company private has never been so appealing. The collapse of the tech bubble has left many companies whose stock prices bordered on the stratospheric now trading at small fractions of their historical highs. The spate of accounting scandals that followed the bursting of the bubble has taken some of the shine off the aura of being a public company-the glare of the spotlight from stock analysts and the business press looks much less inviting, notwithstanding the monitoring benefits that the spotlight purports to confer. Moreover, the regulatory backlash against those accounting scandals has made the costs of being …

Adjusting To Crawford: High Court Decision Restores Confrontation Clause Protection, Richard D. Friedman

Articles

In Crawford v. Washington, 124 S. Ct. 1354 (2004), the U.S. Supreme Court radically transformed its doctrine governing the Confrontation Clause of the Sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Craitiord is a very positive development, restoring to its central position one of the basic protections of the common law system of criminal justice. But the decision leaves many open questions, and all lawyers involved in the criminal justice process will have to adjust to the new regime that it creates. This article outlines and summarizes the problems with the law as it stood before Crait/brd. It then explains the theoretical …

Selected Michigan Probate Law Research Resources, Barbara H. Garavaglia

Articles

Over the past decade, attorneys have increasingly sought free electronic resources on the web to meet their research needs in order to control research costs. The need for free or low-cost access to legal materials is especially critical for solo practitioners and attorneys with smaller practices who live in areas without access to a law library or who may find the cost of commercial print and electronic resources prohibitive.

Seven Habits Of A Highly Effective Scholar, Jerold H. Israel

Articles

Yale Kamisar has been my friend and colleague for almost forty years now, and my first inclination was to write about those relationships, which have meant so much to me. But I know that other friends and colleagues participating in this tribute issue can bring to the description of those relationships far greater skill and far greater eloquence. I have been Yale's coauthor for roughly thirty-five years on his professional "pride and joy" - Modern Criminal Procedure' - and that is another relationship that I could describe with warmth and affection. But Wayne LaFave, who has shared this same role, …

The Barry Bonds Baseball Case - An Empirical Approach - Is Fleeting Possession Five Tenths Of The Ball?, Peter Adomeit

Faculty Scholarship

Mr. Barry Bonds hit his record seventy-third home run on October 7, 2001. Mr. Alex Popov was smart enough to be in the standing room only area at San Francisco's Pacific Bell Park behind the right field bleachers known as the Arcade, where Mr. Bonds had hit many of his home runs. Mr. Popov was lucky enough to be located almost precisely where the ball was hit, needing only to take one step back. He also had brought a softball glove to the park, as well as a small earbud radio on which he could listen to the play-by-play of …

Bioethical Malpractice: Risk And Responsibility In Human Research, Barbara A. Noah

Faculty Scholarship

This Article provides an overview of Institutional Review Board (IRB) operations, reviews the sources of regulatory guidance, and examines the weaknesses of the existing system for the protection of human research subjects. It then discusses the scant case law relating to IRB negligence in the protection of human research subjects and explores some hypothetical circumstances under which it may be appropriate to hold a board accountable for injuries to clinical trial participants. Finally, this Article considers the potential consequences of expanded IRB liability, concluding that tort lawsometimes may serve an important function as a catalyst to regulatory reform when professional …

The Equal Access Act: Still Controversial After All These Years, Leora Harpaz

Faculty Scholarship

Over its twenty-year history, the Equal Access Act has continued to spark controversy. Despite a large number of court decisions that have interpreted the scope of the statute, those controversies have not yet subsided nor are they likely to for the foreseeable future. Interpretation of the Equal Access Act is complicated by ambiguities in the statute's language and the complex relationship that exists between the statute and the First Amendment's prohibition on religious establishments combined with its protection for freedom of expression. The delicate constitutional balancing act that the statute attempts to accomplish complicates the task of statutory interpretation in …

A Sturdy Rogue, Bruce K. Miller

Faculty Scholarship

The Author discusses the Poor Laws in the times of the Tudor monarchs, known to us at the Elizabethan Poor Laws. The Author discusses the Oakley case which shows the durability and power of our Elizabethan heritage in shaping a special law of poor families; the very venerability of this heritage suggests that it must play an important social role.

Politicizing The End Of Life: Lessons From The Schiavo Controversy, Barbara A. Noah

Faculty Scholarship

The case of Theresa Marie Schiavo raises challenging legal and ethical issues, although the events of the case are not entirely novel. It is a well-settled principle under Florida law that individuals have a right to refuse life-sustaining medical treatment. After years of litigation, numerous courts have confirmed that removal of life support is legally appropriate under the facts of this case. Nevertheless, six days after Theresa's feeding tube was removed, the Florida legislature
opted to intervene in the final judicial decision by granting the Governor the authority to overrule the court's decision and to order the tube reinserted. These …

African American Mothers & Daughters: Socialization, Distance, & Conflict, Kaavonia Hinton

Teaching & Learning Faculty Publications

The black women's literary tradition began in a conscious effort to create a space for black women's writing and to illustrate a distinction between black women's reality and the realities of others (Christian 348–359). The literature within the tradition is influenced by how black women perceive themselves and the world around them. As a result, identity is an important part of African-American women's literature (Hooper 74–81). Race, class, gender, and sexuality are all components of one's identity and are critical in the formation of one's lived experiences (Crenshaw 357–383). Family, from its structure to the function of specific members within …

Higher Education And Field Training Program Performance: Is There A Relationship?, Gary Sallenbach

Graduate Student Dissertations, Theses, Capstones, and Portfolios

This study explores the relationship between college education and field training performance of police officers in a field training program. The field training files of 90 police officers hired by the Palm Beach Police Department between 1986 and 2001 were examined. Scores were averaged over a 3 day period at the midpoint and conclusion of the program. Although mean scores indicated that persons with four year college degrees scored slightly better than those with high school or two year degrees in four out of five behavioral categories (when controlling for previous police and military experience), statistical significance could not be …

Economic Reforms And Productivity-Enhancing Reallocation In The Post-Soviet Transition, J. David Brown, John S. Earle

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

How do economic reforms affect resource reallocation processes and their contributions to productivity growth? This paper studies the consequences of enterprise privatization and liberalization of product markets, labour markets, and imports in the former Soviet Republics of Russia and Ukraine. Analyzing interfirm reallocation of output, labour, capital, and an input index with annual industrial census data from 1985 to 2001, we find that Soviet Russia displayed low reallocation rates that bore little relationship to relative labour and multifactor productivity across firms. Since reforms began, resource flows have increased in both countries, and their contributions to aggregate productivity growth have become …

Selected Research And Writings On Instruction For Music Librarians: An Annotated Bibliography, Michael J. Duffy Iv

Faculty Articles, Papers, and Other Scholarship

This is a classified annotated bibliography of selected writings on library instruction for music librarians. Works cited include books and articles about instruction in music libraries, other course-related or course-integrated library instruction, assessment, learning theory, students, bibliographies, and Web resources.

The New Technology Transfer Block Exemption: A Welcome Reform, After All, Maurits Dolmans, Anu Bradford

Faculty Scholarship

This article discusses the most important changes introduced at the final stage of the Commission's review of the technology transfer block exemption regulation (“TTBER"), and examines the benefits and the challenges of the new regulatory framework for technology licensing.

The new TTBER represents a significant improvement over the Commission's draft TTBER, published in October 2003. Most importantly, the Commission agreed to revise the list of hardcore restrictions between competitors, which was over-inclusive and had the potential to seriously hinder technology licensing in horizontal agreements. In addition, the list of hardcore restrictions between non-competitors and the interpretation of "know-how'' (and thus …

For Better Or For Worse: Default Effects And 401(K) Savings Behavior, James J. Choi, David Laibson, Brigitte C. Madrian, Andrew Metrick

Faculty Publications

Seemingly minor changes in the way a choice is framed to a decision maker can generate dramatic changes in behavior. Automatic enrollment provides a clear example of such effects. Under automatic enrollment (also called negative election), employees are automatically enrolled in their company’s 401(k) plan unless the employees elect to opt out of the plan. This contrasts with the usual arrangement in which employees must actively choose to participate in their employer’s 401(k).