Digital Commons Network^™

Saru, A Sara Homolog, Is Repressed By Sart And Regulates Virulence Genes In Staphylococcus Aureus, Adhar C. Manna, Ambrose L. Cheung

Dartmouth Scholarship

In searching the Staphylococcus aureus genome, we previously identified sarT, a homolog of sarA, which encodes a repressor for alpha-hemolysin synthesis. Adjacent but transcribed divergently to sarT is sarU, which encodes a 247-residue polypeptide, almost twice the length of SarA. Sequence alignment disclosed that SarU, like SarS, which is another SarA homolog, could be envisioned as a molecule with two halves, with each half being homologous to SarA. SarU, as a member of the SarA family proteins, disclosed conservation of basic residues within the helix-turn-helix motif and within the beta hairpin loop, two putative DNA binding domains within this protein …

Nova Quarterly: The University Of Texas At El Paso, The University Of Texas At El Paso University Communications

NOVA

Winter 2003, Vol. 41, No. 4; No. 156

A Day in the Life

State Mandated Prenatal Human Immunodeficiency Virus Screening At A Large Community Hospital, William Cusick, Julie G. Stewart, Michael Parry, Gavin Mcleod, Gerald Rakos, Chris Sullivan, John Rodis

Nursing Faculty Publications

Purpose: To describe the initial experience of state mandated prenatal HIV screening at a large community hospital.
Methods: HIV screening was provided to all pregnant women as of October 1, 1999. All HIV-positive women identified received aggressive antiretroviral therapy to reduce the likelihood for vertical transmission. Neonates were screened for HIV at zero, six, and 12 months of age.
Results: Seven pregnant women (0.3%) and two additional family members tested positive for HIV. All seven infants born to the identified HIV-positive women have tested negative for infection. We estimated that six of nine cases of HIV infection identified would have …

Evaluation Of Hiv Transmission Knowledge And Prevention Behavior Among Migrant Workers In Montana, Angela D. Mccall

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

No abstract provided.

An Exploratory Study Of The Relationship Between Decentralization And Health System Performance., Fang Sun

All ETDs from UAB

No abstract provided.

The Informed Consent Process And Its Effect On Minority Participation In Cancer -Related Research., Leah Raynell Alexander

All ETDs from UAB

No abstract provided.

Policy Choices And Model Acts: Preparing For The Next Public Health Emergency, Ken Wing

Faculty Articles

This article explores policy choices and model acts related to public health administration in the U.S. This article provides information of the general public or state policymakers concerning important policy choices, variation of the pre-existing legal structure in each state, and the principles of separation of powers in limiting legislature's ability to delegate legislative-type decisions.

Holding Fast To The Path Of Peace: Storytelling And Painting Inspired By Hopi Prophecy, Vicky Feather Sherman

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

No abstract provided.

Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia In A Multi-Hospital System: Differences In Microbiology By Location, Hilary M. Babcock, Jeanne E. Zack, Teresa Garrison, Ellen Trovillion, Marin H. Kollef, Victoria J. Fraser

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

One Word Can Make All The Difference: An Examination Of The Third Circuit's Handling Of Health Care Insurance Policy Exclusion Clauses For Pre-Existing Conditions, Christina M. Finello

Villanova Law Review (1956 - )

No abstract provided.

Modulation Of Cellular Activation And Signal Transduction In Mast Cells By Mycoplasma Pneumoniae., Kristen Lynn Hoek

All ETDs from UAB

No abstract provided.

Polymeric Microparticulate Systems For Cytokine Delivery And Immunotherapy., Tommy T. Thomas

All ETDs from UAB

No abstract provided.

Discovery Of Peptides That Bind To Bacillus Anthracis Spores., David Dakin Williams

All ETDs from UAB

No abstract provided.

Medical Confidentiality And Disclosure Of Paternity, Janet Leach Richards, Sheryl Wolf

South Dakota Law Review

No abstract provided.

Chronic Ethanol Consumption Inhibits Multiple Apoptotic Pathways In The Rat Pancreatic Acinar Cell, Franco Fortunato

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Multiple lines of experimental evidence demonstrate that chronic alcoholconsumption causes mitochondrial injury, as well as acinar cell oxidative and metabolicstress. Alcoholics are more susceptible to acute and chronic pancreatitis. Despite alcoholrelatedacinar cell injury, apoptosis, or programmed cell death, appears to be reduced inacinar cells rather than increased, as is seen in the liver.This work describes the possible mechanisms through which alcohol affects theacinar cell apoptosis pathways in the rat pancreas. Two apoptotic pathways wereinvestigated: (1) receptor-mediated apoptosis via Fas/FasL and caspase-8, and (2)mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis via Bcl-2/Bax and caspase-9. Both pathways canactivate the final apoptosis executer caspase-3. Using the Lieber-DeCarli alcohol/controldiet, …

Ecological Implications Of Bovine Tuberculosis In African Buffalo Herds, A. Caron, P. C. Cross, Johan T. Du Toit

Wildland Resources Faculty Publications

Following the recent invasion of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) into the Kruger National Park, South Africa, we conducted a study on the maintenance host, African buffalo, to investigate associations between BTB prevalence and calf:cow ratio, age structure, body condition, and endoparasite load. Statistical analyses compared herds of zero, medium (1–40%), and high (>40%) BTB prevalence. To control for ecological variation across the park we collected data in northern, central, and southern regions and restricted some analyses to particular regions of the park. Body condition declined over the course of the 2001 dry season, and buffaloes in the southern region of …

Mosquitoes, West Nile Virus, Attractants, Competition, Environmental Conditions, And Insecticide Resistance, Alan Bradley Wells

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations (1964–2006)

The six main objectives of this project were: 1) test for levels of West Nile Virus in mosquitoes collected at a Fulton County Recreational Facility, 2) assay various mosquito oviposition attractants on West Nile virus positive female mosquitoes, 3) test effects of distance between mosquito infusion attractants, 4) determine effects of study site location, treatment, and competition distances on mosquito collections, 5) test for any correlation between environmental factors and mosquito abundance, and 6) measure levels of enzymatic insecticide resistance present in species of female mosquitoes that tested positive for the presence of West Nile Virus. Ofthe two species that …

The Role Of Acute Normovolaemic Haemodilution In Gastro-Intestinal Surgery, Grant Sanders

Other Faculty of Health Theses

Background: Allogeneic transfusion confers a risk to the recipient and the recent introduction of leucocyte depleted blood has increased cost pressure on health resources. Colorectal surgery is a high blood usage field with 43% of all patients in our unit being transfused, over a three year period. Patient perceptions: Despite the risks associated with transfusion, a majority of patients are willing to have an allogeneic transfusion (85%) and think it is safe (89%), which may have implications in the uptake of alternatives available. The effect of bowel preparation Picolax bowel preparation causes significant dehydrating effects which may impair acute normovolaemic …

Antipyretic, Parasitologic, And Immunologic Effects Of Combining Sulfadoxine/Pyrimethamine With Chloroquine Or Paracetamol For Treating Uncomplicated Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria, E. Hugosson, D. Tarimo, M. Troye-Blomberg, S.M. Montgomery, Zul Premji, A. Bjorkman

Pathology, East Africa

Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (SP) is increasingly used against malaria in sub-Saharan Africa because of chloroquine resistance. However, chloroquine may have a beneficial antipyretic effect. We therefore compared the combination of SP plus chloroquine, chloroquine alone, SP alone, and SP plus paracetamol in the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in 175 Tanzanian children (1-4 years old) in a randomized trial. Outcome variables were axillary temperatures every six hours, daily parasitemias, and serum levels of IgG antibodies to P. falciparum. Lower mean temperatures (6-48 hours) were achieved with SP plus chloroquine or paracetamol than with SP alone (P < 0.001) or chloroquine alone (P < 0.05). All three SP-treated groups showed high and similar parasite reduction (0-48 hours), whereas treatment with chloroquine alone was much less effective. Levels of IgG antibodies to P. falciparum increased significantly (P < 0.001) and similarly in the four treatment groups between days 0, 2. and 3. Thus, the addition of chloroquine or paracetamol to SP improved the clinical outcome, but did not affect the parasitologic response or antibody production.

Integrated Arthropod Pest Management Systems For Human Health Improvement In Africa, Johann Baumgärtner, Fritz Schulthess, Yunlong Xia

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

In a sub-Saharan African context, limited natural resources, infectious diseases, including those transmitted by arthropod vectors, and chronic exposure to food contaminated with mycotoxin-producing fungi which, among others, are vectored by insects, are among the major constraints to human health. Thus, pest control should be an important component in human health improvement projects. It appears that the advantages of preventive over curative methods are rarely recognised in Africa, with more emphasis being given to the search for the 'silver bullet' than to integrated control approaches. Integrated pest management (IPM) systems can be assigned to different decision-making levels as well as …

The Politics Of Public Health: A Response To Epstein, Lawrence O. Gostin, Maxwell Gregg Bloche

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

Conservatives are taking aim at the field of public health, targeting its efforts to understand and control environmental and social causes of disease. Richard Epstein and others contend that these efforts in fact undermine people’s health and well-being by eroding people’s incentives to create economic value. Public health, they argue, should stick to its traditional task—the struggle against infectious diseases. Because markets are not up to the task of controlling the transmission of infectious disease, Epstein says, coercive government action is required. But market incentives, not state action, he asserts, represent our best hope for controlling the chronic illnesses that …

Rogue Science, Maxwell Gregg Bloche

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

This review essay considers the tension between the evidence-driven vision of science's mission and the fears of malicious use and terrible consequences that have come to the fore since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. These fears have led some to call for government restrictions on the substance of scientific research and communication. In general, this approach is likely to do far more harm than good. But scientists need to take the problem of social consequences more seriously than they have so far. The author argues in this essay that in some circumstances, when rogue use of science can …

Complementary Medicine: Healthcare Provider's Perceptions And Practices, Kathryn Anne Mills

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

No abstract provided.

Antifungal Susceptibility Survey Of 2,000 Bloodstream Candida Isolates In The United States, Luis Ostrosky-Zeichner, John H. Rex, Peter G. Pappas, Richard J. Hamill, Robert A. Larsen, Harold W. Horowitz, William G. Powderly, Newton Hyslop, Carol A. Kauffman, John Cleary, Julie E. Mangino, Jeannette Lee

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

The Evolution Of Human Life Expectancy And Intelligence In Hunter-Gatherer Economies, Hillard Kaplan

ESI Publications

The economics of hunting and gathering must have driven the biological evolution of human characteristics, since hunter-gatherer societies prevailed for the two million years of human history. These societies feature huge intergenerational resource flows, suggesting that these resource flows should replace fertility as the key demographic consideration. It is then theoretically expected that life expectancy and brain size would increase simultaneously, as apparently occurred during our evolutionary history. The brain here is considered as a direct form of bodily investment, but also crucially as facilitating further indirect investment by means of learning-by-doing.

World Agriculture Trade In Purgatory: The Uruguay Round Agriculture Agreement And Its Implications For The Doha Round, Raj Bhala

North Dakota Law Review

No abstract provided.

Using The Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (Meps) To Assess Antibiotic Utilization In Acute Respiratory Tract Infections, Muhammed S. Al-Sultan

Open Access Dissertations

Background: Respiratory tract infections (RTls) are considered to be the primary reason for prescribing antibiotics in community practice, accounting for 75% of prescribed antibiotics. Only some of these conditions, acute non pneumonic RTls (ARTls), are the focus of this dissertation. ARTls include acute cases of nasopharyngitis (common cold), sinusitis, pharyngitis (sore throat), laryngitis, and bronchitis. These conditions are, in many cases, caused by a virus and they usually resolve naturally without the use of any medication.

Objectives: Many studies have demonstrated the inappropriate overutilization of antibiotics in certain ARTls. This practice may be associated with high unnecessary costs …

Life Experiences Of Cambodian-American Refugee Women: Segmented Life Stories, Jane A. Mccool

Open Access Dissertations

Of the estimated 50 million international refugees and displaced persons (U.S. Committee for Refugees, 2003), 80% are mothers with children (Women's Commission for Refugee Women and Children, 2003). There is a paucity of research that explores refugee experiences with organized violence and healing following such events. Available research typically addresses acts of domination and oppression rather than life stories of individuals. Individual health and healing responses are ordinarily examined through the lens of psychotraumatology. A socialized view proposes that exposure to trauma is not a private experience and that the refugee experience of organized violence, the flight to safety, and …

Physical Activity Perceptions In Adolescents: A Qualitative Analysis., Lindsey M. Parker

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this research was to investigate adolescent perceptions of overweight and physical activity. Focus groups were used to collect information. Eight age- and gender- specific focus groups consisting of 48 participants (10 middle school males, 10 middle school females, 15 high school males, and 13 high school females). Perceptions of overweight, benefits, barriers and facilitators to being physically active were gathered among the groups and compared using age and gender. Males and females were found to differ in their overweight perceptions, perceived benefits of physical activity, their activity preferences, and barriers to physical activity. High school aged adolescents …

Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations Of Two Common Food Phenolic Compounds And Their Effect On The Microbial Ecology Of Swine Feces In Vitro, Jennifer I. Zaffarano

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Feeding sub-therapeutic levels of antibiotics to livestock has been associated withdevelopment and spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria. The present experiment was conductedto investigate the effect of antibiotic alternatives (caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and carbadox)on the microbial ecology of swine feces in vitro.Minimum inhibitory concentrations of caffeic and chlorogenic acids were determined forseveral pathogens using macrobroth and agar dilution techniques. Gram-negative bacteria werenot inhibited. Caffeic acid inhibited four Staphylococcus aureus strains at 200 ppm or less, andtwo Clostridium perfringens strains at 300 ppm. Chlorogenic acid inhibited all S. aureus strainsat 500 ppm, and one C. perfringens strain at 400 ppm.Effects of …