Digital Commons Network^™

Predicting Cognitive Capacity From Natural History: Examples From Four Species Of Corvids, Russell P. Balda, Alan Kamil, Peter A. Bednekoff

Papers in Behavior in Biological Sciences

Birds have been studied for centuries because they are numerous, conspicuous, and aesthetically pleasing to humans. Despite their overall regard for birds, historically, many ornithologists have considered birds as instinct-driven organisms of little intellectual capacity. For example, the ornithological textbook of choice from the 1960s states the following view of avian intelligence:

Flight has proven to be an enormously successful evolutionary venture, but one that has cost birds dearly in mental development. In effect, problems merely by flying away from them. … As a consequence, much [avian] behavior is, by mammalian standards, fragmentary, stereotyped, and at times amazingly stupid. (Welty, …

Visual Search For Natural Grains In Pigeons (Columba Livia) : Search Images And Selective Attention, Cynthia M. Langley, Donald A. Riley, Alan B. Bond, Namni Goel

Papers in Behavior in Biological Sciences

The experiments reported here were designed to test the suggestion of many researchers that selective attention to visual features of a prey can account for search-image effects. In 3 experiments pigeons ate wheat and vetch grains presented on multicolored and gray gravel trays. In Experiment 1 search-image effects were evident when grains were cryptic but not when they were conspicuous. Experiment 2 demonstrated that search images can be activated when the grains encountered are either cryptic or conspicuous but that search images affect search performance only when the grains are cryptic. Experiment 3 demonstrated that search images are short-term in …

The Phylogenetic Distribution Of A Female Preference, Alexandra Basolo

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Robust phylogenetic information can be instrumental to the study of the evolution of female mating preferences and preferred male traits. In this paper, the evolution of a preexisting female bias favoring a sword in male swordtail fish and the evolution of the sword, a complex character, are used to demonstrate how the evolution of mating preferences and preferred traits can be examined in a phylogenetic context. Phylogenetic information suggests that a preference for a sword arose prior to the evolution of the sword in the genus Xiphophorus and that the sword was adaptive at its origin. A phylogenetic approach to …

Movement Of Crop Transgenes Into Wild Plants, Kathleen H. Keeler, Charles E. Turner, Margaret R. Bolick

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Despite the great potential and increasing importance of other weed control options (Turner et al. 1992) and unwanted environmental side effects of some herbicides, herbicides constitute a very important means of weed control. The escape of herbicide resistance genes to wild, weedy plants could cause more severe weed problems, and presents a very real threat to the efficacy of herbicides as a weed control option. Therefore, management strategies that prevent, or reduce the likelihood and frequency of HRG escape through containment methods are advisable, as are mitigation plans in the event of HRG escape to wild plants.

Pattern And Duration Of Copulation In Wolf Spiders (Araneae, Lycosidae), Gail E. Stratton, Eileen Hebets, Patricia R. Miller, Gary L. Miller

Eileen Hebets Publications

The temporal patterns of insertion of male palps, expansion of the hematodocha and duration of copulation are reported for 10 species of Schizocosa Chamberlin 1904, three species of Rabidosa Roewer 1955, one species of Gladicosa Brady 1986, one species of Hogna Simon 1885, two species of Isohogna Roewer 1960, one species of Trochosa C.L. Koch 1848, one species of Geolycosa Montgomery 1904, two species of Arctosn C.L. Koch 1848, three species of Alopecosa Simon 1885 and six species of Pardosa C.L. Koch 1847. In all species of Schizocosa examined so far, males showed a pattern composed of a series of …

Birds Of The Cedar Point Biological Station Area, Keith And Garden Counties, Nebraska: Seasonal Occurrence And Breeding Data, Charles R. Brown, Mary Bomberger Brown, Paul A. Johnsgard, Josef Kren, William C. Scharf

Papers in Ornithology

The North Platte River valley (elev. ca 3300 ft/990 m) in Garden and Keith counties, Nebraska, has an avifauna of 305 species, the richest known north of Texas in the Great Plains. More than 25 years of observations, mist-netting, banding, and breeding-bird surveys by the authors and others have revealed 104 breeding, 17 probably breeding, and 184 transient, casual, and accidental species. Hybridization of eastern with western species is evidenced by intermediates between Rose-breasted and Black-headed grosbeaks, Indigo and Lazuli buntings, Eastern and Spotted towhees, Baltimore and Bullock’s orioles, and yellow- and red-shafted morphs of Northern Flicker; Eastern and Western …

Carmine-Propionic Acid Stain For Elucidation Of Fine Cellular Structure In Nematodes, Alexander V. Khrustalev, Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Carmine-propionic acid staining was found to enhance the elucidation of cellular membranes in the esophagus and genital tract and the structure of sperm in strongylate nematodes. This regressive staining technique may also have general utility for differentiation of cellular membranes and nuclear structure in other taxa of parasitic helminths.

Emended Description Of Mazamastrongylus Peruvianus (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae) With Comments On The Relationships Of The Genera Mazamastrongylus And Spiculopteragia, Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Resurrection of Mazamastrongylus as proposed by Jansen (1986) was validated and placement of Mazamastrongylus peruvianus in this genus was confirmed, based on characters of the synlophe, copulatory bursa, and spicules. The cervical synlophe consists of a strongly tapering pattern and prominent "hood ridges" at the level of the excretory pore; there are 40 ridges at the midbody of males. The bursa is of the 2-2-1 type, with rays 2 and 3 parallel and rays 4 and 5 of near equal length and only slightly divergent at the tips. The spoon-shaped dorsal process of the spicules, typical of M. peruvianus and …

Field Parasitology Techniques For Use With Mammals, Scott Lyell Gardner

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Obtaining parasites from mammals that are collected during surveys or bioinventories is time-consuming, and in the past such collections have rarely been made. Parasites and other symbionts are important components of the biology of the host, however, and must be sampled for a complete picture of its ecology and other aspects of its life history. For example, work on parasite diversity and biogeography of mammals in Bolivia (Gardner and Duszynski 1990; Gardner 1991: Gardner et al. 1991; Gardner and Campbell 1992a, 1992b) could not have been accomplished without proper collections of the parasite and symbiont fauna of the hosts.

Many …

Técnicas De Parasitología De Practicas De Campo Para El Uso Durante La Investigación De Mamíferos, Scott Lyell Gardner

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

First paragraph of the introduction:

La obtención de parásitos de mamíferos que son colectados durante las investigaciones o bio-inventarios toma mucho tiempo; y en el pasado, estas colectas ráramente se realizaban. De cualquier forma, los parásitos y otros simbiotas forman un componente importante de las características biologicas y ecologicas de los hospederos y deben ser muestreados. Por ejemplo, trabajos recientes en la diversidad parasitaria y la biogeografía en mamíferos de Bolivia por Gardner y Duszynski (1990), Gardner (1991), y Gardner y Campbell (1992 a,b) no hubiera popdido realizarse sin el trabajo de colección apropiado de la fauna parasitaria/simbiótica de los …

Faunal Diversity Among Avian Parasite Assemblages: The Interaction Of History, Ecology, And Biogeography In Marine Systems, Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Systematics and parasite biodiversity provide power and predictability in broad studies of history, ecology and biogeography in marine systems. Parasitic helminths are elegant markers of contemporary and historical ecological relationships, geographic distribution and host-phylogeny. Complex life cycles of helminths are strongly correlated with intricate food-webs. Dependence on a series of intermediate, paratenic, and definitive hosts indicates that each parasite species represents an array of organisms within a community and tracks broadly and predictably across many trophic levels. Host and geographic ranges of parasites are historically constrained by genealogical and ecological associations, and these determinents interact resulting in characteristic parasite community …

Crow Cries, Erin Hasley, Fleet Library, Special Collections, Jan Baker

Animals

This book was created for Jan Baker's artists' book class.

The Spider And The Fly, Matthew Palin, Fleet Library, Special Collections, Jan Baker

Animals

This book was created for Jan Baker's artists' book class.

Analytical Perspectives On A Protohistoric Cache Of Ceramic Jars From The Lower Colorado Desert, James M. Bayman, Richard H. Hevly, Boma Johnson, Karl J. Reinhard, Richard Ryan

Karl Reinhard Publications

A cache of hermetically sealed ceramic jars found in the Lower Colorado Desert was examined using chronometric dating, pollen and macrofossil extraction, design analysis, and water retention experimentation. The cache apparently dates to the protohistoricfifteenth through seventeenth centuries. Findings from these studies contribute to knowledge in four problem areas: (1) ceramic jar function and use-history; (2) storage technology and caching behavior; (3) ceramic dating and chronology; and (4) symbolic iconography. Biotic remains from inside the jars document their use for transporting a variety of riverine and desert plants, before they were finally filled with flowers and seeds, and placed in …

The Synlophe And Other Structural Characteristics Of Sarwaria Bubalis (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea) From Cattle In Guyana, J. Ralph Lichtenfels, Eric P. Hoberg, Patricia A. Pilitt, T. M. Craig

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The synlophe (longitudinal, surface cuticular ridges) of Sarwaria bubalis is described for the first time. It is a tapering lateral synlophe of about 40 ridges. The synlophe of S. bubalis is similar to that of Ostertagia ostertagi but markedly different from that of species of Spiculopteragia and Mazamastrongylus. New information is provided also on the structure of the esophagus and perivulval pores. The esophageal valve is more than twice as long as wide. The bilateral perivulval pores were located 192-267 μm posterior to the vulva and dorsal to the lateral lines. The new information will be useful in a …

Semiochemistry Of Cabbage Bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Eurydema And Murgada, Jeffrey R. Aldrich, James W. Avery, Chang-Joo Lee, Jennifer C. Graf, Dawn J. Harrison, Ferdinando Bin

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The semiochemistry of the common North American pest of crucifers, Murgantia histrionica (Hahn) (the harlequin bug), and two related European species, Eurydema ventrale L. and E. oleraceum L., was investigated.

“Introduction” To Perspectives On Anxiety, Fear, And Panic, Debra Hope

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

In recent years the Nebraska Symposium on Motivation has returned explicitly to the theme of motivation. The 43d volume is no exception. In the spring of 1995, leading researchers and theorists came together in Lincoln, Nebraska, to offer their perspectives on anxiety, panic, and fear. Clearly, the theme of this year's symposium is closely tied to motivation.

Nematode Diversity Of Native Species Of Vitis In California, Luma Al-Banna, Scott Lyell Gardner

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

From 1990 through 1992, nematodes were extracted from soil samples taken from the rhizosphere of native species of grapes from four areas of northern California and two areas of southern California. For comparison, samples from domestic grapes as well as a putative hybrid of Vitis californicaand V. vinifera were also taken. Rhizosoil from California native grapevine contained many more species of nematodes than did soil obtained from cultivated forms of V. vinifera. Taxonomic and trophic diversity was much higher in nematodes from sampling sites from native grapes than in those from grapes maintained in vineyard situations. Ordination methods …

Body Size Evolution Of Oxyurid (Nematoda) Parasites: The Role Of Hosts, Serge Morand, Pierre Legendre, Scott Lyell Gardner, Jean-Pierre Hugot

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Studying the diversification of body size in a taxon of parasites allows comparison of patterns of variation observed in the parasites with patterns found in free-living organisms. The distributions of body size of oxyurid nematodes (obligate parasites of vertebrates and invertebrates) are lognormally right-skewed, except for male oxyurids in invertebrates which show left-skewed distributions. In these parasitic forms, speciose genera do not have the smallest body sizes. Parasite body size is positively correlated with host body size, the largest hosts possessing the largest parasites. This trend is shown to occur within one monophyletic group of oxyurids, those of Old World …

Relationship Between Bp (Baculovirus Penaei) Energy Reserves In Larval And Postlarval Pacific White Shrimp Penaeus Vannamei, Kenneth C. Stuck, Lidia M. Stuck, Robin M. Overstreet, Shiao Y. Wang

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The relationship between energy reserves of the penaeid shrimp Penaeus vannamei and Baculovirus penaei, or BP, were investigated in a series of experiments using mysis stage or early postlarval shrimp. Pre-exposure and post-exposure levels of protein and triacylgycerol (TAG) were determined. The effect of pre-exposure protein and TAG levels on susceptibility to BP infections was also investigated by starving a group of shrimp immediately prior to BP exposure. There was no consistent relationship between either pre-exposure or post-exposure protein levels and the percent of shrimp developing patent BP infections. There was, however, a significant positive correlation between TAG levels …

Culicoides Variipennis And Bluetongue-Virus Epidemiology In The United States1, Walter J. Tabachnick

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The bluetongue viruses are transmitted to ruminants in North America by Culicoides vuriipennis.US annual losses of approximately $125 million are due to restrictions on the movement of livestock and germplasm to bluetongue-free countries. Bluetongue is the most economically important arthropod-borne animal disease in the United States. Bluetongue is absent in the northeastern United States because of the inefficient vector ability there of C. variipennis for bluetongue. The vector of bluetongue virus elsewhere in the United States is C. vuriipennis sonorensis. The three C. variipennis subspecies differ in vector competence for bluetongue virus in the laboratory. Understanding C.vuriipennis genetic variation controlling …

Leptodactylus Silvanimbus (Amphibia: Anura: Leptodactylidae): Natural History Notes, Advertisement Call, And Relationships, W. Ronald Heyer, Rafael O. De Sá, James R. Mccranie, Larry David Wilson

Biology Faculty Publications

In July 1995, we visited two of the three previously known localities for Leprodactylus silvanimbus in Departamento de Ocotepeque, Honduras. We found a new breeding site for the species, recorded its advertisement call, and collected and observed its adults and larvae. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of these new findings and to comment on the relationships L. silvanimbus.

Phenolic And Lignin Concentration As An Indicator Of Resistance To Phytophthora Cinnamomi In Banksia Species, Sandra Jane Nicoski

Theses : Honours

Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands, a soilborne fungus, is regarded as one of the most devastating pathogens yet recorded in natural ecosystems. The disease, caused by P. cinnamomi, poses an enormous threat to the flora of the southwest. The Proteaceae, in particular, contribute considerably to species richness and provide the fundamental floristic structure of many south-western plant communities. The genus Banksia, a member of the Proteaceae, is very susceptible to disease caused by P. cinnamomi. Three species, namely B. attenuata, B. grandis and B. menziesii. Were established in an aeroponics system under glasshouse conditions. Trials were conducted to optimise growing conditions in …

Arbitrary Views Of High-Dimensional Space And Data, Andrew Ellerton

Theses : Honours

Computer generated images of three dimensional scenes objects are the result of parallel/perspective projections of the objects onto a two dimensional plane. The computational techniques may be extended to project n-dimensional hyperobjects onto (n-1) dimensions, for n > 3. Projection to one less dimension may be applied recursively for data of any high dimension until that data is two-dimensional, when it may be directed to a computer screen or to some other two-dimensional output device. Arbitrary specification of eye location, target location, field-of-view angles and other parameters provide flexibility, so that data may be viewed-and hence perceived-in previously unavailable ways. However, …

An Investigation Of Agency In Children's Own Narrative Writing Before And After Exposure To Counter-Sexist Texts, Jane Nolan

Theses : Honours

This research focuses on the issue of gender in education. It looks at the role counter-sexist texts play in the formation, consolidation and interruption of children's gender ideology. It initially investigates whether or not counter-sexist texts can change agency in children's writing by analysing children's own narrative writing. Then it seeks to shed light on the ways that children respond to these types of texts by using transcripts from discussion sessions.

The sample consisted of 20 students from a Western Australian state primary school. These students were randomly distributed into a control and experimental group. Each week, for a period …

Kiryas Joel And Two Mistakes About Equality , Abner S. Greene

Faculty Scholarship

In 1948, Rebbe Joel Teitelbaum founded the congregation Yetev Lev D'Satmar in Williamsburg, Brooklyn. Over the next twenty-five years, the Satmar Hasidic sect grew, and members started thinking about leaving the urban, heterogeneous setting for a place where they could live in relative isolation. In 1974, Satmar families began leaving Brooklyn for upstate New York. They purchased property in the Town of Monroe, and later, after a zoning dispute with the Town, incorporated as the Village of Kiryas Joel. As of 1990, approximately 10,000 Satmar Jews lived in or around the Village. The Satmars dress in conformance with a semiformal …

Volume Holographic Memory For Laser Threat Discrimination, Mark Lee Delong

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

The Influences Of Consumer Attitudes And Perceptions About Pesticides And Produce Quality On Technology Transfer, William Mclaren Pool

Theses

Consumers have expressed concern about the human health and environmental consequences resulting from the use of agrichemicals by growers to produce food. This paper reports the results of a 1995 survey of consumer attitudes and perceptions about pesticides and fresh fruit and vegetable quality. While there is widespread concern about the human health hazards presented by pesticide residues in food at the time of consumption, this survey population reports greater consumer concern about environmental contamination from agrichemical use. Once familiar with the process of Integrated Pest Management (IPM), the respondents of this survey indicate they would prefer to purchase fruits …

The Midwest Quarterly; Vol. 37 No. 2, David D. Cooper, Haim Gordon, Harold P. Simmonson, John Fawell, Arthur Scherr, Patrick Joseph O'Connor, Paul Christensen, Henrietta S. Goodman, George Gott, Fleda Brown Jackson, John Kennedy, Robert King, James Mersmann, Geri Rosenzweig, Judith Skillman, Katherine Soniat, James Valvis, Jeanne Murray Walker, Timothy Walsh, Ronald Wardall, Charles Cagle, Susan Carlson, Patricia De La Fuente, Marjorie Donovan, Midwest Quarterly Editors

The Midwest Quarterly: A Journal of Contemporary Thought

DAVID D. COOPER explores the generational storms that swept across university campuses in the 60s-70s and now the 80s-90s and the meaning of a liberal arts education in response to the values articulated by today's students. Associate Professor of American Thought and Language at Michigan State University, Cooper has written half-a-hundred articles on American literature and culture, literary theory, educational philosophy, psychology and religion, composition studies, literacy, and the philosophy of values. Author of Thomas Merton's Art of Denial: The Evolution of a Radical Humanist (University of Georgia Press, 1989), Cooper's next will be "Amending the Heart: An Essay on …

Digital Modeling Of Pollutants To The Narrow River Estuary, Virgil E. Carr

Open Access Dissertations

No abstract provided.