Digital Commons Network^™

°-Electron Emission In Fast Heavy Ion Atom Collisions, H. Schmidt-Böcking, U. Ramm, G. Kraft, J. Ullrich, H. Berg, C. Kelbch, Ronald E. Olson, R. (Robert) D. Dubois, S. Hagmann, F. Jiazhen

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

Biological damages such as mutations, chromosomal aberrations etc. are consequence of biochemical changes mostly in the DNA /1/. With ionizing radiation, these chemical changes are due to primary ionization events and secondary ionization effects caused by the primarily produced electrons. Differences in the biological response of densely ionizing radiation, like heavy charged particles, in comparison to sparsely ionizing radiation, such as X- or γ-rays, are mainly due to the differences in the productions of the so called δ-electrons. Therefore, the emission process of electrons i.e., the cross section for the primary ionization event as well as the energy and angular …

Homogeneous Nucleation Of Liquid From The Vapor Phase In An Expansion Cloud Chamber, John L. Schmitt

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

A Wilson expansion cloud chamber has been used to measure the homogeneous vapor-to-liquid nucleation of several materials over the past decade. These data, representing nucleation rate as a function of temperature and supersaturation ratio for toluene, nonane, and water measured in our center, have been re-examined and are presented both in graphical form and as a table of selected data points. The latter is included for ease of comparison with theory. Measurements of the binary homogeneous nucleation of ethanol-water (E-W) mixtures are also presented. The expansion chamber experimental technique and data reduction technique are discussed.

Dynamic Mechanisms Of He Single Ionization By Fast Proton Impact, A. Gensmantel, J. Ullrich, R. Dörner, Ronald E. Olson, K. Ullmann, E. Forberich, S. Lencinas, H. Schmidt-Böcking

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

Triple-differential ionization cross sections 3 pdcphipdprec, the momentum distributions of singly charged recoil ions transverse to the beam direction as a function of the projectile polar (p), and azimuthal (cphip) scattering angle were measured in order to elucidate the dynamics of 3-MeV H+ on He single ionization. For projectile polar deflections 0.2 p1 mrad and azimuthal scattering angles 0°cphip360°, the kinematic regimes where two-body interactions dominate the three-body momentum exchange of the single-ionization reaction were separated experimentally. © 1992 The American Physical Society.

Plasma As A High-Charge-State Projectile Stripping Medium, G. D. Alton, R. A. Sparrow, Ronald E. Olson

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

The classical trajectory Monte Carlo model has been used to computationally study the charge-state distributions that result from interactions between a high-energy, multielectron projectile and neutral and fully ionized targets. These studies are designed to determine the properties of a plasma for producing highly stripped ions as a possible alternative to gas and foil strippers that are commonly used to enhance the charge states of energetic ion beams. The results of these studies clearly show that a low-atomic-number, highly ionized plasma can yield higher charge states than a neutral target of the same density. The effect is principally attributable to …

Differential Cross Sections For State-Selective Electron Capture In 25100-Kev Proton-Helium Collisions, D. R. Schultz, C. O. Reinhold, Ronald E. Olson, D. G. Seely

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

Cross sections differential in the scattering angle of the projectile are presented for electron capture summed over all states and to the 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, and 4p states of hydrogen in 25-, 50-, and 100-keV proton-helium collisions. The classical-trajectory Monte Carlo (CTMC) technique was employed for these calculations as well as to compute total cross sections as a function of impact energy. The latter are compared with experiment to display the behavior of the integral state-selective cross sections in this energy regime. Detailed comparison is also made between the calculated angular differential cross sections and the experimental measurements …

Classical Calculation Of High-Energy Electron Capture In 5-Mev Proton-Hydrogen Collisions, D. R. Schultz, C. O. Reinhold, Ronald E. Olson

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

The existence of the classical Thomas peak in the angular distribution of projectiles undergoing capture in collisions of 5-MeV protons with atomic hydrogen is explored using the three-body, three-dimensional classical-trajectory Monte Carlo technique. A method that selects only that portion of the initial phase space which yields capture at this energy was developed to make the calculation tractable due to the extremely small cross section. The spectrum obtained displays only a small shoulder near the angle predicted by Thomas on the basis of successive classical binary collisions and the total (integral) cross section is overestimated by a factor of 26 …

Extension Of Vlasov’S Semi-Membrane Theory To Reinforced Composite Shells, Victor Birman

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Governing equations for the statics and dynamics of reinforced composite shells are developed based on Vlasov's semi-membrane shell theory. These equations have closed-form solutions illustrated for buckling and free vibration problems. The buckling solution converges to the known result for unstiffened isotropic shells. © 1992 by ASME.

Machining Of Composite Materials. Part I: Traditional Methods, Serge Abrate, D. A. Walton

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Composite materials are more difficult to machine than metals mainly because they are anisotropic, non-homogeneous and their reinforcing fibers are very abrasive. During machining, defects are introduced into the workpiece, and tools wear rapidly. Traditional machining techniques such as drilling or sawing can be used with proper tool design and operating conditions. A review of traditional machining methods applied to organic and metal matrix composites is presented in this article. The use of non-traditional machining methods such as waterjet, laser and ultrasonic machining will be discussed in the second part. © 1992.

Effect Of Temperature On The Ultimate Strength And Modulus Of Whisker‐Reinforced Ceramics, Douglas R. Carroll, Lokeswarappa R. Dharani

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Whiskers are a very attractive means of reinforcing a ceramic material. It has been shown that the whiskers dramatically improve the ultimate strength and modulus of the materials at room temperature. However, recent studies indicate that at high temperatures the improvement is less pronounced, or there is no improvement at all. In this paper a model is developed to explain why the properties are degraded at high temperature. The parameters which seem most important for high‐temperature performance are the coefficients of thermal expansion and Poisson's ratios for the constituents, the heat treatment temperature, and the coefficient of friction between the …

Analysis Of Shear Bands In Simple Shearing Deformations Of Nonpolar And Dipolar Viscoplastic Materials, R. C. Batra

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

During the past few years, we have studied numerically the initiation and growth of shear bands in nonpolar and dipolar viscoplastic materials being deformed in simple shear, and in nonpolar materials undergoing plane strain deformations. We summarize here our work for the former problem. © 1992 American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

Psychological Factors Related To The Rehabilitation Of Athletic Injuries: A Literature Review, University Of Northern Iowa

Graduate Research Papers

The purpose of the study was to review the literature on the subject of psychological factors related to the rehabilitation of injured athletes. The study attempted to answer questions concerning athletes' perceptions of injuries, experiences with grief response to injury, self-blame, irrational thinking, and alienation. The issues of stress and levels of self-esteem were also discussed in the review.

Research into the literature revealed that athletes may experience many psychological problems and barriers during recovery from sports injuries. Grief was found to be a very natural and healthy aspect of injury rehabilitation. Feelings of guilt, fear, lowered self-esteem, and alienation …

Report, Natural Hazards And The Elderly, 1992, Graham A. Tobin, Jane C. Ollenburger

Natural Hazards Center Collection

"The goal of the research is to produce an explanatory model of how older adults cope with hazardous events through an analysis of behavior patterns and attitudes. Of particular concern are changes in the mental and physical health of older adults, responses and attitudes towards hazard warning systems, and propensities to utilize support services such as federal relief programs."

Theory And Research In Social Education, Volume 20, No. 2, Spring 1992, Jack R. Fraenkel

Theory and Research in Social Education

No abstract provided.

Theory And Research In Social Education, Volume 20, No. 4, Fall 1992, Jack R. Fraenkel

Theory and Research in Social Education

No abstract provided.

Theory And Research In Social Education, Volume 20, No. 3, Summer 1992, Jack R. Fraenkel

Theory and Research in Social Education

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Cooperative Learning On Student Social Attitudes, Mary Hampton

Graduate Research Papers

The effects of cooperative learning on student social attitudes was investigated in two parts. The first part presented a literature review which focused on the effect cooperative learning has had on social acceptance among various ethnic groups in culturally diverse classrooms and on mainstreamed mentally handicapped students. The results showed that, in general, cooperative learning as an instructional strategy does have positive effects on the formation of cross-racial friendships, increases the acceptance of differences among ethnically diverse students, and promotes positive attitudes among normal-progress students and those who have been mainstreamed due to handicaps. The second part was an investigation …

Meeting State Mandates For Gifted And Talented : A Survey Of Iowa Undergraduate Teacher Preparation Programs, Judy Carol Davison

Graduate Research Papers

The purpose of this study was to identify the methods through which undergraduate teacher education programs in the State of Iowa are meeting the competency requirement as related to the education of the gifted and talented. The instrument used to accomplish the assessment was a survey questionnaire that was distributed to each of the 30 Iowa colleges and universities that offer teacher preparation programs.

Voice Technologies In Advanced Computer Systems, Jodie M. Cone

Graduate Research Papers

Recently there has been a surge of interest using voice technologies in advanced workstations. The motivation for voice is its role as the primary channel of human-to-human communication, which ties in with current research in which computers are used to facilitate group problem solving, in enhanced user interfaces, and office computing. Taken broadly, the use of speech as a command and data channel may require digital recording and playback techniques, speech recognition, text-to-speech synthesis, and telephone interface equipment. The big payoff will be to build systems, using these technologies, to allow computers to become a part of the infrastructure of …

Spelling And Whole Language, Rosemary C. Geiken

Graduate Research Papers

A current trend in language arts programs in elementary schools is the shift from skills-based instruction to a focus on emergent literacy and whole language (Watson, 1988). Teachers are setting aside textbooks and are involving children in language activities that are functional and purposeful to them (Goodman, 1986). Nowhere is this instructional trend more obvious than in the area of writing. It is viewed as a recursive process in creating meaning (Graves & Stuart, 1985; Calkins, 1986).

Portfolio Assessment In Kindergarten, Deanna J. Berry

Graduate Research Papers

The purpose of this paper is to explore the use of portfolios with emergent writers in kindergarten as an alternative method assessing and reporting student progress. Professional literature describing emergent writers and nurturing language arts programs, offering a rationale for portfolios as a means of writing assessment, explaining the implementation of portfolios in the classroom, and suggesting the role of portfolios in reporting to parents will be presented.

The Relationship Of Attitudes Between Advisors In Advisory Roles And Advisees Of These Advisors, Kathy J. Dvorak

Graduate Research Papers

An advisor-advisee program ls one of many fundamental concepts operating in an effective middle school. To develop a successful advisor-advisee program, schools must seriously train teachers for their role as an advisor. The purpose of this study was to determine if there was a relationship between staff and students' attitudes towards an advisor-advisee program. This study included twenty-six staff members and three hundred and twenty students. Staff and students were surveyed through the use of separate survey instruments. The surveys were used to communicate their level of satisfaction toward the advisor-advisee program. Attitudes of staff as well as students were …

Influences Of The Home Environment Upon Intellectual Giftedness In Young Children, M. Lynn Keller

Graduate Research Papers

Several factors contribute to the development of intelligence in an individual. Historically, theories concerning the source of human intelligence have ranged from the notion that heredity is the only determinant of intelligence to the concept that positive environmental influences play a major role in the development of the human mind (Clark, 1988; Feldhusen, 1989a; Grinder, 1990; Sternberg & Davidson, 1986).

Extending The Literature Base Of A Science Program, Deborah A. Newton

Graduate Research Papers

The purpose of this paper is to engage in the process of extending the literature base of the science program in grade one. This activity will be supported by ideas gained from a review of professional literature. The review will discuss the value of offering literature experiences representative of the different genres and accompanying expressive activities across the curriculum, thereby, integrating the language arts and the sciences. Then the outcome of the instructional development activity will be presented in a unit on underwater life.

Facilitating Science Understandings Through Whole Language, Shirleen Larson Reinhardt

Graduate Research Papers

The purpose of this paper is to consider extending the language arts across the elementary school curriculum to the science area in order to facilitate children's growth in language abilities and in knowledge of science concepts and processes. Supporting this study will be a review of the current status of science programs in the elementary schools and the value of the whole language concept in instructional development. Based on this review, the paper will present ways that the language arts can be integrated into the science program.

The Use Of Music In Facilitating Learning In The Elementary Content Classroom, Melodee Weisbrod Reineke

Graduate Research Papers

The use of music in facilitating learning in the elementary content classroom was investigated. Music has been noted to be a part of such subjects as reading, language, science, mathematics, physical education, and art. Integrating music with these subjects was discussed. Current pilot programs include the following: Learning to Read Through the Arts (LTRTA), rap, Suggestopedia, Soviet Sleep Learning, Tomatis Method, Accelerated Learning (SALT), and background music while studying. Practical music activities for the elementary content classroom were mentioned. Much of the literature reviewed included theoretical articles, research studies and articles of application. It was concluded that more statistical research …

Strategies For Parental Identification And Effective Parenting Of The Gifted Child, Randy Richardson

Graduate Research Papers

Major studies conducted over the past twenty years have shown that parents are important educators of their children and that not even the best schools can do the Job alone (Walberg, 1984). This is true for parents of gifted children as well. The family often has been cited as one of the most important components in the translation of talent and ability into achievement for gifted children (Olszewski, Kulieka, & Buescher, 1987). Researchers in the field of gifted education generally agree on the importance the family plays in the educational and social development of gifted children (Zorman, 1982).

Time Of Day Effects On Achievement, Peggy Rick

Graduate Research Papers

The path of the educational process more closely resembles the flight of a butterfly than the flight of a bullet (Jackson, 1968). In the specific context of classroom teaching, this has been due in part to the differing conceptions of definitions of "good" teaching. In the earlier part of this century it was generally felt that teaching was an art, the belief being that "a little learning and a way with children sufficed for the teacher" (Bennett, 1917). Later this conception was strongly contested by proponents of the view that teaching was a science, the belief being that a development …

Methods For The Teaching Of Science In Grades K-8: A Case For The Constructivist Model And The Science Technology Society (Sts) Approach, Gary Sitter

Graduate Research Papers

Considerable research information on science education and/or science methodology cited by the National Science Teachers Association (NSTA), the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and other researchers (Harms and Yager, 1981; Hurd, 1986; Malecki, 1990; Mitchener and Anderson, 1989) emphasizes a crisis in science education. A majority of those with a special interest in improving science learning feel something must be done to improve the quality of science instruction that students receive. Furthermore, many offer suggestions as to what that something should be (Aldridge, 1991; Blunck and Yager, 1990; Malecki, 1990; Penick, 1986; Stefanich, 1991; Stronck, 1986; Yager, …

Multimedia And Its Effects On Different Cognitive Styles In The Mathematics Classroom, Richard G. Strike

Graduate Research Papers

Technology has provided the education world with 3 many tools to present information. Multimedia is the latest tool. Multimedia in itself is not a new concept. In the past, teachers and students have used multiple forms of media to create projects such as filmstrips, tape recordings and videos. "Today, the computer has become the conductor of the multimedia orchestra" (Epstein, 1990, p. 40).

Extending The Literature Base Of A Basal Reading Program, Jo Ellen Sturm

Graduate Research Papers

This paper will present a rationale for extending the literature base of a reading program that is mandated to be centered on a basal reader series and will discuss ways to implement literature experiences through an example unit.