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An Examination Of Collected Historical Biographies In The Ming And Qing Dynasties From The Perspective Of Article Studies, Shihai He, Lu Chen
An Examination Of Collected Historical Biographies In The Ming And Qing Dynasties From The Perspective Of Article Studies, Shihai He, Lu Chen
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Article anthologies of the Ming and Qing dynasties broke with the tradition of not excerpting writings from the Classical, Historical, and Philosophical Works. It compiled a great number of biographies that appeared in historical writings, and quite a few articles in The Commentary of Zuo, The Records of the Grand Historian, and History of the Han Dynasty. Four factors accounted for this phenomenon: the breakthrough of boundaries between the four sections; the necessity of distinguishing types or forms of literature; the elevation of narrative writings'status; the need to study eight-legged essays. Interactions among these various factors led historical biographies to …
Personality, Natural Endowment, Scholarship, And The Vicissitudes Of Time: Revisiting The Phenomenon Of "Reversion" In Wang Kaiyun's Poetics, Yafeng Li
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
"Reversion" used to be hailed as a pure "Chinese phenomenon", but its richness and complexity have not been effectively revealed yet, which has seriously affected our in-depth understanding of it. Take Wang Kaiyuan as an example. His poetics of "reversion" had profound spiritual connotation, which implied his original comprehension of poetry, his political ideal of "Entering the Holy Land through Zhuangzi" and "Self-government with Propriety"; it also presented Wang's distinct personality in his stance, method, and object regarding "reversion". The formation of such "reversion" phenomenon was both closely related to Wang's personality, talents, scholarship, as well as the vicissitudes of …
The Revival Of The Ancient In Ming-Dynasty Essays: Its Political Appeal And The Chosen Approach, Jiaqi An
The Revival Of The Ancient In Ming-Dynasty Essays: Its Political Appeal And The Chosen Approach, Jiaqi An
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
The Ming dynasty saw a surge of "the revival of the ancient" in both theory and practice of leisure essays. The revival of the ancient was both value judgment at the level of literature and cross-reference between personality traits and social changes. Essay writers who promoted the revival of the ancient fell into two groups, one comprising members of the learned societies and academies, the one including officials from ministries in the central government. The former advocated a plain style as exemplified by the Song-Dynasty prose, while the latterfavored the archaic style of the Qin and Han dynasties. The different …
A New Exploration Of The Title Of "Cheng Xiang" In Xunzi, Chaobin Zou
A New Exploration Of The Title Of "Cheng Xiang" In Xunzi, Chaobin Zou
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
The meaning of the title "Cheng Xiang" in Xunzi is controversial. Through close reading, this paper analyzes "Cheng Xiang" in Xunzi from such new angles as evolvement of literary style and cultural integration. It is found that "Cheng Xiang" in Xunzi consisted of three relatively independent articles when Xunzi originally wrote them. "Cheng Xiang" was not simply titled by using several characters in the opening passage. Instead, it was consciously named after its literary style. "Cheng Xiang" as a literary style resulted from the integration of rites and music culture in the court of the Zhou dynasty and folk ballad …
The Emergence And Development Of Poetic Treatises During The Ming Dynasty, Miaomiao Zheng
The Emergence And Development Of Poetic Treatises During The Ming Dynasty, Miaomiao Zheng
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Among literature on poetry during the Ming dynasty (1368-1644) there was poetic treatise, which focuses on theoretical and systematic expounding on the basics of poetics. This type of writing evolved through three stages of emergence, improvement and maturation. Li Dongyang's Poetry Commentaries from the Foothill Studio and Xu Zhenqing's On the Art of Poetry were two key works in the first stage. Li's work presented a gradually strengthened emphasis on the systematicity of poetry criticism, while Xu's work substantially centered on poetry criticism, marking the formation of poetic treatise. In the second stage, Wang Shizhen's Rambles in the Garden of …
Erasure And Whitewash: A Critical Analysis Of Two Non-Ecological Rhetorical Functions Of Environmental Discourse, Kuiying Zhao
Erasure And Whitewash: A Critical Analysis Of Two Non-Ecological Rhetorical Functions Of Environmental Discourse, Kuiying Zhao
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
A critical analysis of environmental discourse from the perspective of "ecological rhetorical discourse criticism" reveals that the non-ecological rhetorical function of environmental discourse is mainly demonstrated in "erasure" and "whitewash". Erasure in environmental discourse works in two directions: one is the erasure of the natural existence, while the other is the erasure of the agent. The two main rhetorical strategies to erase the agent are "passive voice" and complicated "nominalization". The rhetoric strategy to erase the natural world is mainly manifested in "objectification" and "personification", and the use of "hypernym" and "hyponym", etc. The rhetoric of whitewash is mainly euphemism, …
Confucianism, Ancient-Style Prose And Current Affairs: The History Of Chinese Ancient-Style Prose From The Perspective Of Japanese Sinology, Weizhao Chen
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
From the Tang dynasty onwards, ancient Chinese literature and literary theories have influenced the Sinophone cultural sphere, especially in East Asian countries such as Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. During the Edo and Meiji periods, conceptions of Chinese ancient style prose were also incorporated into the framework of Japan's intellectual and cultural constructions. Yet, Japanese writers acceptance of and rejection to the paradigms in ancient style prose were closely related to their current affairs in socio political, economic, and cultural dimensions. Remolded by Japanese culture, Chinese literary theories became localized and started to influence the literary creations and theories in Japan. …
On The Theory Of Literary "Craftsmanship" During The Six Dynasties, Dongxiao Yang
On The Theory Of Literary "Craftsmanship" During The Six Dynasties, Dongxiao Yang
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
The literary theories during the Six Dynasties often compared writers to "craftsmen", who were proficient in handicraft. Referring to the well developed art theory during this period, the connotation of "craftsman" can be considered in four dimensions: (1) a close adherence to the norm of literary styles, (2) an emphasis on language skills, (3) a balance between expressions of literary talents and emotions, and (4) a combination of conformance to rules and spirit of change. The theory of literary "craftsmanship" not only demonstrated an emphasis on writing techniques, but also disclosed its interactions with the lyrical and aesthetic functions of …
The Ideal Qualities And Their Value In Niu Yunzhen's Historical Criticism, Zhouyin Huang
The Ideal Qualities And Their Value In Niu Yunzhen's Historical Criticism, Zhouyin Huang
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Early Qing historian Niu Yunzhen concluded that grave elegance of style, sophisticated maturity of expression and inspired originality of appeal were three foremost qualities of the history-writing genre, through his reading of Han historian Sima Qian's exemplary work Records of the Grand Historian. With these qualities as criteria for historical criticism, Niu Yunzhen not only reinforced the status of Records of the Grand Historian as a classic, but also attached importance on emotion as an intrinsic attribute of historical writing. As a result, the expression of personal feelings was gradually legitimized and eventually became equally important to narrative method and …
Shakespeare And Econo-Literary Criticism, Min Jiao
Shakespeare And Econo-Literary Criticism, Min Jiao
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
This article introduces the phases and practices of econo-literary criticism over the years to argue for the interdisciplinary studies of literature and economics. By explicating the fruitful research on Shakespearean works from the different perspectives of econo-literary criticism, it argues that this critical practice, through examining texts for their embedded economic forms, contents and contexts, can furnish new perspectives on literary texts as well as cultural and economic history, which, in turn, benefits the research of economics, whose innate ethic deficiencies are growingly felt recently.
Understanding As Obstacle: Exercise As A Perspective For Intercultural Research, Pfizenmaier Ruben
Understanding As Obstacle: Exercise As A Perspective For Intercultural Research, Pfizenmaier Ruben
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
This paper argues that modes of understanding built on familiarity with the other, as well as on contrastive opposition can become an obstacle in intercultural research. Built on a critique of Gadamer's idea of a fusion of horizons, it claims that intercultural research not only has to circumvent the danger of reducing the other under the familiar, but also has to prevent a construction of the other as exotic and absolutely different.
Inheritance Or Critique: On The Relation Between The Origin Of German Tragic Drama And The Birth Of Tragedy, Yunfan Yao
Inheritance Or Critique: On The Relation Between The Origin Of German Tragic Drama And The Birth Of Tragedy, Yunfan Yao
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
While Friedrich Nietzsche and Walter Benjamin both acknowledged that tragedy and trauerspiel are two different genres, they had contrasting elucidation of the characteristics and significances of trauerspiel. According to Nietzsche, trauerspiel was an unsuccessful mimesis of tragedy. However; Benjamin saw in trauerspiel a kind of special value. This difference was a result of their different understandings of the concept of ursprung. Nietzsche considered ursprung as an attempt to integrate Apollonian and Dionysian spirits, while Benjamin presented the structure of ursprung as a destructing force against monolithic sovereignty. Despite this contradiction, Benjamin accpeted Nietzsche's view and took Socrates as a symbol …
"Singer-Songwriter" As Method: On Authenticity And Authorship Of Popular Music, Shuwen Qu, Danzhou Li
"Singer-Songwriter" As Method: On Authenticity And Authorship Of Popular Music, Shuwen Qu, Danzhou Li
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
The construction and renewal of "authenticity" is the driving force for the development of the music industry. Given the prevalent impression of the singular authorial role seemingly integrating all the author voices, which conjures up heightened authenticity, "singer-songwriter" has always been an effective strategy in the production and consumption of popular music. Through a comparative analysis of Keightley's "two schools of philosophy" and Frith's "three discourses" in understanding musical authenticity, this paper concludes that the nature of authenticity is a matter of value judgment concerning aesthetics and sociology. By analyzing the thickening process of author voices in the formation of …
On Comparative Bibliography Of Western Aesthetics, Xian Zhou
On Comparative Bibliography Of Western Aesthetics, Xian Zhou
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Researches and resource construction about Western aesthetic bibliography are relatively weak in China, which has undermined Chinese studies of Western aesthetics. To tackle this problem, it is necessary to promote a comparative bibliography of Western aesthetics. This discipline would create a knowledge graph for both Western aesthetic classics' development in the West and their reception in China. A comparative analysis of the two knowledge graphs would reveal characteristics, hot topics, evolvement, and blind spots in Chinese studies of Western aesthetics. Through targeting these weaknesses by comparative studies, this discipline could also improve the status quo of translation, introduction, and resource …
Paris And The Worlding Of Minor/Small Literatures: The Case Of Basque Literature, Verbeke Frederik
Paris And The Worlding Of Minor/Small Literatures: The Case Of Basque Literature, Verbeke Frederik
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
According to Pascale Casanova, Paris would be the capital of "minor" literatures and of "small" languages (those which have difficulty circulating and are rarely translated). Whilst some Basque authors, such as Bernardo Atxaga or Kirmen Uribe, succeeded in being translated by prestigious Parisian publishing houses, others did not, although they tried, such as Itxaro Borda. How can a minor/small literature gain access to the capital of the "World Republic of Letters" (Casanova), enjoy a wider appeal and boost its worlding? Is it related to the literary image of the Basque Country as constructed by these authors? Is their consecration easier …
The Allure Of Moving Images: Unmasking Roland Barthes, Anni Shen
The Allure Of Moving Images: Unmasking Roland Barthes, Anni Shen
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Roland Barthes was notorious for his self-proclaimed "resistance" to cinema. It strikes as a paradox to that claim because Barthes undeniably left a rich seam of writing on the subject. This paper examines Barthes's complex thought on the allure of cinema by reading his two essays on it – "Garbo's Face" and "Leaving the Movie Theater" – along with Barthes' later train of thought and other post-structural ideas of the reenchantment. It proposes that Barthes's "resistance" to moving images should be reconsidered as a neutral strategy to mask his fascination with the allure of cinema.
The Deep Path In Foucault's Critique Of Reason And Its Enlightenments For Post-Theory, Yang Liu
The Deep Path In Foucault's Critique Of Reason And Its Enlightenments For Post-Theory, Yang Liu
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
In Foucault's early research on madness history which contains four stages, the path of reason repressing non-reason gradually transformed the connotation of non-reason from being "arational" to "irrational" in a subtle manner. The former is not being rational, but is compatible with complete reason. The latter is not being rational either and resists reason in the narrow sense, namely rationality. This path was strengthened in his later study which focused on Kant's idea of enlightenment and thus led to the thought of eventalization. Theory has pushed this process forward. This thesis presents an extended explanation of this important issue, and …
The Material Return Of Cultural Studies: Culture And Society From The Perspective Of Tony Bennett's Governmentality, Xiaoxia Xu
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Tony Bennett has established systematic theories and methodologies on the New Materialism from the perspective of governmentality, which, however, is often neglected by scholars. Based on intensive reading of relevant textual contents and conceptual interpretation, the article deeply and comprehensively investigates Bennett's New Materialism with dialectical analysis and reflection. It argues that Bennett has boldly assimilated the Actor-network Theory by the French post-structuralist sociologist Latour and others when recontextualizing, from the governmentality perspective, society, culture and their relationships. In this process, Bennett developed the idea of Assembling Culture to underscore the dynamic material generating process of culture and the social, …
The Naissance Of Dystopia, Rourou Zhao
The Naissance Of Dystopia, Rourou Zhao
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Dystopia is one of the most critical narratives of the popular culture. To some extent, it is beyond interpretation because of its definition: it is well known that dystopia refers to a bad place while utopia means a good place; that is, dystopia is a negative utopia. But if we look into the works that are called dystopias, it is obvious that they do not simply disavow what utopias insist. They also deal with various theses like feminism, post-humanism, modernity, etc. This paper focuses on the emergence of dystopia from the beginning and tries to analyze its discursive formation.
Three Dimensions Of Ecological Aesthetics: Félix Guattari's Thought Of "The Three Ecologies", Huiqing Zhang
Three Dimensions Of Ecological Aesthetics: Félix Guattari's Thought Of "The Three Ecologies", Huiqing Zhang
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Based on the real context of human-nature relation in the epoch of the Anthropocene and the thought of ecosophy in the ethico-aesthetic paradigm, Félix Guattari's thought of "The Three Ecologies" leads to the theoretical transformation of ecological aesthetics from environmental ecological dimension in a narrow sense to a generalized ecological model composed of environmental, social and mental ecological dimensions. Based on environmental ecosophy, the environmental ecological dimension follows the machinic aesthetic paradigm and serves the purpose of presenting the natural process and ecological justice for all species. Based on social ecosophy, the social ecological dimension follows the group Eros principle …
International Politics Of Literary Theory: A Study Of Western Theory As Doctrines And A Discipline, Jinghua Lin
International Politics Of Literary Theory: A Study Of Western Theory As Doctrines And A Discipline, Jinghua Lin
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
The event of the publication of René Wellek and Austin Warren's Theory of Literature (1949) signals that European literary criticism was transformed rapidly into literary theory by American scholars. To be more specific, from then on, British New Criticism that emphasized close reading was replaced by American New Criticism that valorized analysis of semantic structure, and Russian formalism was rediscovered and reactivated in this process. Afterwards, more theoretical schools sprang up, such as semiotics, structuralism, hermeneutics, post-structuralism, deconstructionism, and so on. And along with the scientific literary theory, many other theories, like Western Marxist criticism, feminism, gender studies, new historicism, …
Was Plato An Art Denier?: Plato's Concept Of Technē (Art) And The Pre-Socratic Philosophy Term Of Phusis (Nature), Dehui Yin
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Since philosophy term technē in ancient Greece is not exactly the same as the concept of art today, it is inaccurate to say that Plato was for or against art, but, at the same time. Plato actually opposed some kind of technē (mainly poetry and painting), and the influence of this stance remained even today. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify which kind of technē Plato exactly opposed. In ancient Greece, it was Plato who firstly proposed technē as a philosophy term on the basis of Pre-Socratic philosophy. So his thought of technē must relate itself to the thought of …
Aesthetic Experience Of Semir Zeki, "Father Of Neuroaesthetics", And Related Research, Jun Hu
Aesthetic Experience Of Semir Zeki, "Father Of Neuroaesthetics", And Related Research, Jun Hu
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Based on neural mechanism of the brain, Professor S. Zeki, known as the "father of neuroaesthetics", has made much research on human vision, aesthetic experience, aesthetic judgment, and the relationship between aesthetics and human perception, like that of color, form, and motion. This article analyzes Zeki's research on aesthetic experience and expounds how Zeki, through brain fMRI (functional magnetic resonance) scan, discovered that aesthetic experience can activate certain area of brain – A1 region of the medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC). On this basis, the article not only discusses the definition of beauty, but also differentiates aesthetic experience from pleasure experience …
An Interdisciplinary Discussion On The Political And Ethical Dimensions Of Aesthetics: An Interview With Professor Simon Critchley, Xi Wang
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Simon Critchley is an English Philosopher, the Hans Jonas Professor in New School, New York. He is the founding member of the executive committee of Forum for European Philosophy, the previous program director of College International de Philosophie in Paris, the previous president of British Society for Phenomenology and the research fellow of Johann Wolfgang Goethe University. He has held visiting professorship at numerous universities and authored more than twenty books which are translated into French, German, Spanish, Japanese, Chinese, etc. In these books, he develops a strikingly independent philosophical voice of western leftist and inquired the increasingly overlapped terrain …
Visual Modernity And Media Archeology:The Techniques Of The Observer And Modern Visual Culture In China, Hongfeng Tang
Visual Modernity And Media Archeology:The Techniques Of The Observer And Modern Visual Culture In China, Hongfeng Tang
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Jonathan Crary's The Techniques of the Observer is one of the most important works of visual culture studies, which provides a new historical perspective on modern western vision. Crary traces modern vision to the subjective vision based on new scientific discoveries on vision and new inventions of optical apparatus of the nineteenth century. Thus a new type of observer, who is seen as a modern subject by Crary, was formed. Crary's study has enlarged the field of art history and he has conducted lots of in-depth analysis of visuality, media, perception, etc. His book especially shows two new trends in …
Human, Animal, And Life In The Posthuman Turn: From Agamben To Young Marx, Xingkun Wang
Human, Animal, And Life In The Posthuman Turn: From Agamben To Young Marx, Xingkun Wang
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
The Posthuman thought since the 1980s has challenged anthropocentrism and humanism to a great extent, and has promoted our reflections on what human is, on the relationship between humans and animals, and on human life itself. Three paths of Posthuman research will be traced, in which the concept of "biopolitics" and "anthropological machine" of Agamben proceeds from the animalization of human in the political field, and reveals the the dilemma of exclusive inclusion facing contemporary human life. But Agamben comes up with a passive politics based on a-historical analysis. This paper is intended to go back to the analysis of …
Post-Structuralist Poetics In The Great Preface And Some Thoughts On The Modernization Of Ancient Chinese Literary Theory, Mingdong Gu
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
The Great Preface of the Mao School of Poetry is a foundational document for the exegesis of the Shijing and a landmark for Chinese literary theory. Despite its status as the first cornerstone for Chinese poetics, it has incurred harsh criticism due to its various inadequacies and unknown origin, and is never regarded as the first self-consciously composed literary criticism. Is The Great Preface indeed a discourse with a loose structure and inconsistent thesis as the critics have suggested? To re-examine its writing, conception, and overall structure from the perspective of post-structuralist discourse theory will draw an opposite conclusion: The …
The Cultural Politics Of Conspicuous Consumption In China, Min Zhou
The Cultural Politics Of Conspicuous Consumption In China, Min Zhou
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
To adequately understand contemporary conspicuous consumption in China, one needs to put it in a historical background and look at it not only from an economic perspective but also from cultural and political points of view. Both China and the West have had the phenomenon of conspicuous consumption at different historical periods, which, in their own ways, have constituted different cultural and political narratives and have demonstrated in them different characteristics. Three Confucian values that affect Chinese people's consumption of luxurious commodities — namely, maintaining consistency between behavior and status, family reputation and the awareness of other people's influence — …
Negation Of Life: Reassessing Schopenhauer's Influence On Early Nietzsche's Metaphysics Of Art, Dong Lü
Negation Of Life: Reassessing Schopenhauer's Influence On Early Nietzsche's Metaphysics Of Art, Dong Lü
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
This article aims to reveal the great influence of Schopenhauer's aesthetic thought on early Nietzsche's metaphysics of art. Firstly, in terms of typology of art, early Nietzsche uses the framework of the Apollonian art/Dionysian art for the binary division of artistic types. Such binary division is the result of direct appropriation of Schopenhauer's artistic dichotomy. The general art which is the facsimile of the idea changes into Apollonian art, and music which is the facsimile of the will changes into Dionysian art. Secondly, in terms of the theory of aesthetic experience, early Nietzsche's concept of tragedy is composed of the …
Symmetries In The Semiosphere: A Typology, Leone Massimo
Symmetries In The Semiosphere: A Typology, Leone Massimo
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
The article points out that the current expansion of the semiotic focus from signs and texts to whole cultures needs the development of a coherent method. It therefore proposes to establish the method through an application of the topological theory of fractals to the analysis of different kinds of symmetries in the semiosphere. Having defined fractals as resemblance between two topological structures, the article first dwells on what "resemblance" means in the comparison of both visual and conceptual patterns; it then proposes a typology of fractal similarities, based on the topological operations of rotation, translation, and reflection. Examples of each …