Digital Commons Network^™

Atmospheric Geographies Of (Counter)Terrorism, Sara Fregonese, Paul Simpson, Damien Masson, Simon Runkel, Carrie Benjamin, Sam Berlin, Katha Ciax, Angeliki Drongiti

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

How are terror threats and counterterrorism measures experienced in everyday urban spaces? We argue that thinking atmospherically about the spaces of urban encounters with (counter)terrorism is important, firstly, to identify and question feelings and dispositions shaped by discourses, practices, and infrastructures of (counter)terrorism; secondly, to contribute spatial perspectives of felt experience to literatures on security and (counter)terrorism in geography and beyond; thirdly, to connect official understandings of (counter)terrorism with its everyday felt experiences and materialities. We highlight two conceptual and empirical arenas - the crowd and the question of difference - where atmospheric approaches to urban (counter)terrorism can be developed.

Inorganic Phosphorus Availability And Mobility In A Manufactured Soil, H Kate Schofield, Alan D Tappin, Tim R Pettitt, Gavyn K Rollinson, Mark F Fitzsimons

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Manufactured soils, created by combining various organic and inorganic waste materials and byproducts, may be tailored to specific applications, providing an alternative to the extraction of natural soils. It is important for them to be capable of supporting plant growth without the need for significant management or fertiliser applications, the over-application of which can have adverse environmental effects. We examined the dynamics of phosphorus (P) transformations within a manufactured soil and the implications for nutrient cycling. A freshly prepared manufactured soil (32.5 % composted green waste, 32.5 % composted bark, 25 % horticultural grit, and 10 % lignite clay) was …

Insights Into The Diet And Feeding Behavior Of Immature Polar Cod (Boreogadus Saida) From The Under-Ice Habitat Of The Central Arctic Ocean, The Mosaic Team Eco, Fokje L. Schaafsma, Hauke Flores, Carmen L. David, Giulia Castellani, Serdar Sakinan, André Meijboom, Barbara Niehoff, Astrid Cornils, Nicole Hildebrandt, Katrin Schmidt, Pauline Snoeijs-Leijonmalm, Julia Ehrlich, Carin J. Ashjian

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Polar cod (Boreogadus saida) is an endemic key species of the Arctic Ocean ecosystem. The ecology of this forage fish is well studied in Arctic shelf habitats where a large part of its population lives. However, knowledge about its ecology in the central Arctic Ocean (CAO), including its use of the sea-ice habitat, is hitherto very limited. To increase this knowledge, samples were collected at the under-ice surface during several expeditions to the CAO between 2012 and 2020, including the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition. The diet of immature B. saida and the taxonomic …

Enhancing Human Well-Being Through Cognitive And Affective Pathways Linking Landscape Sensation To Cultural Ecosystem Services, Yashi Wu, Lina Tang, Chang‑Bing Huang, Guofan Shao, Jundong Hou, Clive E. Sabel

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Context: Landscape sensation is essential for the delivery of cultural ecosystem services (CESs), yet the pathways through which these services are delivered remain inadequately understood. Exploring how people obtain CESs from landscapes facilitates better understanding of the tradeoffs and synergies between ecosystem services and landscape sustainability. Objectives: This study aimed to elucidate the sensory pathways that links landscape attributes to CESs, focusing on the roles of cognitive and affective experiences. Methods: We analyzed social media comments for the measurement scale of cognition. We employed partial least squares structural equation modeling to integrate sensation, cognition, affect, and satisfaction, using questionnaire data …

Palaeoenvironment And Bio-Events Of The Cretaceous Sediments Of The Cauvery Basin, India, R. Venkatachalapathy, L. Harini, M. B. Hart, Watkinson M. P.

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

The Cauvery Basin is an important rift margin basin on the east coast of India. It's long research history began in the mid-nineteenth century with the pioneering work of H.F. Blanford. While much of the Cretaceous succession in the basin is fault-controlled, some of the recorded events represent global sea level changes, especially in the mid-Cretaceous. Macrofossils (ammonites, bivalves, etc.) and foraminifera are abundant throughout, and there is an important occurrence of fossil wood and ‘log-grounds’ in the Turonian-Coniacian. The basin is sub-divided into a series of sub-basins (known as depressions in the earlier literature) which - in places - …

Structural And Geomorphological Constraints On The Activity Of The Sparta Fault (Greece), Çal Çağatay, Sarah Boulton, Zoe Mildon

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

The ancient city of Sparti (Greece) suffered extensive damage from an estimated M_w 7.2 earthquake in 464 BCE, resulting in c. 20 000 fatalities, but questions remain about the short-(c. 10⁴ years) and long-term (10⁵–10⁶ years) activity of this important structure. This paper presents new structural data and fluvial geomorphological analysis from the Sparta Fault and, in particular, considers the less well-known northern fault segment. A new topographic profile on the well-developed post-glacial fault scarp from the northern strand indicates a 7.53 m offset over the last c. 15 ka, suggesting a throw-rate of c. …

Using U–Pb Carbonate Dating To Constrain The Timing Of Extension And Fault Reactivation Within The Bristol Channel Basin, Sw England, Joe Connolly, Mark Anderson, Catherine Mottram, Gregory D. Price, Randall Parrish, David Sanderson

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

The Bristol Channel Basin is a Mesozoic continental rift basin. The basin is an important analogue for offshore reservoirs. Relative cross-cutting relationships and correlation with adjacent sedimentary basins have previously been used to constrain the timing of basin development. In situ U–Pb carbonate geochronology has been used to date calcite slickenfibre development in the cores of normal, thrust and strike-slip faults in the East Quantoxhead and Kilve region of Somerset for the first time. Protracted north–south extension from c. 150 to 120 Ma formed normal faults. Subsequent north–south shortening from c. 50 to 20 Ma was accommodated by (1) mutually …

Peat Fires And Legacy Toxic Metal Release: An Integrative Biogeochemical And Ecohydrological Conceptual Framework, Colin P.R. Mccarter, Gareth D. Clay, Sophie L. Wilkinson, Gabriel Sigmund, Scott J. Davidson, Muh Taufik, Susan Page, Emma L. Shuttleworth, David Mclagan, Grant Chenier, Alexandra Clark, James M. Waddington

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Peatlands are potent landscape sinks of natural and industrial toxic metals and metalloids (TMMs) but the long-term sequestration of TMMs in peatlands is at increasing risk due to climate change enhanced peatland fires. The ability of peatlands to retain TMMs results from a host of interacting hydrological, biological, geomorphological, and chemical feedbacks, which underpin peatland functionality in general. Fire is a transformative force that often disrupts these interactions and feedbacks, leading to the potential release of TMMs to our air, land, and water. Given that wildfire burned area and severity are increasing there is a need for a conceptual understanding …

Thermokarst Landscape Exhibits Large Nitrous Oxide Emissions In Alaska’S Coastal Polygonal Tundra, Josh Hashemi, David A. Lipson, Kyle A. Arndt, Scott J. Davidson, Aram Kalhori, Kyle Lunneberg, Lona Van Delden, Walter C. Oechel, Donatella Zona

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Global atmospheric concentrations of nitrous oxide have been increasing over previous decades with emerging research suggesting the Arctic as a notable contributor. Thermokarst processes, increasing temperature, and changes in drainage can cause degradation of polygonal tundra landscape features resulting in elevated, well-drained, unvegetated soil surfaces that exhibit large nitrous oxide emissions. Here, we outline the magnitude and some of the dominant factors controlling variability in emissions for these thermokarst landscape features in the North Slope of Alaska. We measured strong nitrous oxide emissions during the growing season from unvegetated high centered polygons (median (mean) = 104.7 (187.7) µg N_{2 …}

Apparent Joint Swarms Formed By The Crack-Jump Process, D. C.P. Peacock, B. Leiss, M. W. Anderson

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Joint swarms can be important components of fractured reservoirs. They are often explained as damage around faults or related to mechanical differences between layers, although this does not explain the close spacing of the joints. Joint swarms around Bergen (Norway) are described, which are not related to exposed faults and are not influenced by layering or foliation in the Lower Palaeozoic gneisses. We suggest an evolution whereby: (1) a zone of microcracks develops; (2) one microcrack propagates and becomes connected to a source of mineralising fluid; (3) the fracture becomes a microvein, with a higher tensile strength than the microcracked …

Overview Of The Mosaic Expedition: Ecosystem, Allison A. Fong, Clara J.M. Hoppe, Nicole Aberle, Carin J. Ashjian, Philipp Assmy, Youcheng Bai, Dorothee C.E. Bakker, John P. Balmonte, Kevin R. Barry, Stefan Bertilsson, William Boulton, Jeff Bowman, Deborah Bozzato, Gunnar Bratbak, Moritz Buck, Robert G. Campbell, Giulia Castellani, Emelia J. Chamberlain, Jianfang Chen, Melissa Chierici, Astrid Cornils, Jessie M. Creamean, Ellen Damm, Klaus Dethloff, Elise S. Droste, Oliver Ebenhöh, Sarah L. Eggers, Anja Engel, Hauke Flores, Agneta Fransson

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

The international and interdisciplinary sea-ice drift expedition “The Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate” (MOSAiC) was conducted from October 2019 to September 2020. The aim of MOSAiC was to study the interconnected physical, chemical, and biological characteristics and processes from the atmosphere to the deep sea of the central Arctic system. The ecosystem team addressed current knowledge gaps and explored unknown biological properties over a complete seasonal cycle focusing on three major research areas: biodiversity, biogeochemical cycles, and linkages to the environment. In addition to the measurements of core properties along a complete seasonal cycle, dedicated projects …

A Synthesized Field Survey Database Of Vegetation And Active-Layer Properties For The Alaskan Tundra (1972-2020), Xiaoran Zhu, Dong Chen, Maruko Kogure, Elizabeth Hoy, Logan T. Berner, Amy L. Breen, Abhishek Chatterjee, Scott J. Davidson, Gerald V. Frost, Teresa N. Hollingsworth, Go Iwahana, Randi R. Jandt, Anja N. Kade, Tatiana V. Loboda, Matt J. Macander, Michelle Mack, Charles E. Miller, Eric A. Miller, Susan M. Natali, Martha K. Raynolds, Adrian V. Rocha, Shiro Tsuyuzaki, Craig E. Tweedie, Donald A. Walker, Mathew Williams, Xin Xu, Yingtong Zhang, Nancy French, Scott Goetz

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Studies in recent decades have shown strong evidence of physical and biological changes in the Arctic tundra, largely in response to rapid rates of warming. Given the important implications of these changes for ecosystem services, hydrology, surface energy balance, carbon budgets, and climate feedbacks, research on the trends and patterns of these changes is becoming increasingly important and can help better constrain estimates of local, regional, and global impacts as well as inform mitigation and adaptation strategies. Despite this great need, scientific understanding of tundra ecology and change remains limited, largely due to the inaccessibility of this region and less …

A New Record Of Coleoid Arm Hooks From The Lowermost Jurassic Of Lilstock, Somerset, Simon Penn, Malcolm B. Hart, Gregory D. Price

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

We report on a new assemblage of coleoid arm hooks found in the Blue Lias (Lower Jurassic) succession near Lilstock (Somerset, UK). As there are no soft tissues or other materials (ink sac, phragmocone, etc.) preserved in the vicinity of the hooks, the genus and species cannot be accurately identified. Unlike the hooks of Clarkeiteuthis, which have distinctive inflated, bilobate bases, the hooks discussed herein are delicate, with a gently curved apex, which makes them quite similar to the arm hooks of Belemnotheutis or Acanthoteuthis. The assemblage of hooks shows a distinct organisation and, in some places, the hooks are …

Variability Of Fallout Radionuclides (Frns) In River Channels: Implications For Sediment Tracing, Enrique Muñoz-Arcos, Geoffrey E. Millward, Caroline C. Clason, Richard Hartley, Claudio Bravo-Linares, William H. Blake

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Purpose: The aims of this research were to assess the sources of variability of particulate FRNs ( ⁷Be, ²¹⁰Pb _ex and ¹³⁷Cs) in river channels, the influence of sediment properties such as particle size distribution (PSD) and organic matter (OM) on FRN distributions, and to discuss the implications for sediment tracing in rivers. Methods: Suspended and channel bed sediment samples were collected in the River Avon (Devon, UK) during five strategic surveys involving a wide variation of river flows, including flood conditions. Particulate matter was analysed for ⁷Be, ²¹⁰Pb _ex and ¹³⁷Cs by gamma …

Accumulation Of Environmental Radioactivity On The Surface Of A High Arctic Ice Cap (Flade Isblink, Ne Greenland), Dylan B. Beard, Giovanni Baccolo, Caroline C. Clason, Geoffrey E. Millward, Edyta Łokas, Elena Di Stefano, Sally Rangecroft, Dariusz Sala, Przemysław Wachniew, William H. Blake

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Under climatic warming, glaciers are becoming a secondary source of atmospheric contaminants originally released into the environment decades ago. This phenomenon has been well-documented for glaciers near emission sources. However, less is known about polar ice sheets and ice caps. Radionuclides are one of the contaminants that can be remobilised through ice melting and accumulate in cryoconite material on the surface of glaciers. To understand the cycling of radionuclides in polar glacial contexts, we evaluate the radioactivity of cryoconite samples from Flade Isblink, a High Arctic ice cap in northeast Greenland. The measured radioactivity is among the highest reported across …

Why There Is No Evidence That Pyridine Killed The English Crabs, Alex T. Ford, Mark F. Fitzsimons, Crispin Halsall

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

The North East coast of England experienced a mass mortality event in late 2021 affecting millions of crabs and lobsters. The die-off coincided with the redevelopment of one of the UK's flagship ports, prompting local scientists to suggest the remobilization of dredged industrial contaminants as a cause. A multi-agency investigation found no definitive causal factor; however, re-evaluation of data by consultants drew a different conclusion, linking the industrial compound pyridine to the crustacean deaths. Authors of an unpublished study subsequently claimed that their data demonstrated pyridine to be exceptionally toxic and that their modeling explained the coastal distribution of washups. …

Global Constraints On Exhumation Rates During Porphyry Copper Formation And Supergene Enrichment: Applications To Exploration As Illustrated From The Central Andes, Laura Evenstar, Simon Dahlström, Adrian Hartley, T. Campbell Mccuaig, Anne Mather, Joe Shaw

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Currently, 60% of the world’s copper production comes from porphyry copper deposits, often significantly enriched by surface weathering. This paper uses new global datasets and previous work to review the critical processes required for porphyry copper formation and supergene enrichment. Porphyry copper formation requires a subducting arc to create a source magma which traverses a thickened crust subject to high exhumation rates during formation, ranging from 100’s to 1,000’s m/m.y. High exhumation rates potentially trigger magma decompression, causing fluid release, opening fluid pathways along faults and lineaments and/or facilitating telescoping, whereby early porphyry-style mineralization is overprinted and enriched by high-sulfidation …

Transient Aseismic Vertical Deformation Across The Steeply-Dipping Pisia-Skinos Normal Fault (Gulf Of Corinth, Greece), Zoe Mildon, Manuel-Lukas Diercks, Gerald Roberts, Joanna Faure Walker, Athanassios Ganas, Ioannis Papanikolaou, Vassilis Sakas, Jenni Robertson, Claudia Sgambato, Sam Mitchell

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Geodetically-derived deformation rates are sometimes used to infer seismic hazard, implicitly assuming that short-term (annual-decadal) deformation is representative of longer-term deformation. This is despite geological observations indicating that deformation/slip rates are variable over a range of timescales. Using geodetic data from 2016-2021, we observe an up to 7-fold increase in vertical deformation rate in mid-2019 across the Pisia-Skinos normal fault in Greece. We hypothesise that this deformation is aseismic as there is no temporally correlated increase in the earthquake activity (M>1). We explore four possible physical mechanisms, and our preferred hypothesis is that the transient deformation is caused by …

Pathways And Timescales Of Southern Ocean Hydrothermal Iron And Manganese Transport, Antony J. Birchill, Chelsea Baker, Neil Wyatt, Katsiaryna Pabortsava, Hugh Venables, Mark Moore, Isobel Turnbull, Angela Milne, Simon Ussher, Sophy Oliver, Adrian Martin

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Scarcity of iron and manganese limits the efficiency of the biological carbon pump over large areas of the Southern Ocean. The importance of hydrothermal vents as a source of these micronutrients to the euphotic zone of the Southern Ocean is debated. Here we present full depth profiles of dissolved and total dissolvable trace metals in the remote eastern Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean (55–60° S, 89.1° W), providing evidence of enrichment of iron and manganese at depths of 2000–4000 m. These enhanced micronutrient concentrations were co-located with ³He enrichment, an indicator of hydrothermal fluid originating from ocean ridges. …

Complementary Classifications Of Aeolian Dunes Based On Morphology, Dynamics, And Fluid Mechanics, Sylvain Courrech Du Pont, David M. Rubin, Clément Narteau, Mathieu G.A. Lapôtre, Mackenzie Day, Philippe Claudin, Ian Livingstone, Matt W. Telfer, Jani Radebaugh, Cyril Gadal, Andrew Gunn, Patrick A. Hesp, Sabrina Carpy, Charles S. Bristow, Andreas C.W. Baas, Ryan C. Ewing, Giles F.S. Wiggs

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Dunes form where winds blow over a bed of mobile sediment grains — conditions that are common in our solar system. On Earth, dunes abound in arid continental interiors and along sandy coastlines. Dune fields have also been recognized on Venus, Mars, Saturn’s moon Titan, and Pluto. In response to the different boundary conditions and other environmental forcings, dunes adopt a rich diversity of shapes, sizes, and behaviors. Thus, people around the globe and over centuries have developed a rich vocabulary to describe dunes and their complexity. As a result, existing dune nomenclature often includes redundant terms with differing definitions …

New Geographies Of Crime? Cybercrime, Southern Criminology And Diversifying Research Agendas, Tim Hall, Richard Yarwood

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

This paper argues that reconsidering the disciplinary significance of the geographies of crime is timely. It has three aims. First, it identifies recent developments in the geographical study of crime, arguing that they both challenge and extend its intellectual traditions. Second, using the example of cybercrime, it identifies new forms of crime that deserve scrutiny by geographers. Third, it draws on ideas of Southern criminology to identify how research agendas can be diversified to advance how geographers study crime. In doing so it proposes that geographers’ renewed interest in crime over recent decades is appropriately labelled ‘new geographies of crime’.

Initiation And Evolution Of An Epicontinental Shelf-Slope Margin In An Actively Contracting Deep-Water Basin: The Eocene Aínsa Basin, Southern Pyrenees (Spain), Ashley Ayckbourne, Rhodri Jerrett, Matthew Watkinson, Miquel Poyatos-More, Ian Kane, Stephen Covey-Crump, Kavin Taylor

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

The shelf-slope margin is a geomorphic zone with a change in gradient between subaqueous shelves and slopes, which extends towards the submarine basin-floor. It is important because it partitions distinct sedimentary and biogenic processes between the shallow and deep-water realms. The initiation of a shelf-slope profile from pre-existing conditions, and the evolution of shelf margins in space and time has been the focus of numerous studies, particularly from seismic data sets on passive margins, although markedly less-so from active tectonic settings. This study documents the initiation and evolution of a shelf-slope margin in the well-studied Eocene Aínsa Basin (Spanish Pyrenees) …

Interlaboratory Comparison Of Branched Gdgt Temperature And Ph Proxies Using Soils And Lipid Extracts, Brgdgts Round Robin, Cindy De Jonge, Francien Peterse, Klaas G.J. Nierop, Thomas M. Blattmann, Marcelo Alexandre, Salome Ansanay-Alex, Thomas Austin, Mathieu Babin, Edouard Bard, Thorsten Bauersachs, Jerome Blewett, Brenna Boehman, Isla S. Castañeda, Junhui Chen, Martina L.G. Conti, Sergio Contreras, Julia Cordes, Nina Davtian, Bart Van Dongen, Bella Duncan, Felix J. Elling, Valier Galy, Shaopeng Gao, Jens Hefter, Kai Uwe Hinrichs, Mitchell R. Helling, Mariska Hoorweg, Ellen Hopmans, Arnaud Huguet, Guodong Jia, Cornelia Karger, Brendan J. Keely, Stephanie Kusch, Hui Li, Jie Liang, Julius S. Lipp, Weiguo Liu, Hongxuan Lu, Kai Mangelsdorf, Hayley Manners, Alfredo Martinez Garcia, Guillemette Menot, Gesine Mollenhauer, B. David A. Naafs, Sebastian Naeher, Lauren K. O'Connor, Ethan M. Pearce, Ann Pearson

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Ratios of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGT), which are membrane lipids of bacteria and archaea, are at the base of several paleoenvironmental proxies. They are frequently applied to soils as well as lake- and marine sediments to generate records of past temperature and soil pH. To derive meaningful environmental information from these reconstructions, high analytical reproducibility is required. Based on submitted results by 39 laboratories from across the world, which employ a diverse range of analytical and quantification methods, we explored the reproducibility of brGDGT-based proxies (MBT′_5ME, IR, and #rings_tetra) measured on four soil samples and …

Changing Neighborhood Income Deprivation Over Time, Moving In Childhood, And Adult Risk Of Depression, Clive E Sabel, Carsten Bøcker Pedersen, Sussie Antonsen, Roger T Webb, Henriette Thisted Horsdal

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

IMPORTANCE: Complex biological, socioeconomic, and psychological variables combine to cause mental illnesses, with mounting evidence that early-life experiences are associated with adulthood mental health.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether changing neighborhood income deprivation and residential moves during childhood are associated with the risk of receiving a diagnosis of depression in adulthood.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cohort study included the whole population of 1 096 916 people born in Denmark from January 1, 1982, to December 31, 2003, who resided in the country during their first 15 years of life. Individuals were followed up from 15 years of age until either …

A New Approach To Counting Fossil And Modern Pollen Grains:: The Orderly Count, Tutku Tuncalı Yaman, Bikem Ekberzade, Hülya Caner, Ruya Y. Dagdeviren, Sena Inkaya, Nurgul K. Kılıc, Suzanne A.G. Leroy, Fabienne Marret, Cetin Senkul, Jessie Woodbridge, Meral Avci

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Palynology, the study of pollen and spores, plays a crucial role in various scientific disciplines, including earth sciences (paleovegetation and paleoclimatology), botany, allergy, archaeology, forensic sciencs and cosmetics. This study delves into the critical question in fossil pollen analysis studies: the minimum count of pollen grains required for accurate estimation of vegetation composition. Various statistical methods have been proposed over the years to address this question. Our research introduces an alternative technique, the orderly count, tailored to the nature of palynological analysis. We apply this method to diverse sediment catchments, including peat bogs, marine and lake sediments, from different geographical …

How Can Geomorphology Facilitate A Better Understanding Of Glacier And Ice Sheet Behaviour?, Matt Westoby, Richard Jones, Lauren Miller

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Glaciers and ice sheets are an integral part of Earth’s system, advancing and retreating in response to changes in climate. Clues about the past, present, and future behaviour of these ice masses are found throughout current and former glaciated landscapes. In this commentary, we outline recent scientific advances from a collection of articles in which geomorphological evidence is used to inform us about the behaviour of glaciers and ice sheets across a range of spatial (landform to continent) and temporal (seasons to millennia) scales. Through a diversity of approaches including field measurements, remote sensing and numerical modelling, these studies build …

Gc Insights: Lessons From Participatory Water Quality Research In The Upper Santa River Basin, Peru, Sally Rangecroft, Caroline Clason, Rosa Maria Dextre, Isabel Richter, Claire Kelly, Cecilia Turin, Claudia V. Grados-Bueno, Beatriz Fuentealba, Mirtha Camacho Hernandez, Sergio Morera Julca, John Martin, John Adam Guy

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Here we share four key lessons from an interdisciplinary project (Nuestro Rio) that gathered community perspectives on local water quality in the Santa River basin (Peru) utilising a digital technological approach where we collected data via a novel photo elicitation app, supported by a field work campaign. The lessons explored in this article provide insights into challenges and opportunities for researchers considering developing technological tools for encouraging participation and engagement in marginalised communities.

Centennial Records Of Microplastics In Lake Cores In Huguangyan Maar Lake, China, Qingsong Ji, Yanxia Zhang, Yubao Xia, Xinkai Wang, Maoyong He, Yi Yang, Clive E. Sabel, Bin Huang, Fengxiao Zhu, Min Shao, Enze Xie, Guojing Yan, Guonai Li, Aoyu Zhou, Huan He, Limin Zhang, Zhangdong Jin

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Microplastic records from lake cores can reconstruct the plastic pollution history. However, the associations between anthropogenic activities and microplastic accumulation are not well understood. Huguangyan Maar Lake (HML) is a deep-enclosed lake without inlets and outlets, where the sedimentary environment is ideal for preserving a stable and historical microplastic record. Microplastic (size: 10-500 μm) characteristics in the HML core were identified using the Laser Direct Infrared Imaging system. The earliest detectable microplastics appeared unit in 1955 (1.1 items g^-1). The microplastic abundance ranged from n.d. to 615.2 items g^-1 in 1955-2019 with an average of 134.9 items …

Experimental Observation Of A New Attenuation Mechanism In Hcp-Metals That May Operate In The Earth's Inner Core, Simon A. Hunt, Andrew M. Walker, Oliver T. Lord, Stephen Stackhouse, Lewis Schardong, Lora S. Armstrong, Andrew J. Parsons, Geoffrey E. Lloyd, John Wheeler, Danielle M. Fenech, Stefan Michalik, Matthew L. Whitaker

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

AbstractSeismic observations show the Earth's inner core has significant and unexplained variation in seismic attenuation with position, depth and direction. Interpreting these observations is difficult without knowledge of the visco‐ or anelastic dissipation processes active in iron under inner core conditions. Here, a previously unconsidered attenuation mechanism is observed in zinc, a low pressure analog of hcp‐iron, during small strain sinusoidal deformation experiments. The experiments were performed in a deformation‐DIA combined with X‐radiography, at seismic frequencies (∼0.003–0.1 Hz), high pressure and temperatures up to ∼80% of melting temperature. Significant dissipation (0.077 ≤ Q−1(ω) ≤ 0.488) is observed along with frequency …

The Forgotten Forests: Incorporating Temperate Peat-Forming Wet Woodlands As Nature-Based Solutions Into Policy And Practice, Alice M. Milner, Andy J. Baird, Scott J. Davidson, Emily R. Lines, Dan Abrahams, Crystal A.E. Ahiable, Nadia Barsoum, Marion Bryant, Emma Dear, Iain Diack, Emma Duley, Adam Noach, Thomas P. Roland, David Smedley

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Peat-forming wet woodlands (forested wetlands) are naturally occurring carbon-dense ecosystems that have considerable potential to form an important part of net zero woodland establishment and peatland strategies, as well as provide crucial co-benefits to restore biodiversity and regulate hydrological systems. Despite their potential, temperate peat-forming wet woodlands have been widely lost, are critically understudied and are being overlooked in land-use strategies. Unlike temperate ‘dry’ woodlands, some wet woodlands are peat forming and can store large amounts of carbon below-ground in peat in addition to the carbon in the tree biomass. The complex structure of these peat-forming wet woodlands creates high …