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Articles 181 - 210 of 1481
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Automated Method For The Sensitive Analysis Of Volatile Amines In Seawater, Preston Chebai Akenga, Mark F. Fitzsimons
Automated Method For The Sensitive Analysis Of Volatile Amines In Seawater, Preston Chebai Akenga, Mark F. Fitzsimons
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Methylamines are polar, volatile, and organic nitrogen-containing compounds. They are challenging to analyze, limiting our understanding of their occurrence and role within the marine nitrogen cycle. We describe an automated headspace solid-phase microextraction method, coupled with gas chromatography and nitrogen phosphorus detection (HS-SPME-GC-NPD), for analyzing methylamines in seawater. Three SPME conditions were investigated: temperature, equilibration, and extraction. The method was 6-24 times more sensitive to trimethylamine (TMA) than to dimethylamine (DMA) and monomethylamine (MMA). DMA and TMA were detected in small seawater volumes (2.5-10 mL), at volumes 100-400 times that previously reported. Detection limits of 19.1, 6.6, and 4.1 nM …
Preliminary Assessment Of The Knowledge Gaps To Prevent Soil Erosion, Maria Helena Guimarães, Martinho Martins, Diana Vieira, Isabel Brito, Claire Kelly, Nuno Guiomar, Nikolaos Stathopoulos, Melpomeni Zoka, Teresa Nóvoa, Artemi Cerdà, Beatriz Faria, João Madeira, Lilia Fidalgo, Panos Panagos, Pandi Zdruli, Saskia Keesstra, Sergio Prats, Pierfrancesco Di Giuseppe, Endre Dobos
Preliminary Assessment Of The Knowledge Gaps To Prevent Soil Erosion, Maria Helena Guimarães, Martinho Martins, Diana Vieira, Isabel Brito, Claire Kelly, Nuno Guiomar, Nikolaos Stathopoulos, Melpomeni Zoka, Teresa Nóvoa, Artemi Cerdà, Beatriz Faria, João Madeira, Lilia Fidalgo, Panos Panagos, Pandi Zdruli, Saskia Keesstra, Sergio Prats, Pierfrancesco Di Giuseppe, Endre Dobos
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
SOLO project aims to deliver actionable transdisciplinary roadmaps for future soil-related research and innovation activities in the EU, contributing to achieving the objectives of the EU Soil Mission. To achieve this overarching goal, the project employs a transdisciplinary task force known as Think Tanks (TTs). Comprising 10 Think Tanks, SOLO aligns these entities with the objectives set forth by the EU Soil Mission Board. Within our specific TT, we focus on the Soil Mission objective 5, “Prevent erosion”. Broadly, this objective is to reduce “the area of land currently affected by unsustainable erosion from 25% to sustainable levels” (EC, 2021a). …
Soil Saturation Limits Early Oak Establishment In Upland Pastures For Restoration Of Atlantic Oak Woodlands, Thomas R. Murphy, Mick E. Hanley, Jon S. Ellis, Paul H. Lunt
Soil Saturation Limits Early Oak Establishment In Upland Pastures For Restoration Of Atlantic Oak Woodlands, Thomas R. Murphy, Mick E. Hanley, Jon S. Ellis, Paul H. Lunt
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
With woodland expansion providing a nature-based solution to help tackle anthropogenic climate change, the persistence and regeneration of fragmented Atlantic oak woodland is a critical feature of the wilding of uplands and conservation of Temperate Rainforests in Western Europe. Predicted shifts in precipitation with climate change are likely to be a major determinant of tree recruitment here, yet our understanding of the threshold effects of high soil moisture on oak establishment is limited, particularly at early-life-history stages when trees are most vulnerable. We address this gap in knowledge by investigating the effect of soil saturation states on; 1) the capacity …
Evidence Of Economic Development Revealed In Centennial Scale Sedimentary Records Of Organic Pollutants In Huguangyan Marr Lake, Xinkai Wang, Yubao Xia, Yanxia Zhang, Qingsong Ji, Guojing Yan, Biao Huang, Maoyong He, Yi Yang, Ming Zhong, Huan He, Pengfei Yang, Xiaofei Liu, Qiumei Wu, Clive E. Sabel, Pei Lei, Zhangdong Jin
Evidence Of Economic Development Revealed In Centennial Scale Sedimentary Records Of Organic Pollutants In Huguangyan Marr Lake, Xinkai Wang, Yubao Xia, Yanxia Zhang, Qingsong Ji, Guojing Yan, Biao Huang, Maoyong He, Yi Yang, Ming Zhong, Huan He, Pengfei Yang, Xiaofei Liu, Qiumei Wu, Clive E. Sabel, Pei Lei, Zhangdong Jin
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Sedimentary records of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and phthalates could reflect energy consumption and industrial production adjustment. However, there is limited knowledge about their effects on variations of PAH and phthalate compositions in the sediment core. The PAH and phthalate sedimentary records in Huguangyan Maar Lake in Guangdong, China were constructed, and random forest models were adopted to quantify the associated impact factors. Sums of sixteen PAH (∑16 PAH) and seven phthalate (∑7 PAE) concentrations in the sediment ranged from 28.8 to 1110 and 246–4290 μg/kg dry weight in 1900–2020. Proportions of 5–6 ring PAHs to the ∑ …
Ecotoxicological Impacts Of Landfill Sites: Towards Risk Assessment, Mitigation Policies And The Role Of Artificial Intelligence, Krishna Gautam, Namrata Pandey, Dhvani Yadav, Ramakrishnan Parthasarathi, Andrew Turner, Sadasivam Anbumani, Awadhesh N. Jha
Ecotoxicological Impacts Of Landfill Sites: Towards Risk Assessment, Mitigation Policies And The Role Of Artificial Intelligence, Krishna Gautam, Namrata Pandey, Dhvani Yadav, Ramakrishnan Parthasarathi, Andrew Turner, Sadasivam Anbumani, Awadhesh N. Jha
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Waste disposal in landfills remains a global concern. Despite technological developments, landfill leachate poses a hazard to ecosystems and human health since it acts as a secondary reservoir for legacy and emerging pollutants. This study provides a systematic and scientometric review of the nature and toxicity of pollutants generated by landfills and means of assessing their potential risks. Regarding human health, unregulated waste disposal and pathogens in leachate are the leading causes of diseases reported in local populations. Both in vitro and in vivo approaches have been employed in the ecotoxicological risk assessment of landfill leachate, with model organisms ranging …
Using Gis For Flood Hazard Assessment, Alan Smith
Using Gis For Flood Hazard Assessment, Alan Smith
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
When evaluating environmental challenges such as vulnerability to natural hazards, it is important to consider both the physical exposure as well as the socio-demographic characteristics of a population. Human populations and their characteristics vary considerably over space and time. This paper introduces and evaluates an open-source resource that has been developed to introduce students in higher education to the quantitative skills required to evaluate pressing social and environmental challenges. It utilises census and hazard data within QGIS and R for a flood risk example in southwest England. A standalone online practical resource supports students to obtain, prepare, visualise and analyse …
Geography And Knowledge, Richard Yarwood
Geography And Knowledge, Richard Yarwood
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
No abstract provided.
Organic Carbon Accumulation In British Saltmarshes, Craig Smeaton, Ed Garrett, Martha B. Koot, Cai J.T. Ladd, Lucy C. Miller, Lucy Mcmahon, Bradley Foster, Natasha L.M. Barlow, William Blake, W. Roland Gehrels, Martin W. Skov, William E.N. Austin
Organic Carbon Accumulation In British Saltmarshes, Craig Smeaton, Ed Garrett, Martha B. Koot, Cai J.T. Ladd, Lucy C. Miller, Lucy Mcmahon, Bradley Foster, Natasha L.M. Barlow, William Blake, W. Roland Gehrels, Martin W. Skov, William E.N. Austin
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Saltmarshes are a crucial component of the coastal carbon (C) system and provide a natural climate regulation service through the accumulation and long-term storage of organic carbon (OC) in their soils. These coastal ecosystems are under growing pressure from a changing climate and increasing anthropogenic disturbance. To manage and protect these ecosystems for C and to allow their inclusion in emissions and natural-capital accounting, as well as carbon markets, accurate and reliable estimates of OC accumulation are required. However, globally, such data are rare or of varying quality. Here, we quantify sedimentation rates and OC densities for 21 saltmarshes in …
Controls On Distributions Of Aluminium, Manganese And Cobalt In The South Atlantic Ocean Along Geotraces Transect Ga10, Xue Gang Chen, Angela Milne, Jessica K. Klar, Martha Gledhill, Maeve C. Lohan, Yu Te Hsieh, Gideon M. Henderson, E. Malcolm S. Woodward, Eric P. Achterberg
Controls On Distributions Of Aluminium, Manganese And Cobalt In The South Atlantic Ocean Along Geotraces Transect Ga10, Xue Gang Chen, Angela Milne, Jessica K. Klar, Martha Gledhill, Maeve C. Lohan, Yu Te Hsieh, Gideon M. Henderson, E. Malcolm S. Woodward, Eric P. Achterberg
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Trace metals (TMs) manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), and aluminium (Al) have important geochemical and biological roles in the ocean. Here, we present full depth profiles of dissolved (d) and particulate Al, Mn, and Co along the latitude of 40 °S in the South Atlantic Ocean from the GEOTRACES GA10 cruises that operated in austral spring 2010 and summer 2011. The region is characterized by enhanced primary productivity and forms a key transition zone between the Southern Ocean and South Atlantic Subtropical Gyre. The mean concentrations of dAl, dCo, and dMn (±standard deviation) were 3.36 ± 2.65 nmol kg−1, …
Carbon Stocks And Fluxes From A Boreal Conifer Swamp: Filling A Knowledge Gap For Understanding The Boreal C Cycle, Sj Davidson, Marissa Davies, E Wegener, S Claussen, M Schmidt, M Peacock, M Strack
Carbon Stocks And Fluxes From A Boreal Conifer Swamp: Filling A Knowledge Gap For Understanding The Boreal C Cycle, Sj Davidson, Marissa Davies, E Wegener, S Claussen, M Schmidt, M Peacock, M Strack
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
The carbon (C) dynamics of boreal coniferous swamps are a largely understudied component of wetland carbon cycling. We investigated the above- and below-ground carbon stocks and growing season carbon dioxide (CO 2) and methane (CH 4) fluxes from a representative boreal coniferous swamp in northern Alberta, Canada in 2022. Tree inventories, understory vegetation biomass and peat cores were collected across three sub-sites within the broader swamp, with gas flux collars placed in the dominant plant communities present. Alongside the C flux measurements, environmental variables such as water table depth, soil temperature and growing season understory green leaf phenology …
Assessing The Geometry Of The Main Himalayan Thrust In Central Nepal: A Thermokinematic Approach, S. Ghoshal, N. Mcquarrie, D.M. Robinson, T.A. Ehlers
Assessing The Geometry Of The Main Himalayan Thrust In Central Nepal: A Thermokinematic Approach, S. Ghoshal, N. Mcquarrie, D.M. Robinson, T.A. Ehlers
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Since the 2015 Gorkha earthquake in Nepal, the relationship between the geometry of megathrusts and the control it exerts over the nucleation and propagation of major earthquakes has become an important topic of debate. In this study, we integrate new geologic mapping, a newly interpreted cross section from the Daraundi valley of central Nepal, two published cross sections from the neighboring Marsyangdi and Budhi Gandaki valleys, and a suite of 270 thermochronometric ages to create an integrated and validated three-dimensional kinematic model for the central Nepal Himalaya. We use this model to investigate the assertion that the westward propagation of …
Biomonitoring Of Microplastics, Anthropogenic Microfibres And Glass Retroreflective Beads By Marine Macroalgae, Cerys Rimmer, Jodie Fisher, Andrew Turner
Biomonitoring Of Microplastics, Anthropogenic Microfibres And Glass Retroreflective Beads By Marine Macroalgae, Cerys Rimmer, Jodie Fisher, Andrew Turner
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Microplastics and other microscopic debris are a concern in the coastal environment but measurements in the water column and sediment are often problematic and rely on non-standardised and highly variable methodologies. To this end, we explore the potential of different species of temperate-cold marine macroalgae as passive biomonitors of anthropogenic microparticles at three contrasting locations in southwest England. Specifically, fronds from samples of fucoids and Ulva lactuca (n = 9 in total, and three from each location) have been sectioned and analysed directly under a microscope and anthropogenic microparticles counted and subsequently characterised for chemical composition. Microparticles were heterogeneously distributed …
Effect Of The Age Of Garments Used Under Real-Life Conditions On Microfibre Release From Polyester And Cotton Clothing, Andreia N. Fernandes, Larissa Z. Lara, Francesca De Falco, Andrew Turner, Richard C. Thompson
Effect Of The Age Of Garments Used Under Real-Life Conditions On Microfibre Release From Polyester And Cotton Clothing, Andreia N. Fernandes, Larissa Z. Lara, Francesca De Falco, Andrew Turner, Richard C. Thompson
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
The release of microfibres from fabrics during laundering represents an important source of plastic and natural microfibres to aquatic environments. Garment age - how long the garment has been used - could be a key factor influencing the rate of release, yet most studies of microfibre shedding have only assessed newly manufactured products. To this end, we quantified microfibre release during laundering in domestic washing machines from polyester (PES) and cotton garments (n = 38) used in real-life conditions for periods between 1 and 31 years with different use intensities. In addition, to better understand the factors involved in microfibre …
Biochar Improves Fertility In Waste Derived Manufactured Soils, But Not Resilience To Climate Change, Jennifer M. Rhymes, Daniel Evans, Giuliano Laudone, H. Kate Schofield, Ellen Fry, Mark F. Fitzsimons
Biochar Improves Fertility In Waste Derived Manufactured Soils, But Not Resilience To Climate Change, Jennifer M. Rhymes, Daniel Evans, Giuliano Laudone, H. Kate Schofield, Ellen Fry, Mark F. Fitzsimons
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
We present a soil manufactured from waste materials, which could replace the use of peat and topsoil in plant production and reduce the pressure on natural soil resources. We tested the effect of the manufactured soil on ecosystem functions and microbial communities with and without plants present, and with and without biochar addition (Experiment 1). The resilience of the soil in response to drought and flooding, and also the effect of biochar was also tested (Experiment 2). Biochar increased soil C and N regardless of plant presence and negated the effect of the plant on soil peroxidase enzyme activity. The …
The Geodynamic Significance Of Continental Uhp Exhumation: New Constraints From The Tso Morari Complex, Nw Himalaya, Anna K. Bidgood, Andrew J. Parsons, Nick M.W. Roberts, Dave Waters, Simon Tapster, Phillip Gopon
The Geodynamic Significance Of Continental Uhp Exhumation: New Constraints From The Tso Morari Complex, Nw Himalaya, Anna K. Bidgood, Andrew J. Parsons, Nick M.W. Roberts, Dave Waters, Simon Tapster, Phillip Gopon
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
The burial and exhumation of continental crust to and from ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) is an important orogenic process, often interpreted with respect to the onset and/or subduction dynamics of continent-continent collision. Here, we investigate the timing and significance of UHP metamorphism and exhumation of the Tso Morari complex, North-West Himalaya. We present new petrochronological analyses of mafic eclogites and their host-rock gneisses, combining U-Pb zircon, rutile and xenotime geochronology (high-precision CA-ID-TIMS and high-spatial resolution LA-ICP-MS), garnet element maps, and petrographic observations. Zircon from mafic eclogite have a CA-ID-TIMS age of 46.91 ± 0.07 Ma, with REE profiles indicative of growth at …
Novel Use Of Portable Gamma Sensors To Rapidly Assess Soil Status And Recovery In Degraded East African Agro-Pastoral Land, Will Blake, Aloyce Amasi, Claire Kelly, Shaun Lewin, Francis Mkilema, Furaha Msale, Kelvin Mtei, Linus Munishi, Mona Nasseri, Patrick Ndakidemi, Alex Taylor
Novel Use Of Portable Gamma Sensors To Rapidly Assess Soil Status And Recovery In Degraded East African Agro-Pastoral Land, Will Blake, Aloyce Amasi, Claire Kelly, Shaun Lewin, Francis Mkilema, Furaha Msale, Kelvin Mtei, Linus Munishi, Mona Nasseri, Patrick Ndakidemi, Alex Taylor
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
No abstract provided.
Modelling The Building-Related Photovoltaic Power Production Potential In The Light Of The Eu's Solar Rooftop Initiative, Gergely Molnár, Luisa F. Cabeza, Souran Chatterjee, Diana Ürge-Vorsatz
Modelling The Building-Related Photovoltaic Power Production Potential In The Light Of The Eu's Solar Rooftop Initiative, Gergely Molnár, Luisa F. Cabeza, Souran Chatterjee, Diana Ürge-Vorsatz
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Decarbonizing the building sector is key to meet the EU climate goals by 2050. Although the recent policies recognized the importance of on-site solar energy production in the energy transition, there are only a few modelling studies analyzing how much the gap between the technically possible and policy-driven power generation of rooftop photovoltaic (PV) panels can be reduced. This study, therefore, uses geospatial techniques and the high-resolution Building Integrated Solar Energy (BISE) supply model to estimate the main spatial and temporal characteristics of the rooftop PV energy production potential. To support decision-making, important implications of the Solar Rooftop Initiative action …
Lithological Controls On The Timing Of Strath Terrace Staircase Formation In A Collisional Mountain Belt, Jesse R. Zondervan, Martin Stokes, Sarah J. Boulton, Matt W. Telfer, Anne E. Mather, Mhamed A. Belfoul
Lithological Controls On The Timing Of Strath Terrace Staircase Formation In A Collisional Mountain Belt, Jesse R. Zondervan, Martin Stokes, Sarah J. Boulton, Matt W. Telfer, Anne E. Mather, Mhamed A. Belfoul
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
In mountain belts, strath terrace staircases serve as markers for deriving river incision rates and erosional patterns. Distinguishing between terrace patterns influenced by external perturbations like changes in climate and tectonics and those driven by internal dynamics including feedbacks between topography, erosion and sediment transport remains challenging. We demonstrate that in a collisional mountain belt, lithology can act as a first-order control on the spatial and temporal scales of strath terrace formation. Here, we investigate the role of lithology in modulating internal dynamics and the formation of strath terraces in the Mgoun River catchment of the High Atlas in Morocco, …
Forcens-Lgm: A Dataset Of Planktonic Foraminifera Species Assemblage Composition For The Last Glacial Maximum, Lukas Jonkers, Alan Mix, Antje Voelker, Bjørg Risebrobakken, Christopher W. Smart, Elena Ivanova, Elsa Arellano-Torres, Frédérique Eynaud, Haddam Naoufel, Lars Max, Linda Rossignol, Margit H. Simon, Maria Virgínia Alves Martins, Sandro Petró, Thibaut Caley, Trond Dokken, Will Howard, Michal Kucera
Forcens-Lgm: A Dataset Of Planktonic Foraminifera Species Assemblage Composition For The Last Glacial Maximum, Lukas Jonkers, Alan Mix, Antje Voelker, Bjørg Risebrobakken, Christopher W. Smart, Elena Ivanova, Elsa Arellano-Torres, Frédérique Eynaud, Haddam Naoufel, Lars Max, Linda Rossignol, Margit H. Simon, Maria Virgínia Alves Martins, Sandro Petró, Thibaut Caley, Trond Dokken, Will Howard, Michal Kucera
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Species assemblage composition of marine microfossils offers the possibility to investigate ecological and climatological change on time scales inaccessible using conventional observations. Planktonic foraminifera - calcareous zooplankton - have an excellent fossil record and are used extensively in palaeoecology and palaeoceanography. During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 19,000 – 23,000 years ago), the climate was in a radically different state. This period is therefore a key target to investigate climate and biodiversity under different conditions than today. Studying LGM climate and ecosystems indeed has a long history, yet the most recent global synthesis of planktonic foraminifera assemblage composition is now …
The Winter Olympics, 1924–2026, Stephen Essex, J. R. Gold, M. M. Gold
The Winter Olympics, 1924–2026, Stephen Essex, J. R. Gold, M. M. Gold
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
This chapter documents and reviews the role of the Winter Olympics in changing and modernizing the built environment of its hosts, together with its long-term legacies. It identifies five sequential phases in the development of the event to offer a framework for organizing and understanding the experiences of the past twenty-four hosts of the Winter Olympic Games from 1924. With its focus on urban centres and regions as hosts, the Winter Olympics now emulates the Summer Olympics in its ability to stimulate regeneration. The concept of the Winter Olympics continues to evolve in its more challenging economic, social, and environmental …
The Achievement Of Sustainability And Legacies By The Host Cities Of The Summer Olympiads, 2012–2024, Stephen Essex, Renata Latuf De Oliveira Sanchez
The Achievement Of Sustainability And Legacies By The Host Cities Of The Summer Olympiads, 2012–2024, Stephen Essex, Renata Latuf De Oliveira Sanchez
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Since the emergence of the concept of sustainable development, the Olympic Games have become a vehicle to demonstrate and promote the principles and practices of sustainability. The aim of this paper is to explain and evaluate how the application of sustainable development in the context of the Summer Olympic Games has evolved. Two processes have been influential in this change: first, the institutional expectations of the International Olympic Committee have encouraged greater responsibility towards the creation of legacies by potential host cities through the IOC Charter, the Olympic Agenda 2020, and the Olympic Agenda 2020+5; and second, the context and …
First Evidence Of Vampyromorph Cephalopod Jaw Structures From The Sinemurian, Lower Jurassic Of Dorset, Mb Hart, Chris Moore, Gd Price
First Evidence Of Vampyromorph Cephalopod Jaw Structures From The Sinemurian, Lower Jurassic Of Dorset, Mb Hart, Chris Moore, Gd Price
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
A new specimen of the Coleoidea from the Charmouth Mudstone Formation of the Dorset Coast has been identified as Loligosepia bucklandi (Voltz, 1840). The specimen includes the gladius and jaw fragments, which represent one of few records of its kind, but the head area, arms, hooks and suckers are not discernible. It can be favourably compared to other L. bucklandi fossils in the Natural History Museum in London and the J.F. Jackson Collection in the National Museum Wales in Cardiff. The range of L. bucklandi is determined to be from the Turneri Zone, Brooki Subzone to the Obtusum Zone, Stellare …
Modelling Pyroclastic Density Currents Of The April 2021 La Soufrière St. Vincent Eruption: From Rapid Invasion Maps To Field-Constrained Numerical Simulations, Valentin Gueugneau, Sylvain Charbonnier, Victoria L. Miller, Paul Cole, Raphaël Grandin, Edna W. Dualeh
Modelling Pyroclastic Density Currents Of The April 2021 La Soufrière St. Vincent Eruption: From Rapid Invasion Maps To Field-Constrained Numerical Simulations, Valentin Gueugneau, Sylvain Charbonnier, Victoria L. Miller, Paul Cole, Raphaël Grandin, Edna W. Dualeh
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
The April 2021 La Soufrière of St Vincent eruption generated several pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) during the 2 weeks of the crisis, from 9 to 22 April. To support the hazard assessment team during this eruption, numerical simulations were performed in real time and generated rapid scenario-based PDC invasion maps with the two-phase version of the code VolcFlow, which was able to simulate both the concentrated and dilute regime of PDCs. To generate the maps, only the source properties (shape and location) and the initial volume used to generate the PDCs were varied, all other input parameters were kept constant …
Surface Ocean Biogeochemistry And Deep Ocean Circulation Control Relationships Between Nutrient-Type Trace Metals (Cd, Ni, Cu, And Zn) And Nutrients In The South Atlantic Ocean Near The Subtropical Front, Xue Gang Chen, Martha Gledhill, Maeve C. Lohan, Angela Milne, Eric P. Achterberg
Surface Ocean Biogeochemistry And Deep Ocean Circulation Control Relationships Between Nutrient-Type Trace Metals (Cd, Ni, Cu, And Zn) And Nutrients In The South Atlantic Ocean Near The Subtropical Front, Xue Gang Chen, Martha Gledhill, Maeve C. Lohan, Angela Milne, Eric P. Achterberg
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
The ocean region along the latitude of 40°S in the South Atlantic, characterized by enhanced primary productivity, forms a transition zone between the nutrient replete but iron depleted Southern Ocean, and the nitrate and iron depleted Subtropical Gyre. Here, we present distributions of nutrient-type dissolved and particulate trace metals (dTMs and pTMs) including cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) in the South Atlantic from the GEOTRACES GA10 cruises. Phytoplankton uptake, riverine and atmospheric inputs shaped dTM and pTM concentrations in surface waters (dCd 27.8 ± 36.0 pmol kg−1, n = 222; dCu 0.732 ± 0.429 …
Petrology Of The Explosive Deposits From The April 2021 Eruption Of La Soufrière Volcano, St Vincent: A Time-Series Analysis Of Microlites, Holli M. Frey, Matthew R. Manon, Jenni Barclay, Bridie V. Davies, Sydney A. Walters, Paul D. Cole, Thomas E. Christopher, Erouscilla P. Joseph
Petrology Of The Explosive Deposits From The April 2021 Eruption Of La Soufrière Volcano, St Vincent: A Time-Series Analysis Of Microlites, Holli M. Frey, Matthew R. Manon, Jenni Barclay, Bridie V. Davies, Sydney A. Walters, Paul D. Cole, Thomas E. Christopher, Erouscilla P. Joseph
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
After more than three months of lava dome extrusion, La Soufrière (St. Vincent) transitioned to a series of explosive eruptions in April 2021. Here we present a time-series petrologic analysis of the phenocryst and microlite populations during the first ∼48 hours of explosivity to constrain ascent conditions and processes that drove changes in behavior. Primary eruptive products were crystal-rich (45-50 vol%) basaltic andesites with similar phenocryst phase assemblages and compositions. The change in eruptive style is consistent with overpresurization as a consequence of second boiling from anhydrous microlite crystallization. The microlites display variation between the explosive phases, with two populations: …
Hazardous Explosive Eruptions Of A Recharging Multi-Cyclic Island Arc Caldera, Jonas Preine, Jens Karstens, Christian Hübscher, Tim Druitt, Steffen Kutterolf, Paraskevi Nomikou, Michael Manga, Ralf Gertisser, Katharina Pank, Sarah Beethe, Carole Berthod, Gareth Crutchley, Iona Mcintosh, Thomas Ronge, Masako Tominaga, Acacia Clark, Susan Debari, Raymond Johnston, Zenon Mateo, Ally Peccia, Christopher Jones, Günther Kletetschka, Abigail Metcalfe, Alexis Bernard, Hehe Chen, Shun Chiyonobu, Tatiana Fernandez-Perez, Kumar Batuk Joshi, Olga Koukousioura, Molly Mccanta, Antony Morris, Paraskevi Polymenakou, Adam Woodhouse, Yuzuru Yamamoto, Kuo Lung Wang, Hao Yang Lee, Xiaohui Li, Dimitrios Papanikolaou
Hazardous Explosive Eruptions Of A Recharging Multi-Cyclic Island Arc Caldera, Jonas Preine, Jens Karstens, Christian Hübscher, Tim Druitt, Steffen Kutterolf, Paraskevi Nomikou, Michael Manga, Ralf Gertisser, Katharina Pank, Sarah Beethe, Carole Berthod, Gareth Crutchley, Iona Mcintosh, Thomas Ronge, Masako Tominaga, Acacia Clark, Susan Debari, Raymond Johnston, Zenon Mateo, Ally Peccia, Christopher Jones, Günther Kletetschka, Abigail Metcalfe, Alexis Bernard, Hehe Chen, Shun Chiyonobu, Tatiana Fernandez-Perez, Kumar Batuk Joshi, Olga Koukousioura, Molly Mccanta, Antony Morris, Paraskevi Polymenakou, Adam Woodhouse, Yuzuru Yamamoto, Kuo Lung Wang, Hao Yang Lee, Xiaohui Li, Dimitrios Papanikolaou
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Caldera-forming eruptions of silicic volcanic systems are among the most devastating events on Earth. By contrast, post-collapse volcanic activity initiating new caldera cycles is generally considered less hazardous. Formed after Santorini’s latest caldera-forming eruption of ~1600 bce, the Kameni Volcano in the southern Aegean Sea enables the eruptive evolution of a recharging multi-cyclic caldera to be reconstructed. Kameni’s eruptive record has been documented by onshore products and historical descriptions of mainly effusive eruptions dating back to 197 bce. Here we combine high-resolution seismic reflection data with cored lithologies from International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 398 at four sites to determine …
Recreational Use Of Protected Areas: Spatiotemporal Insights From The Wikiloc Mobile App, Jorge Costa, Alberto Gomes, Martin Stokes, Miguel Saraiva
Recreational Use Of Protected Areas: Spatiotemporal Insights From The Wikiloc Mobile App, Jorge Costa, Alberto Gomes, Martin Stokes, Miguel Saraiva
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Managing the rising number of visitors to protected areas (PAs) without compromising their environmental goals is a critical challenge that requires a complete understanding of how and when visitors use these spaces. Georeferenced data from fitness-tracking apps can provide detailed information about the visitor’s spatiotemporal behaviour inside PAs, but its potential is still underexplored. This study uses georeferenced data, from Wikiloc, to analyse the visitors’ spatiotemporal behaviour in Alvão Natural Park, Portugal. Our findings show that: 52% of the visitors’ use is concentrated around the Fisgas de Ermelo Waterfall; photos’ hotspots coincide with the waterfalls and viewpoints facing them; 2% …
Lifestyle And Demographic Associations With 47 Inflammatory And Vascular Stress Biomarkers In 9876 Blood Donors, Bertram Kjerulff, Joseph Dowsett, Rikke Louise Jacobsen, Josephine Gladov, Margit Hørup Larsen, Agnete Troen Lundgaard, Karina Banasik, David Westergaard, Susan Mikkelsen, Khoa Manh Dinh, Lotte Hindhede, Kathrine Agergård Kaspersen, Michael Schwinn, Anders Juul, Betina Poulsen, Birgitte Lindegaard, Carsten Bøcker Pedersen, Clive Eric Sabel, Henning Bundgaard, Henriette Svarre Nielsen, Janne Amstrup Møller, Jens Kjærgaard Boldsen, Kristoffer Sølvsten Burgdorf, Lars Vedel Kessing, Linda Jenny Handgaard, Lise Wegner Thørner, Maria Didriksen, Mette Nyegaard, Niels Grarup, Niels Ødum
Lifestyle And Demographic Associations With 47 Inflammatory And Vascular Stress Biomarkers In 9876 Blood Donors, Bertram Kjerulff, Joseph Dowsett, Rikke Louise Jacobsen, Josephine Gladov, Margit Hørup Larsen, Agnete Troen Lundgaard, Karina Banasik, David Westergaard, Susan Mikkelsen, Khoa Manh Dinh, Lotte Hindhede, Kathrine Agergård Kaspersen, Michael Schwinn, Anders Juul, Betina Poulsen, Birgitte Lindegaard, Carsten Bøcker Pedersen, Clive Eric Sabel, Henning Bundgaard, Henriette Svarre Nielsen, Janne Amstrup Møller, Jens Kjærgaard Boldsen, Kristoffer Sølvsten Burgdorf, Lars Vedel Kessing, Linda Jenny Handgaard, Lise Wegner Thørner, Maria Didriksen, Mette Nyegaard, Niels Grarup, Niels Ødum
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Background The emerging use of biomarkers in research and tailored care introduces a need for information about the association between biomarkers and basic demographics and lifestyle factors revealing expectable concentrations in healthy individuals while considering general demographic differences. Methods A selection of 47 biomarkers, including markers of inflammation and vascular stress, were measured in plasma samples from 9876 Danish Blood Donor Study participants. Using regression models, we examined the association between biomarkers and sex, age, Body Mass Index (BMI), and smoking. Results Here we show that concentrations of inflammation and vascular stress biomarkers generally increase with higher age, BMI, and …
Beached Plastic And Other Anthropogenic Debris In The Inner Seychelles Islands: Results Of A Citizen Science Approach, Alvania Lawen, Jessica Lawen, Andrew Turner
Beached Plastic And Other Anthropogenic Debris In The Inner Seychelles Islands: Results Of A Citizen Science Approach, Alvania Lawen, Jessica Lawen, Andrew Turner
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Masses of plastic and other anthropogenic debris on beaches of inner Seychelles and derived from 53 organised clean-ups have been analysed. Debris and plastic densities ranged from 0.0011 to 0.1622 kg m−2 and 0.0004 to 0.1179 kg m−2, respectively, and data from successive cleans of the same beach resulted in respective median accumulation rates of 0.0293 and 0.0137 g m−2 d−1. There was no dependence of density or accumulation on beach location/aspect or season, but there were significant inverse relationships with beach area. This effect was attributed to most debris and plastic being trapped …
Deep Dive Into The Chronic Toxicity Of Tyre Particle Mixtures And Their Leachates, Paul Boisseaux, Cassandra Rauert, Pradeep Dewapriya, Marie Laure Delignette-Muller, Robyn Barrett, Lee Durndell, Florian Pohl, Richard Thompson, Kevin V. Thomas, Tamara Galloway
Deep Dive Into The Chronic Toxicity Of Tyre Particle Mixtures And Their Leachates, Paul Boisseaux, Cassandra Rauert, Pradeep Dewapriya, Marie Laure Delignette-Muller, Robyn Barrett, Lee Durndell, Florian Pohl, Richard Thompson, Kevin V. Thomas, Tamara Galloway
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Particles from the tread of vehicle tyres are a global pollutant, which are emitted into the environment at an approximate rate of 1.4 kg.year−1 for an average passenger-car. In this study, popular tyre brands were used to generate a tyre tread microparticle mixture. The chronic toxicity of both particles and chemical leachates were compared on a planktonic test species (Daphnia magna). Over 21 days of exposure, pristine tyre tread microparticles were more toxic (LC50 60 mg.L−1) than chemical lechates alone (LC50 542 mg.L−1). Microparticles and leachates showed distinct effects on reproduction and morphological development at …