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Articles 121 - 150 of 1481
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Relationships Between Sediment Size Distribution And Microplastic Abundance And Characteristics Along The Strandline Of A Sandy Embayment (Whitsand, Southwest England), Oliver J. Fenn, Edward J. Walklett, Andrew Turner
Relationships Between Sediment Size Distribution And Microplastic Abundance And Characteristics Along The Strandline Of A Sandy Embayment (Whitsand, Southwest England), Oliver J. Fenn, Edward J. Walklett, Andrew Turner
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Beach sediments taken from 1 m2 areas of strandline across an embayment in southwest England (Whitsand) have been analysed for grain size distribution and elemental content. Large (1–5 mm) and small (< 1 mm) microplastics were isolated by sieving and flotation in NaBr solution, respectively, and characterised by size, shape, colour and polymeric makeup. Sediments displayed varying median diameters and degrees of sorting but distributions were always positively skewed. Concentrations of Fe, K, Mn and Ti were relatively invariant, but Ca concentrations exhibited heterogeneous distributions across the bay. Large microplastics were largely composed of polyolefin-based pre-production pellets, bio-beads and fragments whose numbers were correlated with each other. Positive and inverse relationships between beads and sediment skewness and sorting, respectively, suggests that deposition of this type of plastic is favoured where sediment is well-sorted and contains a high proportion of fine material. Small microplastics were dominated by fragments and fibres <200 μm in size composed of a broader array of polymers (including epoxy resin, polyetherimide and polyvinyl alcohol). Fibres exhibited an inverse relationship with bead and pellet abundance but there was no evidence of dependency on grain size distribution, and their presence is attributed to entrapment in interstitial spaces between sediment grains. Compositional differences between large (1–5 mm) and small (< 1 mm) microplastic fragments suggests they are derived from different sources, with the former coupled with pellet and bead deposition and the latter small enough to be retained in interstitial spaces with fibres. However, a positive relationship between mean (small) fragment size and median sediment diameter suggests that their retention is more constrained by interstitial space than fibres. The study provides evidence that microplastics of different size and shape behave differently but are, ultimately, related to or controlled by sediment size distribution in the coastal littoral zone.
Determination Of Titanium Speciation In Consumer Plastics By Raman Microspectroscopy, Johanna Brazard, Takuji B.M. Adachi, Andrew Turner, Montserrat Filella
Determination Of Titanium Speciation In Consumer Plastics By Raman Microspectroscopy, Johanna Brazard, Takuji B.M. Adachi, Andrew Turner, Montserrat Filella
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
The main component of objects made of plastic is an organic polymer matrix, but plastics also contain a wide range of other chemicals, such as additives, processing aids and unintentionally added substances. At present, the scientific and regulatory communities face challenges due to the lack of access to basic information on their quantity and identity, which is crucial in relation to potential toxicity, management, recycling, environmental fate and resource uses. Moreover, an additional problem is that some additives, such as titanium oxide (TiO2), can be present in different crystallographic forms, which makes it necessary to characterise not only …
Conservation Planning For Promoting Ecosystem Service Provisioning Outside Protected Area Networks, Florence Godfrey Tarimo, Francis Moyo, Claire Kelly, Linus Kasian Munishi
Conservation Planning For Promoting Ecosystem Service Provisioning Outside Protected Area Networks, Florence Godfrey Tarimo, Francis Moyo, Claire Kelly, Linus Kasian Munishi
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Among factors that contribute to global biodiversity loss, habitat loss through unsustainable land use and land cover changes has gained prominence, with impacts being exacerbated by increasing human populations. Establishing protected area networks (PANs) is strongly advocated by national and international mechanisms, such as the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), as a primary strategy to guide biodiversity conservation and management; however, this can undermine conservation efforts outside protected areas. Understanding how people and biodiversity overlap and interact outside protected area networks (OPAN areas) is essential for setting realistic, sustainable targets to guide biodiversity conservation and ecosystem service provision beyond PAN. …
Productivity History Of The Central Okhotsk Sea And Northeast Russia During The Mid-Pleistocene Transition, Li Lo, Wei Zhu Chen, Julie Lattaud, Yi Hsueh Tsai, Simon T. Belt, Lukas Smik, Yuen Tung Kiki Wan
Productivity History Of The Central Okhotsk Sea And Northeast Russia During The Mid-Pleistocene Transition, Li Lo, Wei Zhu Chen, Julie Lattaud, Yi Hsueh Tsai, Simon T. Belt, Lukas Smik, Yuen Tung Kiki Wan
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Biological productivity, shaped by climate and environmental factors, is critical to climate feedback mechanisms and the global carbon cycle. This study investigates the measurement of six phytosterols (β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol, dinosterol, epi-brassicasterol, and 24-methylene cholesterol) from core MD01-2414 in the central Okhotsk Sea, covering the past 1.5 million years (Ma). These sterols serve as proxies for terrestrial and marine productivity in the central Okhotsk Sea and northeast Siberia. Sterol concentrations reflect global glacial/interglacial cycles between 1.2 and 0.6 Ma, with higher and lower values during interglacial and glacials intervals, respectively. X-ray fluorescence (Ba/Ti) and total organic carbon/total nitrogen (TOC/TN) ratios …
New Insights Into Active Tectonics And Landscape Evolution Of The Northernmost Chilean Central Depression, A. Vega-Ruiz, P. Victor, K. Reicherter, A. Binnie, L. Evenstar, G. González, S. A. Binnie
New Insights Into Active Tectonics And Landscape Evolution Of The Northernmost Chilean Central Depression, A. Vega-Ruiz, P. Victor, K. Reicherter, A. Binnie, L. Evenstar, G. González, S. A. Binnie
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Active deformation and landscape evolution in North Chilean forearc involve multiscale tectonic processes, such as crustal thickening causing orogenic-scale uplift and faulting modulating the mountain-front landscape. In the Central Depression, faults redirecting Quaternary drainages are poorly understood due to their subtle surface expressions and limited structural data acquisition. To address this, we combined remote-sensing analysis of high-resolution DEMs, satellite and UAV imagery, new geomorphic mapping, structural data, and morphometric analysis with available surface age dating to identify and give temporal constraints on previously unmapped faults impacting drainages across this region. Our findings reveal the reactivation of east-vergent NNW-SSE reverse to …
Sulfur Cycling In The Gabbroic Section Of The Oman Ophiolite, Ana P. Jesus, Harald Strauss, Mário A. Gonçalves, Michelle Harris, Diogo Silva, Martin J. Whitehouse, Damon A.H. Teagle
Sulfur Cycling In The Gabbroic Section Of The Oman Ophiolite, Ana P. Jesus, Harald Strauss, Mário A. Gonçalves, Michelle Harris, Diogo Silva, Martin J. Whitehouse, Damon A.H. Teagle
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
We present sulfur mineralogy and isotope geochemistry from the gabbro transect of the Oman Drilling Project to unravel the sulfur cycle during hydrothermal alteration of the plutonic oceanic crust. The sheeted dike–gabbro transition (Hole GT3A) shows low sulfide‑sulfur concentrations (GT3Amedian = 178 ppm, σ = 4873 ppm) but with great sulfur isotope variability (δ34S = −12.8 to 14.4 ‰ V-CDT, weighted average + 5.8 ‰) and unusually heavy compositions relative to in-situ or ophiolitic crust. These features are consistent with abiogenic thermochemical sulfate reduction during intense hydrothermal alteration under greenschist facies conditions which formed a low-variance and …
Exploring Proteins Within The Coccolith Matrix, Craig J. Dedman, Nishant Chauhan, Alba González-Lanchas, Chloë Baldreki, Adam A. Dowle, Tony R. Larson, Renee B.Y. Lee, Rosalind E.M. Rickaby
Exploring Proteins Within The Coccolith Matrix, Craig J. Dedman, Nishant Chauhan, Alba González-Lanchas, Chloë Baldreki, Adam A. Dowle, Tony R. Larson, Renee B.Y. Lee, Rosalind E.M. Rickaby
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Coccolithophores comprise a major component of the oceanic carbon cycle. These unicellular algae produce ornate structures made of calcium carbonate, termed coccoliths, representing ~ 50% of calcite production in the open ocean. The exact molecular mechanisms which direct and control coccolith formation are unknown. In this study, we report on the presence and functional features of proteins within the coccoliths produced by a range of model coccolithophore species including: the globally abundant and well-studied Gephyrocapsa huxleyi (formerly Emiliania huxleyi) and related Gephyrocapsa oceanica, as well as the larger and more heavily calcified Coccolithus braarudii. Protein features were compared between species …
The Occurrence And Biogeochemical Cycling Of Quaternary, Ternary And Volatile Amines In Marine Systems, Mark Fitzsimons, Ruth Airs, Yin Chen
The Occurrence And Biogeochemical Cycling Of Quaternary, Ternary And Volatile Amines In Marine Systems, Mark Fitzsimons, Ruth Airs, Yin Chen
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
This review provides a critical assessment of knowledge regarding the occurrence and behaviour of volatile, low molecular weight amines, particularly methylamines and quaternary amines, in marine aquatic systems. It provides an up-to-date evaluation of their presence within marine ecosystems, the processes likely to control their flux across the sea-air interface, and analytical techniques associated with their measurement. Interest in the occurrence and cycling of these groups of compounds in seawater has increased within the last 10–15 years, due to their potential role in climate regulation. As such, the need for wider measurements and mechanistic studies to elucidate their role within …
Impact Of Global Environmental Changes On The Range Contraction Of Eurasian Moose Since The Late Pleistocene, Magdalena Niedziałkowska, Marcin Górny, Joanna Gornia, Danijela Popović, Mateusz Baca, Urszula Ratajczak-Skrzatek, Oleksandr Kovalchuk, Maciej Sykut, Małgorzata Suska-Malawska, Paweł Mackiewicz, Emilia Hofman-Kamińska, Rafał Kowalczyk, Maxim Czarniauski, Kamilla Pawłowska, Daniel Makowiecki, Larisa Tataurova, Alexey Bondarev, Andrey Shpansky, Albert V. Protopopov, Aleksandr Dmitrievich Sorokin, Urmas Saarma, Pavel Kosintsev, Ulrich Schmölcke, Jarosław Wilczyński, Grzegorz Lipecki, Adam Nadachowski, Gennady G. Boeskorov, Gennady F. Baryshnikov, Roberto Zorzin, Nadezhda Vorobiova
Impact Of Global Environmental Changes On The Range Contraction Of Eurasian Moose Since The Late Pleistocene, Magdalena Niedziałkowska, Marcin Górny, Joanna Gornia, Danijela Popović, Mateusz Baca, Urszula Ratajczak-Skrzatek, Oleksandr Kovalchuk, Maciej Sykut, Małgorzata Suska-Malawska, Paweł Mackiewicz, Emilia Hofman-Kamińska, Rafał Kowalczyk, Maxim Czarniauski, Kamilla Pawłowska, Daniel Makowiecki, Larisa Tataurova, Alexey Bondarev, Andrey Shpansky, Albert V. Protopopov, Aleksandr Dmitrievich Sorokin, Urmas Saarma, Pavel Kosintsev, Ulrich Schmölcke, Jarosław Wilczyński, Grzegorz Lipecki, Adam Nadachowski, Gennady G. Boeskorov, Gennady F. Baryshnikov, Roberto Zorzin, Nadezhda Vorobiova
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Climatic oscillations are considered primary factors influencing the distribution of various life forms on Earth. Large species adapted to cold climates are particularly vulnerable to extinction due to climate changes. In our study, we investigated whether temperature increase since the Late Pleistocene and the contraction of environmental niche during the Holocene were the main factors contributing to the decreasing range of moose (Alces alces) in Europe. We also examined whether there were significant differences in environmental conditions between areas inhabited by moose in Europe and Asia, that could support the division of moose into western and eastern forms, as suggested …
Terrestrial Evidence For Volcanogenic Sulfate-Driven Cooling Event ~30 Ka Before The Cretaceous–Paleogene Mass Extinction: Volcanism-Induced Cooling ~30 Ka Pre-K–Pg Boundary, Lauren O'Connor, Rhodri Jerrett, Gregory Price, Tyler Lyson, Sabine Lengger, Francien Peterse, Bart Van Dongen
Terrestrial Evidence For Volcanogenic Sulfate-Driven Cooling Event ~30 Ka Before The Cretaceous–Paleogene Mass Extinction: Volcanism-Induced Cooling ~30 Ka Pre-K–Pg Boundary, Lauren O'Connor, Rhodri Jerrett, Gregory Price, Tyler Lyson, Sabine Lengger, Francien Peterse, Bart Van Dongen
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Alongside the Chicxulub meteorite impact, Deccan volcanism is considered a primary trigger for the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) mass extinction. Models suggest that volcanic outgassing of carbon and sulfur—potent environmental stressors—drove global temperature change, but the relative timing, duration, and magnitude of such change remains uncertain. Here, we use the organic paleothermometer MBT′5me and the carbon-isotope composition of two K–Pg-spanning lignites from the western Unites States, to test models of volcanogenic air temperature change in the ~100 kyr before the mass extinction. Our records show long-term warming of ~3°C, probably driven by Deccan CO2 emissions, and reveal a transient (<10 kyr) ~5°C cooling event, coinciding with the peak of the Poladpur “pulse” of Deccan eruption ~30 kyr before the K–Pg boundary. This cooling was likely caused by the aerosolization of volcanogenic sulfur. Temperatures returned to pre-event values before the mass extinction, suggesting that, from the terrestrial perspective, volcanogenic climate change was not the primary cause of K–Pg extinction.
Mental Health, Well-Being And Resilience In Agricultural Areas: Gaps And Priorities. A Research Agenda For The Global North, Caroline Nye, Rebecca Wheeler, David Rose, Florence Becot, Mark Holton, Duska Knezevic Hocevar, Jorie Knook, Sarah Kyle, Maria Partalidou, Mark Riley, Artur Steiner, Hannah Whitley
Mental Health, Well-Being And Resilience In Agricultural Areas: Gaps And Priorities. A Research Agenda For The Global North, Caroline Nye, Rebecca Wheeler, David Rose, Florence Becot, Mark Holton, Duska Knezevic Hocevar, Jorie Knook, Sarah Kyle, Maria Partalidou, Mark Riley, Artur Steiner, Hannah Whitley
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
This paper offers an overview of research perspectives, gaps, and priorities within the field of mental health and well-being among farming communities in the Global North. Developed by an international working group of scholars with expertise in the mental health and well-being of agricultural and rural communities, it outlines the importance of developing an international research agenda in this subject area by presenting five propositions. Each of the propositions addresses current research gaps and/or highlights potential advancements in investigations into one of the following areas of study: i) who is being researched, ii) what is being researched, iii) geographical gaps …
Particle Size And Settling Velocity Of Bed And Suspended Sediments For Mud-Sand Beds, Leo Van Rijn, Luitze Perk, Bas Van Maren, Andy Manning
Particle Size And Settling Velocity Of Bed And Suspended Sediments For Mud-Sand Beds, Leo Van Rijn, Luitze Perk, Bas Van Maren, Andy Manning
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
The particle size and the settling velocity of sediments are key parameters in sediment transport studies. However, it remains surprisingly difficult to determine particle size and settling velocity distribution of fine-grained sediments (mud-sand). A large range of methodologies exist to measure either the particle size distribution or to measure the settling velocity. An important influential parameter is the shape of fine-grained sediments, with clay minerals being shaped as plates rather than as spheres. Furthermore, the settling velocity of fine particles is influenced by turbulent shear and flocculation processes. Sometimes, the sediment samples are pre-treated (destroying inter-particle bonds) to measure the …
Loss Of Trace Elements From Agricultural Soil, S. D.W. Comber, R. J. Schindler, M. S.A. Blackwell, T. Darch
Loss Of Trace Elements From Agricultural Soil, S. D.W. Comber, R. J. Schindler, M. S.A. Blackwell, T. Darch
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Soil erosion is a world-wide issue driven by land management and climate change. Research has focussed on soil loss rates from agricultural land. However, the loss of trace elements essential for soil and plant health, or potentially toxic elements that occur as impurities in fertilisers and manures, is poorly understood. This study reports on the loads and forms of copper, cadmium, manganese, nickel, selenium and zinc lost from three types of agricultural systems at Rothamsted Research’s North Wyke Farm Platform over five individual storm events. Loads reflected a combination of concentrations in the soil, annual additions from fertilisers, the ability …
Deconstructing Contemporary Disposable Vapes: A Material And Elemental Analysis, Andrew Turner, John W. Scott, Thomas Backshall-Kennedy, Maya C. Dabrowski
Deconstructing Contemporary Disposable Vapes: A Material And Elemental Analysis, Andrew Turner, John W. Scott, Thomas Backshall-Kennedy, Maya C. Dabrowski
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Disposable e-cigarettes (vapes) are becoming increasingly popular but there are concerns about their impacts on human health, the environment and resource sustainability. A better understanding of these impacts and potential solutions requires characterisation and quantification of the materials and chemicals used in their construction. In the present study we dismantle nine types of popular, single-use vapes and analyse the components by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and pyrolysis-gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The median dry mass of vapes was about 50 g, and the main material contribution was either plastic (up to about 80 %) or metal (up to about 85 %, and …
Impact Of The 2020 Covid-19 Lockdown On The Concentration Of Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds In A Uk Urban Atmosphere, Emmanuel Bernard, Rebecca L. Cordell, Robert S. Blake, Michael J. Wilde, Paul S. Monks
Impact Of The 2020 Covid-19 Lockdown On The Concentration Of Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds In A Uk Urban Atmosphere, Emmanuel Bernard, Rebecca L. Cordell, Robert S. Blake, Michael J. Wilde, Paul S. Monks
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
The changes in air quality brought about by the COVID-19 lockdowns can provide valuable insight into how longer-term reductions in emissions might affect atmospheric composition. In urban Leicester UK, the 2020 COVID “lockdown” brought about several notable changes in atmospheric composition, including a considerable decrease (20–60%) in concentrations of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs). Given their varied emission sources and lifetimes, NMVOC data can give valuable insights into how behavioural change impact atmospheric composition. The total concentration of 48 NMVOCs at roadside (RS) sites decreased from a pre-lockdown (sampled 16th-24th March 2020) concentration of 181.3 ± 41.4 μg/m3 to …
Higher Abundance Of Disturbance-Favoured Trees And Shrubs In European Temperate Woodlands Prior To The Late-Quaternary Extinction Of Megafauna, Elena A. Pearce, Florence Mazier, Ralph Fyfe, Charles W. Davison, Signe Normand, Maria Antonia Serge, Paolo Scussolini, Jens Christian Svenning
Higher Abundance Of Disturbance-Favoured Trees And Shrubs In European Temperate Woodlands Prior To The Late-Quaternary Extinction Of Megafauna, Elena A. Pearce, Florence Mazier, Ralph Fyfe, Charles W. Davison, Signe Normand, Maria Antonia Serge, Paolo Scussolini, Jens Christian Svenning
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Large herbivorous mammals strongly influence vegetation structure by creating and maintaining open areas and causing disturbance within closed woody habitats. The herbivores alive today in Europe are only a small remnant of the large species that existed in high diversity and abundance before modern humans. The extinction of so many large herbivores during the last 50,000 years, and the loss of megaherbivores (body weight ≥1000 kg) from most of the continent before the Pleistocene–Holocene transition, is likely to have had cascading effects on vegetation structure and composition. To evaluate these effects within the European temperate forest biome, we examine the …
Global Survey Of Paleo-Bedforms On Mars, Matthew Chojnacki, Lori K. Fenton, Lauren A. Edgar, Mackenzie Day, Christopher S. Edwards, Aaron R. Weintraub, Amber L. Gullikson, Matt W. Telfer
Global Survey Of Paleo-Bedforms On Mars, Matthew Chojnacki, Lori K. Fenton, Lauren A. Edgar, Mackenzie Day, Christopher S. Edwards, Aaron R. Weintraub, Amber L. Gullikson, Matt W. Telfer
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Sedimentary processes on Mars have contributed to a plethora of landforms, both ancient and modern. Many of these are aeolian- or fluvial-formed constructs that meet the morphologic criteria for dunes and ripples but are clearly lithified and part of the rock record. This study conducted a survey of Mars using data returned from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) to characterize the spatial distribution, origin, and geologic context of these preserved ancient bedforms, termed here as paleo-bedforms. The most compelling class include organized groups of 2–80-m-tall, crescentic to transverse features spaced at 100–1000 m wavelengths at Apollinaris Sulci, Valles …
Environmental Transport And Sorting Of Glass Retroreflective Microbeads And Their Potential As Proxies For Road Marking Paints, Andrew Turner, Adam Bridgwater, Emily Marshall
Environmental Transport And Sorting Of Glass Retroreflective Microbeads And Their Potential As Proxies For Road Marking Paints, Andrew Turner, Adam Bridgwater, Emily Marshall
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Road marking paints are a potentially important contributor to the global microplastic pool but very little reliable information is available on their erosion or environmental distributions. As potential carriers of or proxies for road paints, we determine the concentrations and sorting of retroreflective glass microbeads in marking materials and in fractionated (< 5 mm) local dusts, soils and sediments. As an aid to our investigation, we also determine the concentrations of metals of geochemical significance or components of road paint pigments in markings and geosolids. Concentrations of beads up to 92,800 kg−1 were observed in street dusts, with a median diameter (350 μm) greater than that in road marking samples (270 μm). Few beads were found in adjacent (< 5 m) or more remote soils (six beads in ten 50-g samples) and none were detected in replicates of a sample of roof dust, suggesting that aeolian transport is limited. Concentrations up to 3700 kg−1 were found in estuarine sediments close to bridges or stormwater runoff effluents, and with increasing sediment depth concentrations and …
Are Biobased Microfibers Less Harmful Than Conventional Plastic Microfibers: Evidence From Earthworms, W. Courtene-Jones, F. De Falco, F. Burgevin, R. D. Handy, R. C. Thompson
Are Biobased Microfibers Less Harmful Than Conventional Plastic Microfibers: Evidence From Earthworms, W. Courtene-Jones, F. De Falco, F. Burgevin, R. D. Handy, R. C. Thompson
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Biobased plastics are sometimes promoted as “environmentally friendly” compared to their conventional petrochemical-based counterparts, but their ecotoxicity is only partially understood. Biobased fibers are widely used in clothing and wet wipes and can accumulate in soils through the application of biosolid fertilizers. This study examined the lethal thresholds and sublethal toxicity of chemically characterized, additive-free, biobased (viscose and lyocell) compared to petrochemical-based (polyester) fibers on the key ecosystem engineer, Esenia fetida. Viscose and lyocell had LC20 values of 14.00 and 22.66 mg·L-1, respectively, and no observed effect concentrations (NOEC) of 0-2.8 mg·L-1 (72 h, OECD TG207 …
Radiological And Elemental Composition Of Cryoconite And Glacier Mice From Vatnajökull, Iceland, Emma Smith, Caroline Clason, Geoff Millward, Alex Taylor, Ralph Fyfe
Radiological And Elemental Composition Of Cryoconite And Glacier Mice From Vatnajökull, Iceland, Emma Smith, Caroline Clason, Geoff Millward, Alex Taylor, Ralph Fyfe
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Cryoconite has been demonstrated to be an efficient accumulator of some classes of contaminants on glaciers in both mountain and polar environments, however the accumulation of contaminants in cryoconite in Iceland has received very little attention to date. To understand the spatial variability of natural and anthropogenic fallout radionuclides and metals on glaciers in Iceland, we present the first study of this region including both cryoconite from three glaciers: Virkisjökull; Skaftafellsjökull; and Falljökull, together with moss balls (‘glacier mice’) from Falljökull. The cryoconite samples and glacier mice were analysed using XRF spectrometry to assess their elemental composition and gamma spectrometry …
Fulfilling The Promise Of Breathomics: Considerations For The Discovery And Validation Of Exhaled Volatile Biomarkers, Paul Brinkman, Michael Wilde, Waqar Ahmed, Ran Wang, Marc Van Der Schee, Shahd Abuhelal, Chad Schaber, Danen Cunoosamy, Graham W Clarke, Anke H Maitland-Van Der Zee, Sven-Erik Dahlén, Salman Siddiqui, Stephen J Fowler
Fulfilling The Promise Of Breathomics: Considerations For The Discovery And Validation Of Exhaled Volatile Biomarkers, Paul Brinkman, Michael Wilde, Waqar Ahmed, Ran Wang, Marc Van Der Schee, Shahd Abuhelal, Chad Schaber, Danen Cunoosamy, Graham W Clarke, Anke H Maitland-Van Der Zee, Sven-Erik Dahlén, Salman Siddiqui, Stephen J Fowler
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
The exhaled breath represents an ideal matrix for non-invasive biomarker discovery, and exhaled metabolomics have the potential to be clinically useful in the era of precision medicine. In this concise translational review we will specifically address volatile organic compounds in the breath, with a view towards fulfilling the promise of these as actionable biomarkers, in particular for lung diseases. We review the literature paying attention to seminal work linked to key milestones in breath research; discuss potential applications for breath biomarkers across disease areas and healthcare systems, including the perspectives of industry; and outline critical aspects of study design that …
Cascading Hazards In Volcanic Environments: Monitoring, Modelling And Impact Analysis Of Tsunamigenic Flows For Risk Reduction, Irene Manzella, Symeon Makris, Daniele Casalbore, Paul Cole, Karim Kelfoun, Aggeliki Georgiopoulou, Anna Hicks, Cees Van Westen
Cascading Hazards In Volcanic Environments: Monitoring, Modelling And Impact Analysis Of Tsunamigenic Flows For Risk Reduction, Irene Manzella, Symeon Makris, Daniele Casalbore, Paul Cole, Karim Kelfoun, Aggeliki Georgiopoulou, Anna Hicks, Cees Van Westen
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Volcanic environments present complex multi-hazard scenarios where primary volcanic activity can trigger cascading hazards or where multiple hazards can occur simultaneously, leading to cascading and compounding impacts on communities and ecosystems. Stromboli, one of the most active volcanoes globally, exemplifies these challenges with its frequent eruptions, pyroclastic density currents, landslides, and tsunamis. In the present study, the mechanisms behind tsunamigenic flows at Stromboli are investigated by using extensive monitoring data from previous studies and numerical modelling. Key findings from simulations and parametric analysis are presented, showing the relationships between mass flow dynamics, morphological factors, and tsunami generation. A more comprehensive …
Homelessness And Sofa-Surfing: Everyday Belonging, Mobilities, Identities And Morals In Hidden Spaces Of Welfare, Kieran Green, Mark Holton, Richard Yarwood
Homelessness And Sofa-Surfing: Everyday Belonging, Mobilities, Identities And Morals In Hidden Spaces Of Welfare, Kieran Green, Mark Holton, Richard Yarwood
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
This paper advances existing work on the geographies of homelessness by considering the phenomenon of sofa-surfing—defined as the practice of living in a host's home, without a right to reside, in the absence of more permanent accommodation—as a distinctive, and until recently somewhat hidden, form of homelessness. Examining sofa-surfing is important as it recognises the varied and intersecting spatial, temporal and mobility characteristics of vulnerable populations, often thought to be living at the margins of homelessness. Across the globe, the significant increase in sofa-surfing since the 2010s, coupled with the unique, and frequently hidden, movements between ‘host’ homes, and the …
Do Linear Clearings In Boreal Peatlands Recover? Comparing Taxonomic, Phylogenetic, And Functional Plant Diversity, Ellie M. Goud, Scott J. Davidson, Anna Dabros, Kimberly Kleinke, Megan A. Schmidt, Maria Strack
Do Linear Clearings In Boreal Peatlands Recover? Comparing Taxonomic, Phylogenetic, And Functional Plant Diversity, Ellie M. Goud, Scott J. Davidson, Anna Dabros, Kimberly Kleinke, Megan A. Schmidt, Maria Strack
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Land-use changes and anthropogenic disturbances are major threats to biodiversity, affecting ecosystem function and recovery. In boreal Alberta, Canada, petroleum development has led to extensive landscape fragmentation, notably through linear clearings created for seismic exploration that remove surface vegetation and microtopography. Despite partial recovery on forested seismic lines, peatland recovery is often arrested, impacting wildlife and carbon dynamics. Restoration efforts employ silviculture techniques to create microtopography and foster tree growth, but the efficacy of restoration treatments in restoring peatland plant diversity remains uncertain. We compared taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity of understory plant communities across treated and untreated seismic lines, …
Buried Ice-Wedge Pseudomorphs As Indicators Of Younger Dryas Climate-Related Lake Evolution, Dali Lake, Inner Mongolia, Xiangge Zhang, Martin Stokes, Xujiao Zhang, Haoyue Zhang, Zexin He, Yifan Wang, Lingyue Wang, Haoshu Rao, Long Deng, Jingmin Guo, Junlei Li, Mingzhong Tian, Junxiang Zhao
Buried Ice-Wedge Pseudomorphs As Indicators Of Younger Dryas Climate-Related Lake Evolution, Dali Lake, Inner Mongolia, Xiangge Zhang, Martin Stokes, Xujiao Zhang, Haoyue Zhang, Zexin He, Yifan Wang, Lingyue Wang, Haoshu Rao, Long Deng, Jingmin Guo, Junlei Li, Mingzhong Tian, Junxiang Zhao
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Ice wedges / pseudomorphs (IWPs) are key indicators of cold-climate (periglacial) frozen ground conditions. Their occurrence within the sedimentary sequences of lacustrine landforms can provide important evidence about palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic change. However, research using lake sediments in a geomorphological context to investigate climate change is limited. Here, we use newly discovered IWPs developed within lake sediment sequences to explore climate-related lake-level fluctuations in the Dali Lake region, a key area of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) system that drives Quaternary hydroclimate variability across East Asia. The IWPs penetrate down through clay-silt lake sediments and are overlain by coarser-fossiliferous, …
The Biad Standards: Recommendations For Archaeological Data Publication And Insights From The Big Interdisciplinary Archaeological Database, Samantha S. Reiter, Robert Staniuk, Jan Kolář, Jelena Bulatović, Helene Agerskov Rose, Natalia E. Ryabogina, Claudia Speciale, Nicoline Schjerven, Bettina Schulz Paulsson, Victor Yan Kin Lee, Elisabetta Canteri, Alice Revill, Fredrik Dahlberg, Serena Sabatini, Karin M. Frei, Fernando Racimo, Maria Ivanova-Bieg, Wolfgang Traylor, Emily J. Kate, Eve Derenne, Lea Frank, Jessie Woodbridge, Ralph Fyfe, Stephen Shennan, Kristian Kristiansen, Mark G. Thomas, Adrian Timpson
The Biad Standards: Recommendations For Archaeological Data Publication And Insights From The Big Interdisciplinary Archaeological Database, Samantha S. Reiter, Robert Staniuk, Jan Kolář, Jelena Bulatović, Helene Agerskov Rose, Natalia E. Ryabogina, Claudia Speciale, Nicoline Schjerven, Bettina Schulz Paulsson, Victor Yan Kin Lee, Elisabetta Canteri, Alice Revill, Fredrik Dahlberg, Serena Sabatini, Karin M. Frei, Fernando Racimo, Maria Ivanova-Bieg, Wolfgang Traylor, Emily J. Kate, Eve Derenne, Lea Frank, Jessie Woodbridge, Ralph Fyfe, Stephen Shennan, Kristian Kristiansen, Mark G. Thomas, Adrian Timpson
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
This article presents a series of recommendations for the publication of archaeological data, to improve their usability. These 12 recommendations were formulated by archaeological data experts who mined thousands of publications for different data types (including funerary practices, accelerator mass spectrometry dating, stable isotopes, zooarchaeology, archaeobotany and pathologies) during the initial construction of the Big Interdisciplinary Archaeological Database (BIAD). We also include data harmonisation vocabularies utilised for the integration of data from different recording systems. The case studies we cite to illustrate the recommendations are grounded in examples from the published literature and are presented in a problem/solution format. Though …
The Pace Of Life For Forest Trees, Lalasia Bialic-Murphy, Robert M. Mcelderry, Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert, Johan Van Den Hoogen, Pieter A. Zuidema, Oliver L. Phillips, Edmar Almeida De Oliveira, Patricia Alvarez Loayza, Esteban Alvarez-Davila, Luciana F. Alves, Vinícius Andrade Maia, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Lidiany Carolina Arantes Da Silva, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Eric Arets, Julen Astigarraga, Fabrício Baccaro, Timothy Baker, Olaf Banki, Jorcely Barroso, Lilian Blanc, Damien Bonal, Frans Bongers, Kauane Maiara Bordin, Roel Brienen, Marcelo Brilhante De Medeiros, José Luís Camargo, Felipe Carvalho Araújo, Carolina V. Castilho, Wendeson Castro
The Pace Of Life For Forest Trees, Lalasia Bialic-Murphy, Robert M. Mcelderry, Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert, Johan Van Den Hoogen, Pieter A. Zuidema, Oliver L. Phillips, Edmar Almeida De Oliveira, Patricia Alvarez Loayza, Esteban Alvarez-Davila, Luciana F. Alves, Vinícius Andrade Maia, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Lidiany Carolina Arantes Da Silva, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Eric Arets, Julen Astigarraga, Fabrício Baccaro, Timothy Baker, Olaf Banki, Jorcely Barroso, Lilian Blanc, Damien Bonal, Frans Bongers, Kauane Maiara Bordin, Roel Brienen, Marcelo Brilhante De Medeiros, José Luís Camargo, Felipe Carvalho Araújo, Carolina V. Castilho, Wendeson Castro
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Tree growth and longevity trade-offs fundamentally shape the terrestrial carbon balance. Yet, we lack a unified understanding of how such trade-offs vary across the world's forests. By mapping life history traits for a wide range of species across the Americas, we reveal considerable variation in life expectancies from 10 centimeters in diameter (ranging from 1.3 to 3195 years) and show that the pace of life for trees can be accurately classified into four demographic functional types. We found emergent patterns in the strength of trade-offs between growth and longevity across a temperature gradient. Furthermore, we show that the diversity of …
Effects Of Perceived Environmental Quality And Psychological Status On Outdoor Thermal Comfort: A Panel Study In Southern China, Cho Kwong Charlie Lam, Haonan Pan, Weixiao Nie, Xiaohui Li, Jie Wu, Zhe Yin, Jiejie Han
Effects Of Perceived Environmental Quality And Psychological Status On Outdoor Thermal Comfort: A Panel Study In Southern China, Cho Kwong Charlie Lam, Haonan Pan, Weixiao Nie, Xiaohui Li, Jie Wu, Zhe Yin, Jiejie Han
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Urban residents are exposed to multiple environmental stimuli. Past studies have examined the influence of heat stress on outdoor thermal comfort, but the cross-modal effects of various sensory stimuli on outdoor thermal comfort remain unclear. This study used chi-square tests and logistic regression to examine the cross-modal effects of perceived environmental quality (acoustic, visual and air quality) and psychological status (irritability, perceived tiredness) on outdoor thermal comfort. We conducted thermal walk experiments in Guangzhou, China, in September and October 2022. This panel study consisted of mobile environmental sensors and thermal comfort surveys by fourteen university students on three walking routes, …
Time Scales And Mechanisms Of Uranium Uptake In Altered Ocean Crust; Observations From The ∼15 Million Year-Old Site 1256 In The Eastern Equatorial Pacific, Morten B. Andersen, Joel B. Rodney, Heye Freymuth, Flurin Vils, Michelle Harris, Kari Cooper, Damon A.H. Teagle, Tim Elliott
Time Scales And Mechanisms Of Uranium Uptake In Altered Ocean Crust; Observations From The ∼15 Million Year-Old Site 1256 In The Eastern Equatorial Pacific, Morten B. Andersen, Joel B. Rodney, Heye Freymuth, Flurin Vils, Michelle Harris, Kari Cooper, Damon A.H. Teagle, Tim Elliott
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
The alteration of ocean crust through hydrothermal seawater circulation facilitates chemical exchange between Earth's surface and interior. Hydrothermal alteration leads to uranium (U) removal from seawater and net U uptake by the ocean crust, particularly during low temperature alteration that occurs on the vast ocean ridge flanks away from the spreading axes. Determining the timescales of U uptake and its associated 238U/235U signature has important implications for understanding U exchange processes during subduction and recycling into the mantle. Here we study the U systematics of ∼15 million year-old ocean crust drilled at Site 1256 on the eastern …
The Anchoring Policy Perspective On Policy Change: Mechanisms, Applications And Analytical Challenges, Tor Håkon Jackson Inderberg, Ian Bailey
The Anchoring Policy Perspective On Policy Change: Mechanisms, Applications And Analytical Challenges, Tor Håkon Jackson Inderberg, Ian Bailey
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
How functional relationships between policies influence policy design and policy change has received relatively limited attention within public policy scholarship despite the importance of policy coordination. This article contributes to addressing this gap by introducing the Anchoring Policies Perspective (APP), a framework for analysing interactions between policies in functional policy hierarchies. The APP examines how formal links between anchoring policies (AP) and functionally subordinate policies (SP) generate anchoring effects, whereby the provisions codified in APs generate alignment pressures that channel the design of SPs towards the norms and goals of the AP. In the article, we examine the analytical contribution …