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The Influence Attitude Has On Student Achievement In A Developmental College Algebra Course., Michael T. Wilder Jan 2004

The Influence Attitude Has On Student Achievement In A Developmental College Algebra Course., Michael T. Wilder

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Faced with unacceptable failure rates in introductory mathematics courses, institutions of higher learning are incorporating methods of placing students into their math courses based upon the students' preexisting math knowledge or skills. West Virginia University is no exception and is currently incorporating a combination of ACT/SAT scores with an internal placement exam to properly place students in the appropriate math course. This method is not working in that failure rates continue to rise in spite of continual increases in placement requirements. Based upon anecdotal evidence by experienced faculty over a ten year period it became clear that factors other than …

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The Role Of Mitochondria In Mediating Silica-Induced Apoptosis And Inflammatory Cytokine Production Of Alveolar Macrophages., Shuiying Hu Jan 2004

The Role Of Mitochondria In Mediating Silica-Induced Apoptosis And Inflammatory Cytokine Production Of Alveolar Macrophages., Shuiying Hu

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Exposure to silica dust induces lung inflammation and a progressive development of pulmonary fibrosis. The objective of the current study is to provide in vitro and in vivo correlations of a mechanism through which silica induces apoptosis in Alveolar Macrophage (AM), and to examine the potential relationship between silica-induced apoptosis and cellular production of proinflammatory cytokines. For in vivo studies, AM from male Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to saline or 20 mg/rat silica by intratracheal instillation were isolated and characterized for cytokine production and apoptosis. For in vitro studies, AM from normal rats were isolated and characterized for cytokine production and …

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The Impact Of Instructor Credibility And Employment Of Relevance Strategies On College Students., Aaron D. Johnson Jan 2004

The Impact Of Instructor Credibility And Employment Of Relevance Strategies On College Students., Aaron D. Johnson

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This research investigated the impact of an instructor's credibility and employment of relevance strategies on a student's perception of content relevance, interest, state motivation, affective learning, and cognitive learning. The results of this study indicated a moderately strong positive main effect for an instructor's credibility on all of the outcome variables, and weak positive interaction effects were observed between instructor credibility and employment of relevance strategies on relevance and the meaningfulness dimension of empowerment. A significant main effect for an instructor's employment of relevance strategies was not found. The results of this study indicated the importance of an instructor's credibility, …

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Optical Properties Of Cadmium Germanium Arsenide., Lihua Bai Jan 2004

Optical Properties Of Cadmium Germanium Arsenide., Lihua Bai

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

CdGeAs2 is a nonlinear optical material that can be used in frequency conversion applications in the infrared. In this work, absorption and photoluminescence (PL) experiments were performed on over 200 CdGeAs 2 bulk crystals from 5 K to room temperature. The data can be explained by a model of three defects, including one shallow donor, one shallow acceptor, and one deep acceptor. The samples were grown by the horizontal gradient freeze technique, and as-grown unintentionally doped samples are p-type. An absorption band near 5.5 μm due to an intervalence-band transition is observed in those samples which have enhanced concentration of …

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The Metabolism Of Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Catalyzed By Cytochrome P450 2c Enzymes., Tina Marie Bland Jan 2004

The Metabolism Of Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Catalyzed By Cytochrome P450 2c Enzymes., Tina Marie Bland

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), the primary psychoactive constituent of marijuana, is subject to first pass hepatic metabolism primarily by hydroxylation to yield both active and inactive oxygenated products. The primary metabolite is formed via oxidation of the allylic methyl group to yield 11-hydroxy-Δ9-THC (THC-OH), which is further metabolized to 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-THC (THC-COOH). The formation of THC-OH is mediated in part by CYP2C9. However, no studies have been conducted that focus on the human metabolism of Δ 9-THC with specific attention given to CYP2C enzyme kinetics. Expressed CYP2C9.1 exhibits high affinity for the hydroxylation of Δ9-THC (apparent Km of 2 μM), similar to that …

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Internationalizing An Institution: An Emerging Model Of Effective Leadership, Infrastructure And Cultural Factors., Amelia Davis Courts Jan 2004

Internationalizing An Institution: An Emerging Model Of Effective Leadership, Infrastructure And Cultural Factors., Amelia Davis Courts

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

As the United States continues to play a leadership role in the international arena, it depends on the higher education sector to prepare capable leaders who can be guiding forces in the international economic, political, and social environments of the twenty-first century (National Association of State and Land Grant Universities, 2000). This is the ultimate goal of international education. Although current literature clearly describes the benefits of internationalizing higher education, there are few studies that describe how it can be successfully implemented at the institutional level. Using a qualitative, grounded theory approach, this study examined the factors that contributed to …

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The Uaw, American Trade Policy, And The Transformation Of The Global Automobile Industry, 1945-1973., Mark A. Esposito Jan 2004

The Uaw, American Trade Policy, And The Transformation Of The Global Automobile Industry, 1945-1973., Mark A. Esposito

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In 1934, the U.S. Congress passed the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act, which empowered the president to negotiate reciprocally-beneficial tariff reductions with foreign governments. The bill sparked a heated debate in congress. Protectionists believed freer trade would allow cheaply-made products to flood the American market, while liberal trade advocates asserted that freer trade would improve employment and contribute to economic recovery. Organized labor was divided on trade and employment issues in 1934. During World War II, however, free trade supporters, including much of organized labor, associated liberalized trade with full employment. Organized labor believed that full employment and fair labor standards …

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A Symbolist Melodrama: The Confluence Of Poem And Music In Debussy's "La Flute De Pan"., Laurel Astrid Ewell Jan 2004

A Symbolist Melodrama: The Confluence Of Poem And Music In Debussy's "La Flute De Pan"., Laurel Astrid Ewell

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Composed by Debussy in 1913, as incidental music for Psyche , a dramatic poem by French symbolist poet and playwright Gabriel Mourey, the work for solo flute known today as Syrinx, has since become a standard of the solo flute repertoire. Anders Ljungar-Chapelon, editor of a new edition based on a recently recovered period manuscript, has challenged traditional conceptions of the work's compositional context. Debussy's original title for Syrinx was La Flute de Pan and appeared as a musical component of a melodrame within the play, just prior to the death of Pan. The recovery of a probable primary source …

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Pkcalpha Directs Csrc Activation And Podosome Formation Through The Adaptor Protein Afap-110., Amanda Gatesman Ammer Jan 2004

Pkcalpha Directs Csrc Activation And Podosome Formation Through The Adaptor Protein Afap-110., Amanda Gatesman Ammer

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Src family kinases play an essential role in many cellular processes, including tumor formation and metastasis. One mechanism of how this occurs in through the ability of Src to promote cell invasion by directly affecting actin filament integrity. Src activation results in a loss of bundled stress fibers and the formation of actin-rich podosomes that promote the invasive phenotype through extracellular matrix degradation. AFAP-110 is an adaptor molecule that interacts with the actin cytoskeleton and Src, as well as PKCα. In response to PKC phosphorylation, AFAP-110 is able to direct cSrc activation through SH3-mediated interactions, and promote the formation of …

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The Impact Of A School Reentry Program On The Psychosocial Adjustment Of Children With Burn Injuries., Peter Girolami Jan 2004

The Impact Of A School Reentry Program On The Psychosocial Adjustment Of Children With Burn Injuries., Peter Girolami

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

School reentry programs are used commonly as a means of optimizing children's psychosocial adjustment when they return to school after a burn injury. Typically, school reentry programs include a school visit and the use of various tools (e.g., videos, presentations, and written materials) designed to educate peers/teachers about burns and burn care. Despite widespread use by many burn units, there has been little research adequately evaluating the outcomes of these programs. This study reviewed the literature pertaining to school reentry programs (e.g., description and purpose) and evaluated the effect of a school reentry program on the psychosocial adjustment (e.g., social …

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Effect Of Daily Step Count Goals On Mood States Of Middle-Aged Women: A Multiple Treatment Single-Subject Design., David E. Goodrich Jan 2004

Effect Of Daily Step Count Goals On Mood States Of Middle-Aged Women: A Multiple Treatment Single-Subject Design., David E. Goodrich

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Physical activity guidelines recommend adults accumulate at least 30 minutes of moderate physical activity on five or more days per week (Pate et al., 1995). Research indicates mood is more positive on days when people increase moderate activity like brisk walking compared to days with no extra activity (Thayer, Godes, et al., 2004). Short walks of 5–15 minutes are sufficient to improve mood (Ekkekakis, Hall, et al., 2000; Murphy et al., 2002). The purpose of this study was to explore how eleven sedentary women's (M age = 51.6 ± 6.7 yrs.) daily mood on the Activation Deactivation Adjective Checklist [AD …

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The Development And Validation Of A Computer Mediated Simulation (Cms) Training Application Designed To Enhance Task Modification Decisions Among Preservice Physical Education Teachers., Rachel Gurvitch Jan 2004

The Development And Validation Of A Computer Mediated Simulation (Cms) Training Application Designed To Enhance Task Modification Decisions Among Preservice Physical Education Teachers., Rachel Gurvitch

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Teachers' decision making skills during instruction represent essential components for effective teaching outcomes. These interactive decision making skills play an even greater role with preservice teachers teaching for their first time. Despite its significance, limited research was directed to assist preservice teachers in developing these interactive decision making skills. This study represents the first attempt at developing Computer Mediated Simulation (CMS) application training for the purpose of enhancing decision making skills development. The purpose of this study was: (1) to develop the CMS training application designed to enhance appropriate interactive decisions among preservice physical education teachers, and (2) to validate …

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Implementing The Learning College Principles: Faculty And Student Engagement In The Classroom., William R. Rocks Jan 2004

Implementing The Learning College Principles: Faculty And Student Engagement In The Classroom., William R. Rocks

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

With the onset of institutions becoming student-centered or learner-centered, faculty and students are experiencing changes in the classroom. Barr and Tagg (1995) espouse the paradigm shift that needs to occur from teaching to learning in order for institutions to fulfill their mission statements of placing learning first. O'Banion (1997) asserts that if, learning is the primary focus of higher education, changes must take place within the whole college community. The purpose of this study was to examine how faculty encourage students to become engaged in the classroom. Student survey responses identified by a national database demonstrating high engagement in the …

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Cloning And Molecular Characterization Of Calpain/Calpastatin Genes From Rainbow Trout. A Potential Biogenetic Tool For Monitoring Muscle Growth And Texture Development., Mohamed Sewalim Salem Jan 2004

Cloning And Molecular Characterization Of Calpain/Calpastatin Genes From Rainbow Trout. A Potential Biogenetic Tool For Monitoring Muscle Growth And Texture Development., Mohamed Sewalim Salem

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study demonstrated that rainbow trout muscle contains at least two forms of the Ca2+-dependent neutral protease calpain along with their endogenous inhibitor calpastatin (CAST). These calpain-system components can be separated with one DEAE-anion exchange column. Rainbow trout muscle calpains are less sensitive to Ca2+ than their mammalian counterparts. We described cloning and sequencing of the rainbow trout calpain small (regulatory) subunit (cpns) cDNA. This represents the first fish and lower vertebrate full cDNA of cpns. The rainbow trout cpns cDNA was used to retrieve the zebra fish and Japanese flounder homologues. We presented evidence that fish cpns unlike the …

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The Relationship Between Pre-Enrollment Factors And Promise Success., Jimmy R. Stemple Jan 2004

The Relationship Between Pre-Enrollment Factors And Promise Success., Jimmy R. Stemple

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to determine which pre-enrollment factors in high school contribute to PROMISE success in the West Virginia PROMISE Scholarship Program, using the 2002–2003 inaugural class of PROMISE scholars at West Virginia University. PROMISE success was achieved if a scholar attained at least a 2.75 grade point average and passed at least 30 hours during the fall and spring semesters of his or her freshman year. PROMISE scholars who accomplished both of these requirements were eligible to retain the scholarship for the following year. This investigation examined high school transcripts, standardized test scores, college grade point …

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A Qualitative Study Of The Reach Of Technological Determinism Into Mass Media Theory Regarding Internet Uses., Daniel Thomas Burns Jan 2004

A Qualitative Study Of The Reach Of Technological Determinism Into Mass Media Theory Regarding Internet Uses., Daniel Thomas Burns

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This is a theoretically based study on the theory of technological determinism and its reach into mass media theory regarding the Internet. Participants in this study were given Internet logs that allowed for their Internet travel purposes to be recorded. They were also given a survey that broke them into categories based on ideology and experience with the Internet. The data from this study suggest that technological determinism does play some part in an individualís use of the Internet; but is not a complete explanation. The data from this study suggest that other theories that were examined such as, agenda …

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An Efficient Method For Texture-Based Image Retrieval., Umasankar Kandaswamy Jan 2004

An Efficient Method For Texture-Based Image Retrieval., Umasankar Kandaswamy

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The extraction of significant features from an image is a primary process in content-based analysis of image data. It is also a computationally intensive process. Using an appropriate approximation of the original image with effective signal processing can decrease the computational cost of the feature extraction process by orders of magnitude. This thesis shows that a pertinent approximation for texture images when used with a proposed distance measure can lead to a significant reduction in the cost of texture image analysis without introducing any significant error in the retrieval performance. An evaluation of the hypothesis is conducted in two popular …

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Mems Parallel-Plate Electrostatic Actuator: Modeling, Simulation And Characterization., Raghuveer R. Medipalli Jan 2004

Mems Parallel-Plate Electrostatic Actuator: Modeling, Simulation And Characterization., Raghuveer R. Medipalli

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are electrical and mechanical components scaled down to the micrometer scale and integrated on a common substrate. These devices can be batch fabricated and are capable of functioning individually as well as in arrays. With the growing applications of MEMS in safety critical applications, there is an absolute need for their increased reliability. In order to study and improve the reliability of MEMS as well as enable the prediction of faults, a thorough knowledge of the dynamic behavior of these microstructures is required. Prediction of the dynamic behavior of the microstructures is a challenging task and requires …

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Parallel Structures And Binary Oppositions In Andre Gide's "L'Immoraliste" And "La Porte Etroite"., Jennifer Lawrence Jan 2004

Parallel Structures And Binary Oppositions In Andre Gide's "L'Immoraliste" And "La Porte Etroite"., Jennifer Lawrence

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Two of André Gide’s books, L’Immoraliste and La Porte étroite, exemplify the ethical struggles that defined the author’s life through the codependence of their singular message. By submitting these two intrinsically similar works to a structuralist analysis of the binary oppositions that exist between them, the relationship between good and evil becomes solidified through the structures and semiotic codes of the novels, the opposition of the protagonists, and the motifs of geography, personal relationships, nature, and religion.

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Patriarchy And Feminism: A Longitudinal Content Analysis Of The Portrayal Of Women On Playboy Magazine Covers., Jacqueline R. Graham Jan 2004

Patriarchy And Feminism: A Longitudinal Content Analysis Of The Portrayal Of Women On Playboy Magazine Covers., Jacqueline R. Graham

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study is a longitudinal cultural study of the portrayal of the ideal female image in the mass media. The focus of this study was on female objectification and sexuality representations by the male decision maker in the patriarchal society. An excellent example of this is Playboy magazine, whose objectification of the female body as a means of entertainment for men has existed for 30 years. A dataset was compiled of 180 Playboy magazine covers spanning three decades: 70s, 80s, 90s. Results indicated a curvilinear trend in the sexual suggestiveness portrayed by the models on the covers, peaking in the …

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The Effects Of Goal Contingencies On The Writing Frequency Of Undergraduates Enrolled In A Learning Strategies Course., Bridget Joy Hayes Russell Jan 2004

The Effects Of Goal Contingencies On The Writing Frequency Of Undergraduates Enrolled In A Learning Strategies Course., Bridget Joy Hayes Russell

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study examined the effect of goal contingencies on writing frequency. Sixty participants were divided into three conditions: individual goal, group goal, or control. Each week, students participated in a three-minute free-write. Those in the individual goal condition earned 10 bonus points when writing frequency goals were achieved. Those in the group goal condition earned 10 bonus points when the group writing frequency goals were achieved. The control did not receive bonus points contingent on writing frequency. Results indicated that the control and individual goal contingencies conditions wrote greater numbers of words than the group goal contingencies condition. Further, the …

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A Hands-On Approach To Calculus., Mike Long Jan 2004

A Hands-On Approach To Calculus., Mike Long

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

A Hands-On Approach To Calculus was a research study designed to examine the use of hands-on inquiry centered teaching strategies in a first semester calculus class and the ramifications of the hands-on strategies. The study used an experimental class, where activities were implemented into the teaching strategies, and a control class, where traditional teaching strategies of lecture of theory and drill were used. Students' learning in the two classes was examined by comparing exam scores in the two classes and by analyzing students' journals from the experimental class. The quantitative analysis of the exam scores did not indicate any significant …

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A Talented And Energetic Young Man: John Foster Dulles And His Preparation For Statesmanship, 1888-1937., Phillip A. Cantrell Jan 2004

A Talented And Energetic Young Man: John Foster Dulles And His Preparation For Statesmanship, 1888-1937., Phillip A. Cantrell

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The dissertation is essentially a biography of John Foster Dulles, who was United States Secretary of State from 1953 until his death in 1959. This study, however, covers his life from birth in 1888 and stops in 1937, a decisive and important year in his personal development. Previous biographies have either focused almost exclusively on his years as Secretary of State or else, when they covered his early life, failed to see him in the full context of the era in which he lived or failed to fully explore some important primary sources. While beginning in a formal sense with …

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A Qualitative Inquiry Into The Responsibilities And Supports Of Paraeducators In Special Education., Annette M. Conti Jan 2004

A Qualitative Inquiry Into The Responsibilities And Supports Of Paraeducators In Special Education., Annette M. Conti

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The role of the paraeducator in providing services to students with special needs has expanded to become part of a complex system of providing special education services. In order to meet the individualized needs of students with disabilities, educational agencies and school districts have increasingly relied on the services of paraeducators to facilitate the specialized instruction needed for students to participate in the least restrictive environment. Case studies were completed with three special education self-contained classrooms. The special education teachers and paraeducators who worked in these settings participated in this study through observations, interviews, and surveys. The study examined the …

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Incorporating A Student's Native Folk Music In Piano Teaching: A Survey And Original Piano Arrangements Of Traditional Malaysian Folk Music., Pei Sien Lim Jan 2004

Incorporating A Student's Native Folk Music In Piano Teaching: A Survey And Original Piano Arrangements Of Traditional Malaysian Folk Music., Pei Sien Lim

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Piano teachers have a unique opportunity to introduce young children to the folk music of their country, thereby providing these students with a link to their cultural heritage. Since a recent search revealed a lack of Malaysian folk music collections arranged specifically for elementary and early-intermediate piano students, this research paper includes twelve original arrangements of traditional Malaysian folk music which are suitable for use with elementary and early-intermediate piano students in Malaysia and other countries. This paper also provides piano teachers an introduction to folk music from different parts of the world (especially from the Far East), thereby helping …

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The Relationship Between Standardized Test Improvement Instruction And Stanford Nine Achievement Test Scores., Teresa R. Marsh Jan 2004

The Relationship Between Standardized Test Improvement Instruction And Stanford Nine Achievement Test Scores., Teresa R. Marsh

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study examined the relationship between standardized test instruction programs and Stanford Achievement Test Edition Nine scores. To examine this relationship, total basic skills scores were obtained from a selected high school's class of 2003–2004 as well as total basic skills score means from four other counties' classes of 2003–2004. The data set contained 131 total basic skills scores per grades eight through eleven from the selected high school and a total basic skills score mean from the seventh grade of those students and total basic skills score means from grades 7–11 from the class of 2003–2004 from two high …

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A Comparison Of Psychosocial And Orthopedic Data In Predicting Days Missed Due To Injury., Jeremy S. Sibold Jan 2004

A Comparison Of Psychosocial And Orthopedic Data In Predicting Days Missed Due To Injury., Jeremy S. Sibold

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Objective. To determine the influence of psychosocial mediators on injury in college athletes, and to compare psychosocial data to orthopedic screening data for prediction of injury. We hypothesized that athletes with high life stress, high competitive anxiety, and low coping skills would incur more days missed due to injury, and that orthopedic data would be similar to psychosocial data in its ability to predict injury. Design and setting. Multiple regression was used to determine the effect of predictor variables on the criterion at a NCAA division II college. Subjects. A sample of 177 athletes representing six NCAA sports. Measurements. The …

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The Politics Of Space And Scale In The Brazilian Favela: A Case Study Of Sao Pedro., Eric K. Spears Jan 2004

The Politics Of Space And Scale In The Brazilian Favela: A Case Study Of Sao Pedro., Eric K. Spears

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The politics of local economic development in the Brazilian favela (urban slums) are contentious. This dissertation examines the politics of economic development in the urban slum of Sao Pedro, which is located in the city of Vitoria, Brazil. Space and scale are central to understanding the politics of economic development in this favela, and this research will make use of both concepts to shed light on this local struggle. The dissertation will examine the struggle over local economic development in Sao Pedro through an analysis of the residents' spatial practices. This dissertation will examine the role that scale plays in …

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Heritage To Legacy: A Content Analysis Of The Coretta Scott King Award-Winning Picture Books From 1976-2004., Khafilah Abdel-Malik Jan 2004

Heritage To Legacy: A Content Analysis Of The Coretta Scott King Award-Winning Picture Books From 1976-2004., Khafilah Abdel-Malik

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study examined the text and images in the Coretta Scott King illustrated award winning picture books published from 1974-2004 in order (1) to discover the themes and messages conveyed in text and illustrations, (2) to analyze the illustrations and text messages of the CSK illustrated award winning picture books for representations of holistic portrayals of African Americans, and (3) to determine cultural perspectives about African Americans. Data were categorized using matrices, cultural and holistic portrayals were addressed using Sims-Bishop's criteria, and a descriptive summary was presented in narrative form using Eisner's (1981) artistic approach.

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Surrogate Mothers Use Of Online Messaging: A Study Of Social Support., Shauna Lively Aurelio Jan 2004

Surrogate Mothers Use Of Online Messaging: A Study Of Social Support., Shauna Lively Aurelio

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

People faced with challenging life events, such as pregnancy, need social support for well being. Traditionally, this support has been given via face-to-face contact in communities. It is known that online messaging promotes effective social support among people with disabilities or illnesses, and during life events such as pregnancy and parenting. It has been further suggested that surrogate mothers, women who contract with another person or a couple to bear a child, receive less social support from their families than other mothers. What is not known is how effective online social support is for surrogate mothers and how much they …

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