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Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
The Effects Of A Dental Team And An Oral Health Protocol On The Oral Health Of Residents Living In Long-Term Care Facilities, Stephanie F. Meredith
The Effects Of A Dental Team And An Oral Health Protocol On The Oral Health Of Residents Living In Long-Term Care Facilities, Stephanie F. Meredith
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The oral health of residents living in long-term care facilities is poor. Dental teams and protocols need to be implemented for the facilities to help improve the oral health of the residents. The purpose of this study is to compare a long-term care facility that is implementing a dental team and protocol versus a facility that is not implementing a dental team and protocol. Oral examinations of 30 residents at each facility were conducted at baseline, one month and three month intervals. Data analyses were conducted using descriptive statistics and ANOVA 2x3 using SPSS software, to determine if any significant …
Psychological Impact Of Cyberbully Victimization Among College Students, Allison M. Schenk
Psychological Impact Of Cyberbully Victimization Among College Students, Allison M. Schenk
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
With the growth of technology, bullying has expanded into the technological realm. Labeled cyberbullying, individuals are utilizing technology, such as cell phones and the Internet, to bully and harass others with the intention of causing harm. Most cyberbullying research has been conducted with elementary, middle, and high school-aged students in countries such as Finland, Canada, Taiwan, and Australia. The purpose of this study was to expand prevalence, psychological impact, and coping strategy research with college-student victims of cyberbullying in the United States. 799 college students from a mid-Atlantic university were surveyed via the Internet. It was found that 8.6% of …
Subsurface And Reservoir Analysis Of The Upper Devonian Fourth Sand In Taylor County, West Virginia, Julia Dare Mcconnell
Subsurface And Reservoir Analysis Of The Upper Devonian Fourth Sand In Taylor County, West Virginia, Julia Dare Mcconnell
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The Upper Devonian Venango Group of West Virginia is a major Appalachian gas play. Best known by their informal driller's names, these shallow, multiple sandstone and siltstone reservoirs formed in fluvial, deltaic, interdeltaic shoreline, shelf, and slope depositional environments of the Catskill delta complex. However, these numerous units are difficult to correlate, resulting in reservoir identification problems.;The "Fourth Sand", one of the many units of the Venango Group is the topic of study for an integrated subsurface reservoir analysis in Taylor County, north-central West Virginia. The data includes paper and electric log data, multiple rotary sidewall cores, and well-test data, …
Constellation Shaping For Communication Channels With Quantized Outputs, Chandana Nannapaneni
Constellation Shaping For Communication Channels With Quantized Outputs, Chandana Nannapaneni
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Channel capacity is an important aspect of every digital communication system. Capacity can be defined as the highest rate of information that can be transmitted over the channel with low error probability. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of the input symbol distribution on the information rate when the signal is transmitted over an Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel with a quantized output. The channel was analyzed by transforming it into a Discrete Memoryless Channel (DMC), which is a discrete-input and discrete-output channel. Given the quantizer resolution and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), this thesis proposes a …
Essays On The Effectiveness And Competitiveness Of State Government Expenditures, J. Sebastian Leguizamon
Essays On The Effectiveness And Competitiveness Of State Government Expenditures, J. Sebastian Leguizamon
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This dissertation addresses issues related to the effectiveness and consequences of state and local spending in the United States. Chapter two examines how merit-based aid tuition assistance contributes to the retention of graduates in a state. An analysis of restricted-use administrative data for West Virginia graduates suggests that in-state college graduates that received merit-based aid to attend college are no more likely to work in the state after graduation, compared to those who did not received the assistance. These graduates are between 1.9 and 5.2 percentage points less likely to remain in the state, decreasing the overall effect of merit-based …
A Chemical Neural Network And Collective Behavior In Globally Coupled Oscillators, Fang Wang
A Chemical Neural Network And Collective Behavior In Globally Coupled Oscillators, Fang Wang
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The nervous system controls almost all actions in the body, and understanding its detailed structure and mechanism is one of the great challenges of science. Artificial neural networks have been modeled computationally to solve specific problems such as robot motion; however, few experimental studies have been designed to simulate biological neural networks because of the lack of experimental media with neural-like properties. An experimental network based on the photosensitive Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction has been developed, in which the local excitability is controlled by light intensity. The spatiotemporal dynamics of these networks has been characterized, including sustained oscillations and collapse to the …
Effect Of A Modified Stepped Osteotomy On The Primary Stability Of Dental Implants In Type D4 Bone: A Cadaver Study, Chad M. Boustany
Effect Of A Modified Stepped Osteotomy On The Primary Stability Of Dental Implants In Type D4 Bone: A Cadaver Study, Chad M. Boustany
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Purpose. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of an alternative surgical technique on endosseous dental implant stability parameters in Class D4 Bone. Significant differences between insertion torques (Ncm) produced by a conventional osteotomy verses a modified stepped osteotomy were examined. Significant differences between Implant Stability Quotients (ISQ) produced by a conventional osteotomy verses a modified stepped osteotomy were examined. Correlations between Hounsfield units (HU), Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ), and insertion torque (IT) were examined.;Materials and methods. Sixteen preserved cadaver heads were radiographically examined with a Toshiba AquilionRTM 64 Fast Whole Body Computerized Tomography (CT) Scanner. A …
Weightism: Can Personality Characteristics Predict Prejudice In College Students?, John E. Damm
Weightism: Can Personality Characteristics Predict Prejudice In College Students?, John E. Damm
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Bias toward individuals who are obese is one of the last bastions of permissible prejudice. The people who are obese report discrimination in a variety of settings; they experience it with families, employers, teachers, and health-care professionals. Research regarding obesity bias indicates that attribution of personal responsibility is correlated with negative attitudes toward individuals who are obese. Attribution of causality and resulting bias has been linked to specific personality characteristics, specifically the Big Five traits Agreeableness and Openness to Experience. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between personality characteristics and obesity bias. Students at a large …
First Year Student Expectations: General Education Goals At A Multi-Campus Community College, Sherri Anna Robinson
First Year Student Expectations: General Education Goals At A Multi-Campus Community College, Sherri Anna Robinson
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
In recent years, there has been a focus on the importance of general education in colleges and universities as a means of delivering a quality liberal education. Completion of a general education curriculum in the community college is required for successful completion in all associate degree programs. As more students are choosing community colleges to begin their studies, their general education experiences may affect their successful transfer to the baccalaureate, performance in the future workforce and participation as educated citizens.;Unfortunately, students have described general education as "a barrier" to their major or courses to "get of the way." At the …
The Pinnacle Of Undergraduate Education: How Do Capstone Courses Support The Development Of Purpose And Integrity?, Kristi D. Wood-Turner
The Pinnacle Of Undergraduate Education: How Do Capstone Courses Support The Development Of Purpose And Integrity?, Kristi D. Wood-Turner
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
As early as the eighteenth century students have been expected to complete the undergraduate education with a capstone course. Students spend on average, four years discovering, learning, analyzing, studying, and developing into well-educated graduates. As educators, we design curriculum to impact students' academic development in subject matter, provide connection through disciplines, and ideally deliver significant undergraduate experience to our understanding of student development and retention has become a foremost focus for educators. The purpose of this study was to determine whether capstone courses support the development of purpose (Chickering & Reisser, 1993, pp. 209-234) and integrity (Chickering & Reisser, 1993, …
A Comparative Examination Of The Published Editions Of Alexander Glazunov's Concerto In E-Flat Major For Alto Saxophone And String Orchestra, Op. 109, Christopher D. Mickel
A Comparative Examination Of The Published Editions Of Alexander Glazunov's Concerto In E-Flat Major For Alto Saxophone And String Orchestra, Op. 109, Christopher D. Mickel
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Alexander Glazunov's Concerto in E-flat Major for Alto Saxophone and String Orchestra of 1934, written for virtuoso saxophonist Sigurd M. Rascher, is one of the most significant works within the saxophone literature. This document provides historical details of Glazunov's work, including a discussion of the cirumstances leading to its composition, while comparing the editions currently available to define a clearer understanding of the work and the composer's intentions.;First published in 1936 by Alphonse Leduc, this French edition has been the sole version available. However, in late 2010, with the aid of Sigurd Rascher's daughter Carina, the German company Barenreiter published …
A Landscape Analysis Of Surface Coal Mine Permits In The Coal River Watershed Of West Virginia, Lafe Joseph Kunkel
A Landscape Analysis Of Surface Coal Mine Permits In The Coal River Watershed Of West Virginia, Lafe Joseph Kunkel
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
In Appalachia, coal mining is a vital economic activity. Steps must be taken to ensure the future of the coal mining industry as well as the ecological sustainability of the landscape. By examining the effects of landscape disturbance on stream water quality, disturbance thresholds can be calculated from stream conductivity measurements in various segment level watersheds that contain varying levels of landscape disturbance. These thresholds can indicate how much landscape disturbance can be allowed in a segment-level watershed before water quality depreciates past certain conductivity levels or levels necessary to support macro-invertebrate life. This analysis was conducted on the Coal …
Test Re-Test Reliability Of Three Versions Of The 3-Cone Test, Jason G. Langley
Test Re-Test Reliability Of Three Versions Of The 3-Cone Test, Jason G. Langley
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The primary purpose of this study was to examine the test re-test reliability of three versions of the 3-Cone Test (3CR). In addition, comparisons between the versions of the tests; and the relationships with leg dominance and body mass index (BMI) were to be determined. Forty students enrolled in classes in the Department of Physical Education at a mid-Atlantic university participated. On each of the testing days the participants performed ten total trials. In a random order, they performed three trials to the right (3CR), three to the left (3CL), and two modified trials (3CMR and 3CML), in which a …
Treatment Of Class Iii Malocclusion In The Primary And Early Mixed Dentition Using The Kiebach Appliance And Protraction Facemask, Erica W. Reed
Treatment Of Class Iii Malocclusion In The Primary And Early Mixed Dentition Using The Kiebach Appliance And Protraction Facemask, Erica W. Reed
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Objectives. To evaluate the short and long-term results of using a Modified Hyrax Expander with Protraction Facemask at an early age. Methods. Twenty three patients were treated with Dr. Kiebach's Modified Hyrax Expander and Protraction Facemask at an early age. Lateral Cephalograms were taken at three time points: pre-treatment (T1), post-treatment (T2), and 2 years post-treatment (T3) and evaluated using cephalometric analysis. Results. Statistically significant results were found for all three time points: T2-T1, T3-T2, and T3-T1. The Palatal Plane, Mandibular Plane, and the Occlusal Plane were the only values to show non-significant results throughout the three time points. The …
Subsurface Horizontal Microfracture Propagation Within The Middle Member Of The Bakken Formation, Williston Basin, North Dakota: Evidence And Implications, Travis Blackburn Warner
Subsurface Horizontal Microfracture Propagation Within The Middle Member Of The Bakken Formation, Williston Basin, North Dakota: Evidence And Implications, Travis Blackburn Warner
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The Devonian-Mississippian Bakken Formation of the Williston basin does not outcrop. All rock samples are obtained by coring. Open, uncemented, horizontal mode I (joints, with no sense of shear) microfractures (with apertures typically 5 to 25 microns) in the Bakken Formation's middle member have debated origins: natural or induced by coring. Samples were taken from two cores associated with the Williston basin's Nesson anticline, and horizontal microfractures were characterized, counted, and compared with geologic variables to determine what controls, if any, existed. Results support the theory that some Bakken middle member horizontal microfractures propagated naturally in the subsurface.;The majority of …
Scenic Design Process For The Compleat Female Stage Beauty, Andrew K. Moeggenborg
Scenic Design Process For The Compleat Female Stage Beauty, Andrew K. Moeggenborg
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This document is an account of my scenic design process for The Compleat Female Stage Beauty at West Virginia University Division of Theatre and Dance in the Fall of 2010. This thesis will detail the design process from the initial reading of the script, through meetings with the director and fellow designers, and the process and challenges of constructing models, renderings and the final scenery for the production.
A Survey Of Bariatric Surgical Patients' Experiences With Behavioral And Psychological Services, Jessica C. Peacock
A Survey Of Bariatric Surgical Patients' Experiences With Behavioral And Psychological Services, Jessica C. Peacock
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The following study assessed behavioral and psychological services currently being used by bariatric patients before and after surgery. A convenience sample of N = 380 was generated through solicitation on an online support website; inclusion criteria included having had surgery in the United States after implementation of accreditation standards in 2005. Participants completed an Internet-based survey that assessed services completed, satisfaction with services, perceived impact of surgery on mental and physical health as well as diet and physical activity behaviors, and current reported diet and physical activity behaviors. Overall, participants reported completing more services before surgery, and afterwards the most …
Classicism As Foundation In Architecture: Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe's Richard King Mellon Hall Of Science And Michael Graves's Erickson Alumni Center, Elizabeth Stoloff Vehse
Classicism As Foundation In Architecture: Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe's Richard King Mellon Hall Of Science And Michael Graves's Erickson Alumni Center, Elizabeth Stoloff Vehse
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The French Cubist painter and writer Amedee Ozenfant suggested that "Deep in every revolution, discreetly hidden, resides a classicism which is a form of constant." Twentieth-century Modern and Postmodern architecture are no exceptions to this rule. Basic to both movements is the use of classical reference as a foundation for communication with the viewer. This study shows how classical elements and ideas inform the work of Modern and Postmodern architects. Employing classicism as a framework for the holistic reinterpretation of a set of established values (Modernism), or as quotation that is part of a symbolic cultural language (Postmodernism), the architect …
Using Mentoring Enactment Theory To Explore The Doctoral Student-Faculty Member Mentoring Relationship, Daniel H. Mansson
Using Mentoring Enactment Theory To Explore The Doctoral Student-Faculty Member Mentoring Relationship, Daniel H. Mansson
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The purpose of this dissertation was threefold. The first purpose was to examine the advisor-advisee mentoring relationship using Mentoring Enactment Theory (Kalbfleisch, 2002). The second purpose was to examine the relationship between advisees' use of relational maintenance behaviors and their own and their advisors' reports of relational characteristics (i.e., liking, communication satisfaction, relational satisfaction, trust, work commitment, and control mutuality). The third purpose was to examine the extent to which advisees' relational uncertainty with their advisors was related to their use of relational maintenance behaviors and their advisors' provision of career support and psychosocial support. The results of Principal Component …
Group Colorability And Hamiltonian Properties Of Graphs, Hao Li
Group Colorability And Hamiltonian Properties Of Graphs, Hao Li
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The research of my dissertation was motivated by the conjecture of Thomassen that every 4-connected line graph is hamiltonian and by the conjecture of Matthews and Sumner that every 4-connected claw-free graph is hamiltonian. Towards the hamiltonian line graph problem, we proved that every 3-edge-connected, essentially 4-edge-connected graph G has a spanning eulerian subgraph, if for every pair of adjacent vertices u and v, dG(u) + dG(v) ≥ 9. A straight forward corollary is that every 4-connected, essentially 6-connected line graph with minimum degree at least 7 is hamiltonian.;We also investigate graphs G such that the line graph L(G) is …
Molecular Mechanisms Of Chromium (Vi) - Induced Toxicity And Carcinogenesis, Djordje Medan
Molecular Mechanisms Of Chromium (Vi) - Induced Toxicity And Carcinogenesis, Djordje Medan
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Cr(VI) compounds are redox cycling carcinogens that induce apoptosis as a primary mode of cell death. Since defects in apoptosis regulatory mechanisms are considered to be indispensable foundation of carcinogenesis it is critical to understand the molecular effectors involved. Cellular energy powerhouses, the mitochondria, house the effectors involved in signaling cascades comprising commitment to apoptosis and are reported to be dysregulated in variety of tumors. The objective of this study was to characterize the key signaling effectors in Cr(VI)-induced apoptosis and determine the relationship between those effectors and mode of cellular energy production in cancerous vs. non-cancerous cells. Our data …
A New Member Of The Afap Family, Afap1l1, Binds To Cortactin And Localizes To Invadosomes, Brandi Nicole Snyder
A New Member Of The Afap Family, Afap1l1, Binds To Cortactin And Localizes To Invadosomes, Brandi Nicole Snyder
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Cellular motility and invasion in normal cellular processes and disease states such as cancer are dependent upon the ability of a cell to efficiently interact with its microenvironment, rearrange its cytoskeleton and degrade tissue barriers for purposes of cell movement. The AFAP family of adaptor proteins, AFAP1, AFAP1L1 and AFAP1L2, integrates signals received from the microenvironment into coordinated cytoskeletal changes. While there have been many reports on the functions and binding partners of AFAP1 and AFAP1L2, this work aimed to determine the cellular location and function of newly discovered AFAP1L1. The overall amino acid and protein structures of AFAP family …
Functional Analysis And Post-Transcriptional Regulation Of Oocyte-Specific Transcription Factors During Early Embryogenesis In Cattle, Swamy Krishna Tripurani
Functional Analysis And Post-Transcriptional Regulation Of Oocyte-Specific Transcription Factors During Early Embryogenesis In Cattle, Swamy Krishna Tripurani
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Newborn ovary homeobox (NOBOX) is an oocyte-specific transcription factor essential for folliculogenesis and expression of many germ-cell specific genes in mice. However, the temporal and cell specific expression of NOBOX in bovine oocytes and potential function and regulation of NOBOX in early embryogenesis have not been described previously. Messenger RNA for bovine NOBOX is preferentially expressed in ovaries and undetectable by RT-PCR in somatic tissues examined. NOBOX protein is present in oocytes throughout folliculogenesis and is stage-specifically expressed during oocyte maturation and early embryonic development. Depletion of NOBOX in early embryos demonstrated that NOBOX is an essential maternal derived transcription …
The Silvicultural And Economic Impact Of Professional Forestry Assistance On Timber Harvests On Non-Industrial, Private Forestland In West Virginia, Stuart A. Moss
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Timber harvests conducted on 90 non-industrial, private forestland properties in West Virginia were investigated to determine the effects that professional foresters have on harvest characteristics and residual stand attributes. Harvests were classified based on the type of forester involved with the harvest: 1) consulting/state service foresters representing landowners, 2) industry foresters (procurement or management) representing forest products firms, and 3) no involvement by a professional forester. Consulting foresters removed less basal area, sawtimber volume, and timber value from the stand compared to the other two groups.;Consulting foresters had less of an impact on quadratic mean diameter and displayed a lower …
Keeping It Real: A Historical Look At Reality Tv, Jessica Roberts
Keeping It Real: A Historical Look At Reality Tv, Jessica Roberts
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
In the summer of 2000 CBS launched a wilderness and competition reality show called "Survivor." The show became a monster hit with more than fifty million viewers watching the finale, ratings only second to Super Bowl. That summer and that show forever changed many aspects of the television industry. Reality TV had been around for years, but with "Survivor" it began a period of lightening fast development, growth, and influence. During the past decade, many different reality shows have emerged and this research categorizes those shows into four sub-genres that it is argued all reality shows during this time could …
What Makes Good Climbing Rock? A Petrographic, Structural, And Mechanical Investigation Of The Lower Nuttall Sandstone In The New River Gorge, West Virginia, Katelyn A. Huffman Olcott
What Makes Good Climbing Rock? A Petrographic, Structural, And Mechanical Investigation Of The Lower Nuttall Sandstone In The New River Gorge, West Virginia, Katelyn A. Huffman Olcott
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The New River Gorge National River (NERI) consists of 300 km2 of public land including an 85 km length of the New River, covering parts of Summers, Raleigh, and Fayette counties in West Virginia (National Park Service, 2006). NERI is known for world class rock climbing because the Pennsylvanian lower Nuttall Sandstone of the Pottsville Group forms 15 to 30 m high cliffs along the gorge walls, containing more than 1500 documented climbing routes. This project investigates why the lower Nuttall Sandstone in NERI creates one of the premiere climbing areas in the Eastern United States, and why the lower …
Dyadic Interaction: The Effects Of Controlling And Critical Behavior Versus Warm And Responsive Behavior On Participant Behavior And Emotional Response, Joanna T. Prout
Dyadic Interaction: The Effects Of Controlling And Critical Behavior Versus Warm And Responsive Behavior On Participant Behavior And Emotional Response, Joanna T. Prout
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Previous research has identified parental rejection and control as important factors in the development of childhood anxiety. However, information about the relationship between these constructs and child outcomes has been limited by ambiguous definition and difficulty in performing experimental manipulations. This study attempted to address these issues by examining self-reported anxiety and anxious behavior in 47 college undergraduates who interacted with either a warm- responsive partner or a critical-controlling partner during an origami task. Results showed that participant condition significantly impacted self report of anxiety-distress, anger-frustration, liking for partner, and desire to see partner again. Participants who interacted with a …
Analysis Of Systematic Risk: Decomposition And Portfolio Efficiency, Rudolf F. Klein
Analysis Of Systematic Risk: Decomposition And Portfolio Efficiency, Rudolf F. Klein
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This dissertation comprises three essays that tackle various aspects of linear asset pricing models. The first essay, recognizing the dependence problem between factors, in the context of linear multi-factor models, proposes an optimal procedure to find orthogonalized risk premia, which also facilitates the decomposition of the coefficient of determination. Importantly, the new risk premia may diverge significantly from the original ones. The decomposition of risk allows one to explicitly examine the impact of individual factors on the return variation of risky assets, which provides discriminative power for factor selection. The procedure is experimentally robust even for small samples. Empirically we …
Iron And The Bloody Shirt: Leadership In The West Virginia Republican Party 1872--1896, Stephen A. Smoot
Iron And The Bloody Shirt: Leadership In The West Virginia Republican Party 1872--1896, Stephen A. Smoot
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The electoral upheavals of 1894 and 1896 resulting in Republican Party dominance within West Virginia and around the nation were not just a sudden occurrence. They resulted, in part, because voters in key border states shifted their votes from the Democratic to the Republican Party. West Virginia's Republican Party had the greatest success in maintaining its long term influence after 1896 despite the fact that since 1872 it enjoyed little success. To build up to triumph in 1896 took a quarter century of painstaking work that started after electoral disaster in 1870. That election, the first since West Virginia removed …
Cluster Growth During De-Wetting Of Solid Thin Films: Coarsening Exponents And The Role Of Long Range De-Wetting Interactions, Adi Constantinescu
Cluster Growth During De-Wetting Of Solid Thin Films: Coarsening Exponents And The Role Of Long Range De-Wetting Interactions, Adi Constantinescu
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Coarsening processes play prominent roles in non-equilibrium statistical physics and in applied physical sciences. A new area in this field of statistical physics has emerged from recent experimental revelations that long range de-wetting forces acting across thin films, such as the fundamental van der Waals interactions, may drive the formation of large clusters (tall multi-layer islands) and pits, observed in thin films of soft materials (polymers), as well as in thin films of liquid and solid metals. Motivated by the experiments, in this Thesis we elucidate the fundamentals of the non-equilibrium statistical mechanics of solid thin films coarsening within a …