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Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

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Exploring Factors Affecting Persistence Of First-Year Student Success At The University Of The District Of Columbia, Twyla L. Jones Dec 2011

Exploring Factors Affecting Persistence Of First-Year Student Success At The University Of The District Of Columbia, Twyla L. Jones

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study examined four elements within the university environment that may provide a connection to the success of students' initial year on campus. The four elements are: freshman orientation course; academic advising and interaction with an advisor; involvement in student organizations, clubs, and athletics; and utilization of the university counseling center.;This study was based upon a survey administered during the months of March through May 2010 that examined the four areas of the university environment and the extent to which each student participated in each area. The population was 200 first-year students who had entered the university during the fall …

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Characterization Of The Pharmacological Effects Of Digitoxin On Lung Epithelial Cells, Hosam Abdelmonaim Elbaz Dec 2011

Characterization Of The Pharmacological Effects Of Digitoxin On Lung Epithelial Cells, Hosam Abdelmonaim Elbaz

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Lung diseases (excluding cancer) account for 9% of all disease related mortalities while lung cancer accounts for 30% of cancer related mortalities. Therapeutic maneuvers, as surgery are usually unfeasible given the extreme vitality of the lung. Developing novel therapeutic alternatives for lung cancer requires a thorough understanding on the lung epithelial cell behavior following exposure to drugs. The goal of this dissertation was to examine how molecular and cellular characteristics, such as morphology and cell viability, of lung cancer cells will be altered upon exposure to digitoxin, a cardiac glycosides (CGs) and a digitoxin synthetic analog. CGs are a large …

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Gis Assisted Problem Analysis Of Trail Erosion In Monongahela National Forest, Steven J. Storck Dec 2011

Gis Assisted Problem Analysis Of Trail Erosion In Monongahela National Forest, Steven J. Storck

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This research investigates the frequency and patterns of trail erosion on purposefully selected natural surface trails in Monongahela National Forest. Trail erosion is considered a non-self-limiting process which degrades trail beds making them unattractive, difficult to travel on, and has the potential to impact local streams with the introduction of silt. Recreation ecology research delineates factors which influence the rate of erosion on a trail into three broad categories: recreational use, environmental conditions, and managerial actions. This study tests the relationship of variables from each of these categories to the local patterns of erosion. Three sampling strategies are used to …

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Hyperreal Battlefields: Individual Action And The Composition Of Enemy In Call Of Duty: Modern Warfare 1 & 2, Jeffrey Allen Yeager Dec 2011

Hyperreal Battlefields: Individual Action And The Composition Of Enemy In Call Of Duty: Modern Warfare 1 & 2, Jeffrey Allen Yeager

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Speculative fictions present us with stories that ask the question "what if?" In the past decades there has been a noticeable increase in the amount of speculative fiction in Western popular media. War-themed video games represent one of the most popular interactive texts that have embraced the speculative fiction genre. There is a multitude of research that examines non-fiction war games and those based loosely on some actual or historical conflict. This research diverges from that path by analyzing the narrative and structure of a series of fictional war games set in the modern era. The game presents a narrative …

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Exploration Of Stream Habitat Spatial Modeling; Using Geographically Weighted Regression, Ordinary Least Squares Regression, And Natural Neighbor Interpolation To Model Depth, Flow, And Benthic Substrate In Streams, Kenneth R. Sheehan Dec 2011

Exploration Of Stream Habitat Spatial Modeling; Using Geographically Weighted Regression, Ordinary Least Squares Regression, And Natural Neighbor Interpolation To Model Depth, Flow, And Benthic Substrate In Streams, Kenneth R. Sheehan

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Assessment and modeling of stream habitat are integral to understanding streams and the biota within them. In the past several decades, assessment sophistication of ecologic systems increased due to analysis power afforded by gains in computing capability. Spatial data analysis methodology grew alongside computing power and incorporated spatial qualities of ecological data, thereby providing new insights. New methods like geographically weighted regression (GWR) and more established methods like interpolation are now being used in ecological studies to guide assessments and management decisions. However, their accuracy and utility for analysis of stream habitat data have not been fully explored. To clarify …

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Avian Assemblages And Red-Eyed Vireo Nest Survival Within Mineland Forest, Jeremy Mizel Dec 2011

Avian Assemblages And Red-Eyed Vireo Nest Survival Within Mineland Forest, Jeremy Mizel

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Since the passage of the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA) in 1977, mined lands have generally been reclaimed to an environment characterized by severely compacted minesoils, a growth medium comprised largely of unweathered materials, and a predominance of aggressive groundcovers that inhibit native species colonization. Under these conditions, succession is arrested. Within landscapes that are fragmented by traditionally reclaimed surface mines, forest patches are smaller and forest cover on the landscape scale is reduced. As a result, forest songbirds that require large, continuous blocks of forest are negatively affected.;Some pre-SMCRA abandoned minelands contain areas of uncompacted minesoils on …

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Issues In The Care Of Farm Animals: Current History Of The Movement In Selected States, Jennifer N. Dunn Dec 2011

Issues In The Care Of Farm Animals: Current History Of The Movement In Selected States, Jennifer N. Dunn

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Many animal care practices commonly accepted as a regular part of the agricultural industry are being questioned by organizations advocating for the care of farm and companion animals. The use of gestation crates for pregnant sows, veal crates for veal calves, and battery cages for egg-laying hens are being banned in some states in the United States. While appearing to be a modern phenomenon, animal rights/animal welfare issues actually can be found throughout history. The purpose of the study was to trace the history of the care of farm and companion animals movement in the United States. This included the …

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Modeling Of Utility Distribution Feeder In Opendss With Steady State Impact Analysis Of Distributed Generation, Vaidyanath Ramachandran Dec 2011

Modeling Of Utility Distribution Feeder In Opendss With Steady State Impact Analysis Of Distributed Generation, Vaidyanath Ramachandran

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

With the deregulation of the electric power industry and the advancement of new technologies, the attention of the utilities has been drawn towards adopting Distributed Generation (DG) into their existing infrastructure. The deployment of DG brings ample technological and environmental benefits to the traditional distribution networks. The appropriate sizing and placement of DGs which generate power locally to fulfill consumer demands, helps to reduce power losses and avoid transmission and distribution system expansion.;The primary objective of this thesis is to model a utility distribution feeder in OpenDSS. Studies are conducted on the data obtained from American Electric Power utility. This …

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West Virginia 4-H Camp Songs And Music Traditions, Jason A. Burnside Dec 2011

West Virginia 4-H Camp Songs And Music Traditions, Jason A. Burnside

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of music in 4-H traditions from the beginning of the organization to the present. In addition to the overall 4-H traditions, the research focused on traditions in the 4-H camping program. The research examined songs, song quality, and the role they played in the 4-H tradition and/or the 4-H camp experience. Differences and similarities of 4-H music from the beginning of the 4-H program in West Virginia to the present day were explored. The study also examined the origins of the songs used in the West Virginia 4-H program discerning …

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A Statistical Approach For Shadow Detection Using Spatio-Temporal Contexts, Yiyang Liu Dec 2011

A Statistical Approach For Shadow Detection Using Spatio-Temporal Contexts, Yiyang Liu

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Background subtraction is an important step used to segment moving regions in surveillance videos. However, cast shadows are often falsely labeled as foreground objects, which may severely degrade the accuracy of object localization and detection. Effective shadow detection is necessary for accurate foreground segmentation, especially for outdoor scenes. Based on the characteristics of shadows, such as luminance reduction, chromaticity consistency and texture consistency, we introduce a nonparametric framework for modeling surface behavior under cast shadows. To each pixel, we assign a potential shadow value with a confidence weight, indicating the probability that the pixel location is an actual shadow point. …

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Mechanical Property Evaluation Of Torrefied Biomass Materials With Correlation To Grinding Efficiency, Xin Zhou Dec 2011

Mechanical Property Evaluation Of Torrefied Biomass Materials With Correlation To Grinding Efficiency, Xin Zhou

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Motivated by the transition to a more sustainable society, biomass, currently the largest renewable energy source in the world, could therefore in principle become a key energy source in the future. Co-combustion of these materials and coal can lead to a significant reduction in carbon dioxide net emissions in new and existing power plants while potentially reducing capture costs as well. However, many challenges remain to be solved before biomass can be used on a much larger scale as a sustainable energy source. Some of these challenges are related to biomass production, land management, and competition with food production; but …

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Modeling And Flight Testing Of Differential Thrust And Thrust Vectoring On A Small Uav, Zachary J. Merceruio Dec 2011

Modeling And Flight Testing Of Differential Thrust And Thrust Vectoring On A Small Uav, Zachary J. Merceruio

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The primary objectives of this research are to mathematically model the propulsion forces applied to the aircraft during nominal, differential thrust, and thrust vectored flight configurations, and verify this modeling through simulation and flight testing experiments. This thesis outlines the modeling process, simulator development, design, and implementation of a propulsion assisted control system for the WVU Flight Control Systems Lab (FCSL) research aircraft. Differential thrust and thrust vectoring introduce additional propulsive terms in the aircraft force equations that are not present when the thrust line passes through the center of gravity. These additional forces were modeled and incorporated into a …

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Experimental Analysis Of The Post-Failure Behavior Of Coal And Rock Under Laboratory Compression Tests, Dachao Neil Nie Dec 2011

Experimental Analysis Of The Post-Failure Behavior Of Coal And Rock Under Laboratory Compression Tests, Dachao Neil Nie

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

A major aspect of coal mine design is the structural stability of the mine. For establishing structural stability, the strength of the strata is determined by recovering the cores. The strength is determined through various methods and one method in particular is the Uniaxial Compressive Strength of the rock, which is commonly adopted as the standard strength indicator. However, in-situ behavior by past researchers have shown that rock and coal show significant residual strength contrary to the failure path observed in a conventional compression tests. Researchers in past had used stiff system for generating the post failure behavior of the …

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Mine Safety Impoundment Inspection And Verification Tool: Mining And Industrial Safety Technology And Training Innovation, Eric W. Baker Dec 2011

Mine Safety Impoundment Inspection And Verification Tool: Mining And Industrial Safety Technology And Training Innovation, Eric W. Baker

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this investigation primarily focuses on coal impoundment safety and early hazard potential awareness as well as addressing the need for adapting a field hardened computer so that its more advanced technology may be applied to the mining industry. The purpose was to develop a protocol based on West Virginia State and federal laws and regulations and use a mobile field computer into the inspection system for coal waste impoundments. The inspection template was constructed using paper forms presently used by MSHA and the West Virginia Water Research Institute and iterated after conducting a number of field trials. …

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Response Elimination, Reinforcement Rate And Resurgence Of Operant Behavior, Carlos Renato Xavier Cancado Dec 2011

Response Elimination, Reinforcement Rate And Resurgence Of Operant Behavior, Carlos Renato Xavier Cancado

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The effects of reinforcement rates of alternative responding on resurgence were studied in six experiments with pigeons. In Experiment 1A, key pecking was maintained on a multiple variable-interval (VI) VI schedule during the first, Training, phase. In the second, Response-Elimination, phase, variable differential-reinforcement-of-other-behavior (DRO) schedules were in effect in each component and reinforcement rates were equal and then, higher in one (rich) component, and lower in the other (lean), than in the Training phase. In the third, Resurgence, phase, reinforcers were discontinued and more resurgence occurred in the lean than in the rich component. Differences in Training-phase response rates between …

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Electron Paramagnetic Resonance And Electron-Nuclear Double Resonance Characterization Of Point Defects In Titanium Dioxide Crystals, Adam Brant Dec 2011

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance And Electron-Nuclear Double Resonance Characterization Of Point Defects In Titanium Dioxide Crystals, Adam Brant

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) are used to characterize several point defects in titanium dioxide (TiO2) single crystals in the rutile phase. A defect reported in 1961 by P. F. Chester called the "A Center" is assigned to a neutral hydrogen donor. Many researchers believe that the model for this S = 1/2 defect is an interstitial titanium ion (Ti3+) and that Ti3+ interstitials are the most dominant shallow donor in TiO 2. I show that the model for the A center is a neutral hydrogen donor and suggest that the Ti3+ interstitial model is not …

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Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Methods For Prediction Of Brook Trout Salvelinus Fontinalis Percent Dry Weight, Andrew William Hafs Dec 2011

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Methods For Prediction Of Brook Trout Salvelinus Fontinalis Percent Dry Weight, Andrew William Hafs

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Reliable fish condition estimates are valued by fisheries ecologists and managers. Fish condition is used as an indicator of ecosystem health or to assess the population status for a species of interest. In aquaculture, proximate composition estimates are often wanted because of their relationship to fillet quality. Past researchers have used bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to provide nonlethal mass based estimates of proximate composition for fish. Percent dry weight (PDW) of a fish is highly correlated to proximate composition values and energy density, therefore reliable predictions of PDW would eliminate the need for costly and laboratory analyses lethal to the …

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Restoration Of Forested Ecosystems On The Monongahela National Forest, West Virginia, Melissa A. Thomas-Van Gundy Dec 2011

Restoration Of Forested Ecosystems On The Monongahela National Forest, West Virginia, Melissa A. Thomas-Van Gundy

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The focus of resource management on National Forests is slowly changing to restoration of ecosystems and habitats. In West Virginia, the revised Land and Resource Management Plan for the Monongahela National Forest (MNF) guides resource management on the MNF. The MNF revised Forest Plan restructured management areas and goals toward restoration of red spruce dominated forests and oak and oak-pine forests in two separate management prescriptions that cover approximately 48% of the MNF. Incorporating ecosystem restoration in forest management may be guided by goals and objectives based on known previous conditions and the range of natural variability of those conditions. …

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Repression Of Phlpp By Mir-190 Contributes To Arsenic-Induced Akt Activation And Carcinogenesis, Kevin John Beezhold Dec 2011

Repression Of Phlpp By Mir-190 Contributes To Arsenic-Induced Akt Activation And Carcinogenesis, Kevin John Beezhold

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Arsenic is a well-studied human carcinogen. The mechanism by which arsenic induces cancer, however, is not fully understood. It is known that as a general stress inducer, arsenic can activate kinases, such as mitogen-activated protein kinases, leading to over activation of transcription factors. These transcription factors, including AP-1, NF-kB and Myc, are known to regulate the expression of early response genes, and likely to regulate miRNAs. The expression of miRNAs is often altered in cancer and other proliferative disorders. It is highly probable that miRNAs whose expressions are altered by arsenic will play a significant role in carcinogenesis. To test …

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The Arts-Integrated Curriculum (Aic) And Its Possible Impact On The Self-Concepts Of Adolescent Girls And Their Perceptions Of Beauty: A Phenomenological Study, Miriam Roth Douglas Dec 2011

The Arts-Integrated Curriculum (Aic) And Its Possible Impact On The Self-Concepts Of Adolescent Girls And Their Perceptions Of Beauty: A Phenomenological Study, Miriam Roth Douglas

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study examines what phenomena may be associated with the self-concept and perceptions of beauty of adolescent girls who completed an Arts-Integrated Curriculum (AIC) in Elementary School. It is designed to add to the descriptive data on the perceptions of beauty that students, teachers, and parents have, especially with regard to girls' concept of self in relation to the AIC learning experiences. This work is driven by a qualitative research method known as phenomenology, which describes the lived experiences of a phenomenon for a group of people (Patton, 2005). The main research data were collected from interviews with ten participants: …

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The Lived Experience: Stories From Those Who Have Encountered Catastrophic Loss From Flood, Margaret R. Rateau Dec 2011

The Lived Experience: Stories From Those Who Have Encountered Catastrophic Loss From Flood, Margaret R. Rateau

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Natural disasters including flood affect thousands of people all over the world each year. As a direct result, millions of dollars in widespread damage occur in the regions directly impacted by such disasters. Analyzing stories from those who have suffered catastrophic loss from flood may offer a means to better understand what is important to the survivor from their perspective and may assist in the recovery process. The purpose of this research was to examine the lived experience of those who have experienced catastrophic loss from flood. The importance of this research and its impact on nursing knowledge development, research, …

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Anisotropic Particles: Preparation And Study, Shengrong Ye Dec 2011

Anisotropic Particles: Preparation And Study, Shengrong Ye

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Anisotropic particles have received significant attention in self-assembly for the large scale fabrication of hierarchical structures. Janus particles, a specific class of anisotropic particles, have two hemispheres with different materials. Due to the anisotropic nature of the particle shape and interactions, Janus particles have demonstrated interesting properties in interfacial assembly, switchable devices, cargo transport, and optical sensing. The objective of this research is to fabricate novel anisotropic Janus particles and explore their potential unique properties.;One of the driving forces arises from the previous work of bimetallic nanorods and their autonomous motion. The bimetallic nanorod systems undergo chemically powered non- Brownian …

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Differentiating Faking-Good Parents From Non-Faking Parents On The Child Abuse Potential Inventory, Amanda H. Costello Dec 2011

Differentiating Faking-Good Parents From Non-Faking Parents On The Child Abuse Potential Inventory, Amanda H. Costello

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Parental fitness evaluations remain common during child abuse investigations, as evidenced by the 19% of victims of maltreatment receiving an evaluation in 2007 in the United States (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2009). A "best practice" approach to parental fitness evaluations consists of using a comprehensive assessment including clinical interviews, risk assessment measures, and behavioral observation (Budd, 2001; 2005). The Child Abuse Potential Inventory (CAP; Milner, 1986) is one risk assessment measure that is often used during evaluations. Unfortunately, abuse risk at pre- and post-treatment as measured by the CAP may be confounded by faking-good responding from the …

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Sequence Stratigraphy, Distribution And Preservation Of Organic Carbon, And Reservoir Properties Of The Middle Devonian Marcellus Shale, Of The Central Appalachian Basin; Northern West Virginia And Southwestern Pennsylvania, Roy L. Sexton Iv Dec 2011

Sequence Stratigraphy, Distribution And Preservation Of Organic Carbon, And Reservoir Properties Of The Middle Devonian Marcellus Shale, Of The Central Appalachian Basin; Northern West Virginia And Southwestern Pennsylvania, Roy L. Sexton Iv

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The Middle Devonian Marcellus Shale of the central Appalachian basin is an unconventional resource play with approximate aerial extent of 34,000,000 acres (137,000 km²), and an estimated 84 trillion cubic feet (2.4 trillion m³) of recoverable natural gas and three billion barrels of recoverable natural gas liquids. Advances in drilling and completion technology have enabled economic production of hydrocarbons from the Marcellus. Despite increased exploration and production of the formation, uncertainties remain regarding controls on spatial and stratigraphic variations in reservoir properties such as total organic carbon (TOC), mineralogic composition, and authigenic components. Additionally, there is a lack of understanding …

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Parental Support And Pressure In Sports And Children's Anger, Sadness, And Worry Regulation, Cara A. Palmer Dec 2011

Parental Support And Pressure In Sports And Children's Anger, Sadness, And Worry Regulation, Cara A. Palmer

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Despite large amounts of child sport participation, research suggests that this activity is not always associated with positive outcomes for youth. This study examined factors that might contribute to discrepant findings associated with youth sports participation. Specifically, parental pressure and support in competitive soccer families and its relation to their children's general emotion regulation were examined. Participants were 91 parent-child dyads (49 males, 42 female, 67 moms, 23 dads) with children between the ages of 8-12 years (M = 10.24, SD = 1.19). Children completed several self-report measures on their parent's pressure and support behaviors in general and in soccer, …

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Mothers' Accuracy And Bias In Predicting Their Toddlers Performance On The Bayley Scales Of Infant Development, Darcey N. Powell Dec 2011

Mothers' Accuracy And Bias In Predicting Their Toddlers Performance On The Bayley Scales Of Infant Development, Darcey N. Powell

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study evaluated mothers' specific knowledge of their own toddlers' development. Mothers' predictions of their toddlers' performance on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Second Edition (BSID-II) were compared to their toddlers' performance on each task. In addition, mothers' accuracy in their predictions and toddlers' performance was compared to the toddlers' display of emotional behaviors during the assessment. Mothers (N = 68, Mage = 31.31 years) with toddlers between the ages of 19 and 26 months (M age = 21.76 months) completed demographic questionnaires, measures assessing their perceived parenting self-efficacy, their knowledge of developmental norms, and their expectation for their …

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Training Techniques Used To Prepare National Ffa Officer Candidates For The National Ffa Officer Selection Process, Becky L. Berkebile Dec 2011

Training Techniques Used To Prepare National Ffa Officer Candidates For The National Ffa Officer Selection Process, Becky L. Berkebile

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Annually every state has the opportunity to send one candidate to vie for a National FFA Officer position. Candidates spend months preparing for the national selection process where they are evaluated on eight character competencies. The purpose of this study was to look at the training and preparation methods used by candidates to prepare for the National FFA Officer Selection process. The target populations for the study were candidates who competed for a National Office over the last five years from 2006-2010 and State Agriculture Education Supervisors. Data were collected via an online questionnaire. The candidate population consisted of 115 …

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Multi Agent System Based Fault Location In A Smart Microgrid System, Seetaram Alwala Dec 2011

Multi Agent System Based Fault Location In A Smart Microgrid System, Seetaram Alwala

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The electric power grid is inherently a huge network that has been going through a lot of transformation because of its restructuring and increase in the deployment of Distributed Generation. The steep increase in electricity demand and the large financial losses caused by the blackouts has initiated research towards increasing the security and robustness of the electric grid and making it a Smart Grid. Smart Grids might incorporate MicroGrids, which can be defined as low to medium voltage networks that contain aggregation of certain loads and Distribution Generation units that can operate in either grid-connected or islanded mode. One of …

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Efficient Design Of Biological Experiments For Dose-Response Modeling In Nanomaterial Toxicology Studies, Kai Wang Dec 2011

Efficient Design Of Biological Experiments For Dose-Response Modeling In Nanomaterial Toxicology Studies, Kai Wang

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This thesis is concerned with developing two-stage Bayesian optimum design procedure in nanotoxicology with simulation experiments. The proposed design method adopts suitable nonlinear dose response curve and non-constant variance model in experimental modeling, which more adequately represents the desirable properties of bioassay-experiment. A multiple objective genetic algorithm were used to select best set of non-dominated experiments on Pareto front. The proposed approach has been shown to provide better design than traditional experiment method in terms of D-optimum design and A-optimum design.

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Can Changes In Sr Protein Acetylation Affect Alternative Splicing?, Heather E. Knupp Dec 2011

Can Changes In Sr Protein Acetylation Affect Alternative Splicing?, Heather E. Knupp

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Cellular phenotype and function is determined by the cellular proteome. Within the cellular proteome there are processes that have a potential to significantly alter the composition of the proteome. One such process is called alternative splicing. Splicing is the removal of introns from a pre-mRNA sequence and the remaining pre-mRNA sequences, called exons, are combined. Alternative splicing modifies the intron-exon combination, and can form novel products from the different arrangement of the coding sequences. This process, due to the high potential for new, possibly unwanted products, is highly regulated and can occur in a tissue and developmental-specific fashion. The misreguation …

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