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Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

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Analysis Of Data Stratification In A Multi-Sensor Fingerprint Dataset Using Match Score Statistics, Loukhya Kakumanu Jan 2016

Analysis Of Data Stratification In A Multi-Sensor Fingerprint Dataset Using Match Score Statistics, Loukhya Kakumanu

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Biometric data is an essential feature employed in testing the performance of any real time biometric recognition system prior to its usage. The variations introduced in the match performance critically determine the authenticity of the biometric data to be able to be used in an everyday scenario for the testing of biometric verification systems. This study in totality aims at understanding the impact of data stratification of a such a biometric test dataset on the match performance of each of its stratum. In order to achieve this goal, the fingerprint dataset of the West Virginia University's 2012 BioCOP has been …

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Beyond High And Lonesome: A Comparative Analysis Of Early Male And Contemporary Female Bluegrass Vocal Styles, Hillary C. Kay Jan 2016

Beyond High And Lonesome: A Comparative Analysis Of Early Male And Contemporary Female Bluegrass Vocal Styles, Hillary C. Kay

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This thesis is a comparative analysis of the bluegrass vocal styles of early male performers of the 1940s and 50s and contemporary female performers actively performing between 2001 and 2016. Four songs were selected from the standard bluegrass repertoire, each one having been recorded by both an early male performer and a contemporary female performer. The three body chapters of the study draw comparisons between the male performers, between the female performers, and then between the two groups. The aims of this study are to better understand 1) How bluegrass singing, which is rooted in male vocal production, is performed …

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Modeling Clinic Utilization By Considering Panel Size, Multicomorbidities And Patient Scheduling, Mahsa Kiani Jan 2016

Modeling Clinic Utilization By Considering Panel Size, Multicomorbidities And Patient Scheduling, Mahsa Kiani

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Many appointment-based clinical systems experience long waiting times. Consequently, these systems experience higher rates of cancellation or no-show. This problem creates dissatisfaction among customers, as well as inefficiencies in healthcare systems, but more importantly, increases medical complications due to postponement of care. As an added complication, sometimes no-showing patients will reschedule appointments and the rate and reschedule discipline can have significant effects on overall patient satisfaction and system efficiency. In this study, a one server, multi-class queuing network model is proposed in which patients have a probability of no-showing as well as a rescheduling rate. No-show and rescheduling rates are …

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Development Of A Computational Platform For Methane-Induced Vented Explosions, Francis R. Kronz Iii Jan 2016

Development Of A Computational Platform For Methane-Induced Vented Explosions, Francis R. Kronz Iii

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Accidental expositions in enclosures, such as industrial and residential buildings, lead to a pressure rise that may injure or kill the personnel as well as damage the construction. For example, an overpressure as small as ∼0.1 atm is enough to kill a person or break glass items, while ∼1 atm overpressures may crucially destroy the structure, including collapsing the walls. A standard remedy strategy against such a disaster is employing venting areas such as windows to allow the expanding gas to escape and thereby reducing the maximal overpressure. There are two common ways how to predict the pressure rise in …

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Implementing The Local Mine Stiffness Calculation In Lamodel, Kaifang Li Jan 2016

Implementing The Local Mine Stiffness Calculation In Lamodel, Kaifang Li

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Catastrophic failure of mine structures, such as coal/rock bumps and cascading pillar failures, is a difficult and longstanding ground control issue which has presented serious safety problems in coal, metal and nonmetal mines. Although various approaches for analyzing this issue have been proposed, it is still hard to predict and/or to eliminate these violent pillar failures due to the poor understanding of the exact mechanism. The local mine stiffness criterion had been recognized as a promising approach for analyzing the issue of dynamic underground pillar collapses. This criterion was initially hypothesized and tested with laboratory experimentation, but with the advent …

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Endocannabinoid Modulation Of Secretory And Inflammatory Causes Of Gastric Pathology, Molly S. Crowe Jan 2016

Endocannabinoid Modulation Of Secretory And Inflammatory Causes Of Gastric Pathology, Molly S. Crowe

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are common analgesic drugs that also cause well-known, negative gastrointestinal (GI) side effects. The specific physiological mechanism(s) of NSAID-induced GI damage are unknown, and are likely due to multiple causes. The most studied components include: increased gastric acid secretions, inflammation of the gastric epithelium, and increased gastric motility. Currently, proton pump inhibitor (PPI) antacids are used by chronic NSAID users, with the expectation that decreasing gastric acid output will reduce gastric epithelial irritation. However, PPIs are associated with side effects like infection, gastric polyps, and dementia. Therefore, new gastroprotective treatments that prevent NSAID-induced gastropathy are needed. …

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Differences In School Climate Means: Exploring Contextual Factors Among A Sample Of Appalachian Youth, Shay M. Daily Jan 2016

Differences In School Climate Means: Exploring Contextual Factors Among A Sample Of Appalachian Youth, Shay M. Daily

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) provides a means for states to streamline current assessment systems and integrate multidimensional measures. The use of comprehensive measures (i.e. school climate) is important in understanding non-academic factors that influence the quality of a school. There are limited studies which describe how contextual factors influence the learning and behavior of students within demographically homogenous populations, especially from rural settings. Rural populations are characterized to have higher prevalence of multiple social, behavioral, and contextual characteristics that negatively affect their perception of school when compared to their urban counterparts.;The purpose of this study was to examine …

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Seismic Geometric Attribute Analysis For Fracture Characterization: New Methodologies And Applications, Haibin Di Jan 2016

Seismic Geometric Attribute Analysis For Fracture Characterization: New Methodologies And Applications, Haibin Di

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In 3D subsurface exploration, detection of faults and fractures from 3D seismic data is vital to robust structural and stratigraphic analysis in the subsurface, and great efforts have been made in the development and application of various seismic attributes (e.g. coherence, semblance, curvature, and flexure). However, the existing algorithms and workflows are not accurate and efficient enough for robust fracture detection, especially in naturally fractured reservoirs with complicated structural geometry and fracture network. My Ph.D. research is proposing the following scopes of work to enhance our capability and to help improve the resolution on fracture characterization and prediction.;For discontinuity attribute, …

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Two Photon Absorption Laser Induced Fluorescence For Fusion Class Plasmas, Drew B. Elliott Jan 2016

Two Photon Absorption Laser Induced Fluorescence For Fusion Class Plasmas, Drew B. Elliott

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Neutral hydrogen particles play an important role in many fusion systems. The edge region of fusion plasmas is strongly influenced by these neutral particles and is of growing importance because of the challenges of plasma material interaction. A two photon absorption laser induced fluorescence diagnostic at West Virginia University has been constructed to measure the local density and velocity distribution of these neutral particles. The diagnostic measures the ground state of hydrogen isotopes by way of two photon absorption from the 1s to 3d state and subsequent single photon emission to the 2 p state. These measurements are absolutely calibrated …

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Distribution And Efficacy Of Chemotherapeutics In The Treatment Of Preclinical Brain Metastases Of Breast Cancer, Tori Terrell Hall Jan 2016

Distribution And Efficacy Of Chemotherapeutics In The Treatment Of Preclinical Brain Metastases Of Breast Cancer, Tori Terrell Hall

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Brain metastases are a critical, life-threatening problem for women with advanced metastatic breast cancer. Approximately 80% of women with disseminated central lesions are unable to survive the first year after diagnosis. Despite the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, chemotherapeutics have limited penetration and distribution into brain metastases and are unable to induce cytotoxicity in the tumor. Limiting the development of new treatments for brain metastases of breast cancer, there are no commercially available in vitro models available that accurately model, and mimic the functionality of, the in vivo blood-tumor barrier (BTB). In an attempt to address the aforementioned problem, the …

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Modulation Of Coronary Reactive Hyperemia Through Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase: Role Of Oxylipins And Ppargamma, Ahmad Mahmoud Hanif Jan 2016

Modulation Of Coronary Reactive Hyperemia Through Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase: Role Of Oxylipins And Ppargamma, Ahmad Mahmoud Hanif

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) continues to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in increasingly more countries. Function and structural damage to the heart are likely consequences of ischemic insults and may even lead to death. The body's physiological response to ischemia is by increasing nourishment or perfusion to the deprived organ in an attempt to decrease the potential ischemia-induced damage and achieve faster recovery. This reaction to ischemia is termed reactive hyperemia (RH), and in the heart, it is coronary reactive hyperemia (CRH). Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are oxylipins derived from arachidonic acid (AA) and possess distinct cardiovascular benefits, …

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Effects Of Palmitic Acid On Milk Production And Insulin Sensitivity In Mid-Lactation Dairy Cows, Alice Treffry Mathews Jan 2016

Effects Of Palmitic Acid On Milk Production And Insulin Sensitivity In Mid-Lactation Dairy Cows, Alice Treffry Mathews

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This masters of science research evaluates the effects of palmitic acid (C16:0) supplementation on milk production and insulin sensitivity in mid-lactation dairy cows. The ability of saturated fatty acids (SFA) to enhance milk yield in dairy cows may be due to shifts in glucose utilization caused by reduced insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of palmitic acid (C16:0) on milk production and insulin sensitivity in cows. Twenty multiparous mid-lactation Holstein cows were enrolled in a study consisting of a 5 d covariate, 49 d treatment, and 14 d post-treatment period. All cows received a …

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Ecological Factors Influencing Incidence And Severity Of Beech Bark Disease, David P. Mccann Jan 2016

Ecological Factors Influencing Incidence And Severity Of Beech Bark Disease, David P. Mccann

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

American beech have long been observed to escape both signs and symptoms of beech bark disease (BBD). Some may be resistant to Cryptococcus fagisuga (beech scale), a primary component of the BBD complex; research indicates about 1-2% of American beech inherit resistance to beech scale. At the landscape level a variety of environmental factors may induce ecological resistance, a transient condition allowing potentially susceptible individuals to remain disease-free. This project investigated factors that may contribute to ecological resistance, focusing on biotic and abiotic stand characteristics and their relation to BBD incidence and severity. Plots were established at fifteen sites in …

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An Evaluation Of The Effectiveness Of A Multidisciplinary Pain Management Intervention For Rural Adults With Chronic Pain, Cathy Mccoy Jan 2016

An Evaluation Of The Effectiveness Of A Multidisciplinary Pain Management Intervention For Rural Adults With Chronic Pain, Cathy Mccoy

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Chronic noncancerous pain (CNCP) is a major health problem in West Virginia (WV). Legislative barriers have limited primary care providers on the number of CNCP patients they can treat within their practice. Consequently, many patients have lost treatment for their chronic pain and chronic illnesses. Providers have refused to accept new patients with preexisting chronic pain and discharged those within their practices to stay under the limits of the law. A large number of pain patients began to go to local emergency rooms for pain management and untreated chronic illnesses. A multidisciplinary chronic pain management center has the potential to …

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The Role Of Reculturalization In Adaptation: A Comparison Of Humor Styles In The Uk And U.S. Versions Of "The Office", Rachael A. Mckinney Jan 2016

The Role Of Reculturalization In Adaptation: A Comparison Of Humor Styles In The Uk And U.S. Versions Of "The Office", Rachael A. Mckinney

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Purpose -- The purpose of this study was to conduct a content analysis of humor styles used in an original British television show and its adapted U.S. version.;Methodology -- A total of 28 episodes from the UK and U.S. version of the television sitcom The Office were classified under the four humor styles described by Martin et al. (2003).;Findings -- Humor styles used in television sitcoms significantly differ between the two countries. The UK uses more aggressive and self-defeating humor than the U.S., while affiliative humor is the predominant humor style found in the U.S. and is used more frequently …

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The Role Of Personality And Gender In Performance In Science And Engineering, Rossina B. Miller Jan 2016

The Role Of Personality And Gender In Performance In Science And Engineering, Rossina B. Miller

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) student success is important to universities across the nation. Existing studies have examined standardized exams and high school GPA as predictors of student success; fewer studies have examined the role of personality. The present study examined whether STEM students have different personalities than the general population, whether population-level gender differences in personality were evident among STEM students, and if personality predicts academic success. The Big Five Inventory (BFI) measuring personality was given to a diverse population of students in introductory physics and calculus classes, as well as developmental mathematics (non-science track) classes, at a …

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Upscaling Of Sagd Process Using Spectrum-Based Analysis For Heterogeneius Reservoirs, Vahid Mohammadnia Jan 2016

Upscaling Of Sagd Process Using Spectrum-Based Analysis For Heterogeneius Reservoirs, Vahid Mohammadnia

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The main objective for this work is to predict the impact of heterogeneity in the rock and fluid properties on the governing equations in modeling of SAGD process. To serve this purpose, a spectrum-based upscaling approach is applied on the governing equations.;A probability-based analysis is used to include heterogeneity in the fluid and rock properties by assigning random perturbation fields to each property. Furthermore, each property is decomposed into the expectation and perturbation values. Heat diffusion and Darcy equations are upscaled by applying Fourier-Stieltjes transform. The upscaled equations embrace the heterogeneity in permeability and thermal diffusivity and can predict the …

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Autism Educators In Morgantown, W.Va. A Multimedia Story On Their Trials And Triumphs, Shishira Nanjangud Sreenivas Jan 2016

Autism Educators In Morgantown, W.Va. A Multimedia Story On Their Trials And Triumphs, Shishira Nanjangud Sreenivas

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This professional project consists of an external website with four audiovisual multimedia projects. The projects are photos and audio sound bites of four educators who possess different areas of specialty in teaching and assisting children with autism. Each of the educators showcased in this project address the realities of teaching children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and reveal particular issues that affect autistic children seeking special education in Morgantown, West Virginia. Additionally, the project discusses social responsibility, previous media coverage on autism, and also examines where West Virginia stands social-economically compared to some its neighboring states.

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The Impact Of Location And Proximity On Consumers' Willingness To Pay For Green Electricity: The Case Of West Virginia, Kofi Nkansah Jan 2016

The Impact Of Location And Proximity On Consumers' Willingness To Pay For Green Electricity: The Case Of West Virginia, Kofi Nkansah

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

During the 2015 legislative session, West Virginia lawmakers passed a bill to repeal the Renewable and Alternative Energy Portfolio Standards Act of 2009 (ARPS). Legislators stated concerns about ARPS's impacts on coal industry related jobs in the state as the major factor driving this repeal. However, no comprehensive study on public acceptance, opinions, or willingness to pay (WTP) for renewable/and or alternative sources of electricity within West Virginia was used to inform this repeal decision. As the state of West Virginia struggles to find the right path to expand its renewable energy portfolio, public acceptance of renewable electricity is crucial …

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Comprehensive Analysis Of The Atlantic Coast Natural Gas Transmission Line, William David Young Jan 2016

Comprehensive Analysis Of The Atlantic Coast Natural Gas Transmission Line, William David Young

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

New energy sources are needed to sustain our constant need for energy as well as the development of the next generation. The Atlantic Coast Pipeline is over 600 miles in length and will provide consistent, clean energy to the energy consumers in Virginia and North Carolina from natural gas production in the states of West Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Ohio. A detailed analysis was performed looking at modern pipeline construction as well as multiple studies to determine the economic, social, and environmental impacts of this transmission line. A theoretical study was also performed comparing how this transmission line would impact the …

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Automated Basketball Scoring System, Znanatej Panga Jan 2016

Automated Basketball Scoring System, Znanatej Panga

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

An automated basketball scoring system is configured to detect when a shot is made. In addition, this system can be modified for recreation or training purposes. A Conductive Rubber Cord Stretch Sensor is used to detect if a shot has been successfully made. This Conductive Rubber cord is laced around the net and it stretches when basketball passes through the net. Careful comparison of differences in the analog voltage values helps in identifying when a valid shot is made. In this scoring system, the basketball hoop is lit up using LEDs which change colors in Red-Green-Blue order at regular intervals. …

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Analysis Of The Potential Of Renewable Energy Development In Saudi Arabia, Fahad Alqahtani Jan 2016

Analysis Of The Potential Of Renewable Energy Development In Saudi Arabia, Fahad Alqahtani

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Saudi Arabia is one nation that has been exploring the potential of renewable energy for many years. Saudi authorities, scientists, and researchers view renewable energy as a preferable long-term energy strategy. Despite this, because Saudi Arabia is one of the leading oil producing nations and relies heavily on it as a form of energy, solar energy has not been given much serious consideration. Solar and wind energy are the best sources of renewable energy in Saudi Arabia; however, because of the large amount of oil in the country, most do not want to explore the option of renewable energy. Hence, …

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A Study On Dicycles And Eulerian Subdigraphs, Khalid A. Alsatami Jan 2016

A Study On Dicycles And Eulerian Subdigraphs, Khalid A. Alsatami

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

1. Dicycle cover of Hamiltonian oriented graphs. A dicycle cover of a digraph D is a family F of dicycles of D such that each arc of D lies in at least one dicycle in F. We investigate the problem of determining the upper bounds for the minimum number of dicycles which cover all arcs in a strong digraph. Best possible upper bounds of dicycle covers are obtained in a number of classes of digraphs, including strong tournaments, Hamiltonian oriented graphs, Hamiltonian oriented complete bipartite graphs, and families of possibly non-hamiltonian digraphs obtained from these digraphs via a sequence of …

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Mixed Signal Integrated Circuit Design For Custom Sensor Interfacing, Steven M. Andryzcik Ii Jan 2016

Mixed Signal Integrated Circuit Design For Custom Sensor Interfacing, Steven M. Andryzcik Ii

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Low-power analog integrated circuits (ICs) can be utilized at the interface between an analog sensor and a digital system's input to decrease power consumption, increase system accuracy, perform signal processing, and make the necessary adjustments for compatibility between the two devices. This interfacing has typically been done with custom integrated solutions, but advancements in floating-gate technologies have made reconfigurable analog ICs a competitive option. Whether the solution is a custom design or built from a reconfigurable system, digital peripheral circuits are needed to configure their operation for these analog circuits to work with the best accuracy.;Using an analog IC as …

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Streptococcal Collagen-Like Protein 1, Scl1, Modulates Group A Streptococcus Adhesion, Biofilm Formation And Virulence, Beth Alexandra Bachert Jan 2016

Streptococcal Collagen-Like Protein 1, Scl1, Modulates Group A Streptococcus Adhesion, Biofilm Formation And Virulence, Beth Alexandra Bachert

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Background: The collagens comprise a large family of versatile proteins found in all three domains of life. The streptococcal collagen-like protein 1, scl1, of group A Streptococcus (GAS) binds extracellular matrix components (ECM), cellular fibronectin and laminin, via the surface-exposed globular domain. GAS strains express scl1 and form biofilm in vitro, except for M3-type strains that are particularly invasive to humans. Hypothesis: Lack of scl1 adhesin in M3 GAS results in decreased adherence and biofilm formation, and increased virulence. Results and Discussion : First crystal structure of the globular domain revealed a unique six-helical bundle fold, consisting of three pairs …

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Oxygen Reduction Kinetics Of La2-Xsrxnio 4+Delta Electrodes For Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Bo Guan Jan 2016

Oxygen Reduction Kinetics Of La2-Xsrxnio 4+Delta Electrodes For Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Bo Guan

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In the development of intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC), mixed ionic-electronic conductors (MIEC) have drawn big interests due to their both ionic and electronic species transport which can enlarge the 3-dimension of the cathode network. This thesis presents an investigation of MIEC of Ruddlesden-popper (RP) phases like K2NiF4 type La2NiO4+delta (LNO)-based oxides which have interesting transport, catalytic properties and suitable thermal expansion coefficients. The motivation of this present work is to further understand the fundamental of the effect of Sr doing on the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics of LNO cathode.;Porous symmetrical cells of La2-xSrxNiO4+delta (0≤x≤0.4) were fabricated …

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Uncertainty Quantification Through Bayesian Analysis For A Fixed Bed Experiment Of Carbon Capture Using Polyethylenimine (Pei) Solid Sorbents, Brian T. Logsdon Jan 2016

Uncertainty Quantification Through Bayesian Analysis For A Fixed Bed Experiment Of Carbon Capture Using Polyethylenimine (Pei) Solid Sorbents, Brian T. Logsdon

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

With greenhouse gas emissions becoming a major concern and topic for research over the past decade, much effort has been supplied into the progress of reducing these emissions. Carbon dioxide concentration has increased over past 60 years. A major source of this emission is post combustion coal power plants. In order to reduce these emissions, many carbon capture and storage technologies are being researched and developed. A major issue confronting this research is investigating these technologies on multiple scales. For example, solid sorbents experience phenomena on a quantum and macroscopic scale. Thus a bridge must be made between these two …

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Synergistic Modeling Of In-Vitro And In-Vivo Data Via Stochastic Kriging With Qualitative Factors (Skq), Behnam Dehghan Jan 2016

Synergistic Modeling Of In-Vitro And In-Vivo Data Via Stochastic Kriging With Qualitative Factors (Skq), Behnam Dehghan

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The objective of this study is to model in-vivo propranolol plasma concentration after administrating oral propranolol extended-release (ER) tablets. In-vivo data are typically expensive and scarce. To save time and cost needed to achieve high-quality in- vivo profile, this work utilizes both in-vitro and in-vivo data.;The ensemble of in-vitro and in-vivo data is modeled by stochastic kriging with qualitative factors (SKQ). It treats in-vivo and in-vitro as the two distinct levels of a qualitative factor. By synergistically modeling both types of data, SKQ is able to provide fitted in-vivo profiles whose quality is much higher than those obtained from modeling …

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Analysis Of Paleofluids In The Sant Corneli Anticline, South-Central Spanish Pyrenees, Amanda Delisle Jan 2016

Analysis Of Paleofluids In The Sant Corneli Anticline, South-Central Spanish Pyrenees, Amanda Delisle

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Five systematic joint sets (J1-J5) have been observed at and around the Sant Corneli anticline in the south-central Spanish Pyrenees. These joint sets have been identified and grouped primarily on observed orientations in the field by two previous studies; however, syntectonic strata and cross-cutting relationships do not fully constrain the timing of these sets. This lack of timing constraints has resulted in two differing interpretations regarding the timing of each joint set. Understanding the conditions (i.e. pressure, temperature) of fracture filling cements at the time of cement formation can provide direct evidence for fluid evolution and migration at the time …

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Characterization Of Nox Emissions From Light-Duty Diesel Vehicles During Off-Cycle Operation, Ranjith Reddy Kalluri Jan 2016

Characterization Of Nox Emissions From Light-Duty Diesel Vehicles During Off-Cycle Operation, Ranjith Reddy Kalluri

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Persisting air quality problems in the US have triggered several policy responses that are targeted at lowering the emissions of light-duty vehicles. In addition, the promulgation of Clean Air Act of 1963 and other stringent emissions regulations in the recent times (USEPA Tier 2 Bin 5) to improve the quality of ambient air, mandated the OEMs to develop advanced engine combustion strategies and after-treatment pathways to minimize NOx, PM emissions and attain these ultra-low regulatory targets. Significant difference in emissions rates between certification cycles and real world operation has been observed.;The objective of this study is to conduct in-use emissions …

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