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Applicability Of Bispectral Analysis To Unstable Plasma Waves, Renaud Stauber
Applicability Of Bispectral Analysis To Unstable Plasma Waves, Renaud Stauber
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
A program to implement a spectral analysis technique called the bispectrum was written and tested with computer generated time series data. The application of the algorithm to the study of nonlinear interactions was demonstrated by a comparison of computed quantities with results from model equations found in the literature. Specifically determined were: the amplitude and phase of coupling coefficients, the power transfer function, the fraction of power associated with nonlinear coupling, and the identification of waves involved in a quadratic coupling interaction. A method of distinguishing the two parent waves from the daughter wave in this three-wave interaction is proposed …
Ergonomic Evaluation Of Assistive Devices And Manual Methods For Resident-Handling Tasks In Nursing Homes., Ziqing Zhuang
Ergonomic Evaluation Of Assistive Devices And Manual Methods For Resident-Handling Tasks In Nursing Homes., Ziqing Zhuang
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Resident-handling tasks have been identified as the primary cause of back injury among nursing professionals. The objective of this study was to evaluate resident-handling procedures to determine which procedures resulted in less biomechanical and/or psychophysical stresses to those personnel performing resident-handling tasks. The objective was accomplished through an ergonomic evaluation of different assistive devices and manual methods for performing two resident-handling tasks that place nursing personnel in nursing homes at a high risk of back injury--transferring residents from bed to a chair and lifting residents up in bed. Twelve assistive devices and two manual methods were evaluated in this laboratory …
The Relation Between Marital Conflict And Child Adjustment: An Examination Of Parental And Child Repertoires., Beverley Kim Beach
The Relation Between Marital Conflict And Child Adjustment: An Examination Of Parental And Child Repertoires., Beverley Kim Beach
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Impelled by research deficits identified by previous researchers, the relation between marital conflict and child adjustment was investigated within a repertoire-based paradigm to yield a more complete understanding of the etiology and maintenance of child adjustment problems. Specific parental and child affective, cognitive, and motoric conflict repertoires were obtained via an analogue task, and were related to 10 to 13 year olds' internalizing and externalizing problems. The correspondence between parental and child conflict repertoires was examined, as were the relations between intra-individual affective, cognitive, and motoric conflict responses. Findings further elucidated the relation between marital conflict and child psychopathology; specific …
Effects Of Pasture Management Factors On Red Clover Root And Stand Characteristics And Observations Of Seasonal Crawling Activity Of Root-Feeding Insect Pests Of Red Clover., Mark Paul Culik
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a high quality forage; however, its use may be limited by root-feeding insects (Hylastinus obscurus (Marsham), Calomycterus setarius Roelofs, Sitona flavescens Marsham, and S. hispidulus (F.)) and root diseases. Little information is available concerning the impact of pasture management practices on such pests. This study was done from 1988 to 1992 to determine effects of management factors (soil fertility, harvest frequency, and harvest intensity) on red clover root and stand characteristics. Pitfall trapping was conducted during the study to monitor movement of root-feeding insects. Two sets of experimental plots were established at a site …
Social Welfare Policy In The American States: The Case Of Afdc., Sung Chul Kim
Social Welfare Policy In The American States: The Case Of Afdc., Sung Chul Kim
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This dissertation is divided into two main parts. The first part presents an intergovernmental model of the Aid to Families with Dependent Children program, focusing on program benefits and eligibility criteria. The second part explores the impact of state political institutions--the governor, the state legislature, and the state bureaucracy--on AFDC policy outcomes. There has been a great deal of research on the structure and operations of intergovernmental programs in the United States (Beam et. al. 1983; Dilger 1989). There have been relatively few research efforts, however, that attempt to differentiate the relative impact that federal, state, and local government officials …
Visionary Leadership And Total Quality Management In Higher Education Administration., Larry Dusten Kyle
Visionary Leadership And Total Quality Management In Higher Education Administration., Larry Dusten Kyle
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Higher education is facing an enrollment crisis as well as reduced funding. Higher education is being asked to do more with less. Add to this increased demands for accountability plus increased competition for students and higher education is faced with the same situation American industry faced in the 1980's. This study seeks to determine if the tools and techniques of Total Quality Management (TQM) can help higher education as it helped American industry regain its competitiveness in the world market. To examine TQM in higher education, the effect of the visionary leader on the TQM culture was studied. The visionary …
Stress Distribution And Failure Mechanism Of Reinforced Concrete Column Subjected To Internal Explosive Charge., Yong-Suk Ro
Stress Distribution And Failure Mechanism Of Reinforced Concrete Column Subjected To Internal Explosive Charge., Yong-Suk Ro
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The concept of using explosives to demolish buildings and structures revolutionized the methods to eliminate the unsafe and unwanted structures efficiently and with minimum danger. The idea of demolishing buildings was introduced by CDI (Controlled Demolition Inc., Phoenix, Maryland) during the late 1960s, and the technique has become very popular ever since with numerous blasting agencies and construction companies opting to use explosives over conventional methods of demolition. Though the technique has been used for about a couple of decades, there has not been a unified theory developed to determine the quantity and type of explosive needed to demolish a …
Constructing The Chaucer Corpus: A Study Of Cambridge, University Library, Ms. Gg.4.27., Matthew Clark Wolfe
Constructing The Chaucer Corpus: A Study Of Cambridge, University Library, Ms. Gg.4.27., Matthew Clark Wolfe
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Cambridge, University Library, MS. Gg.4.27, brings together more of Geoffrey Chaucer's work than any other extant manuscript. It contains Troilus and Criseyde, The Canterbury Tales, Legend of Good Women, Parliament of Fowls, and other poems. MS. Gg.4.27 is also important for its unique spellings, its organization, and its value as a corpus. Based on my examination of the manuscript, I argue that MS. Gg.4.27 is the earliest surviving effort to create a corpus of Chaucer's poetry and that the manuscript and its production provide important information about the reception of Chaucer in the fifteenth century. As there are no manuscripts …
A Layer-Wise Theory For Linear And Failure Analysis Of Laminated Composite Beams., Youngchan Kim
A Layer-Wise Theory For Linear And Failure Analysis Of Laminated Composite Beams., Youngchan Kim
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Based on a generalized laminate plate theory, the formulation of a one-dimensional Beam finite element with Layer-wise Constant Shear (BLCS) is presented. The linear layer-wise representation of in-plane displacements permit accurate computation of normal stresses and transverse shear stresses on each layer for laminated beams with dissimilar ply stiffnesses. For the accurate computation of interlaminar shear stresses, the layer-wise constant shear stresses obtained from constitutive relations are transformed into parabolic shear stress distributions in a post-processing operation. The accuracy of the BLCS is demonstrated by solving various experimental and numerical examples reported in the literature. The BLCS formulation is extended …
Operating Characteristics And Stability Of Multiple-Fan Ventilation Systems., Shumin Lin
Operating Characteristics And Stability Of Multiple-Fan Ventilation Systems., Shumin Lin
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Augmented-system equations related to a subsystem of a multiple-fan ventilation system are established. It has been found that an augmented system has a unique solution curve and all the possible system solution points are located on the curve at the points where the augmented parameter has a zero value. The Quasi-Newton algorithm is then introduced and combined with the switching-parameter technique to form an effective and efficient numerical tool for identifying the solution curve and all the system operation points. Exemplary networks are analyzed using the new algorithm to demonstrate its superiority over all other methods available for analyzing ventilation …
A Theoretical And Experimental Investigation Of Spouted Beds With Draft Tubes., Mao Xu
A Theoretical And Experimental Investigation Of Spouted Beds With Draft Tubes., Mao Xu
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
A spouted bed with a draft tube insert and separate gas supplies into the annular region and central core at the bottom of the bed was built. The influence of the central gas feed flow rates, annular gas feed flow rate, and the bottom gap height on the solids circulation rate, gas bypassing rate through the bottom gap beneath the draft tube, and pressure drop across the bed were investigated. The experimental results show that within the experimental range: (1) an increase in the central gas feed flow rate increases the solids circulation rate and gas bypassing flow rate from …
On The Frontiers Of Empire: British Administration In Kenya's Northern Frontier District, 1905-1935., George Lawrence Simpson
On The Frontiers Of Empire: British Administration In Kenya's Northern Frontier District, 1905-1935., George Lawrence Simpson
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This thesis is a study of British administration in Kenya's Northern Frontier District (NFD) between 1905 and 1935. It examines the colonial policies and institutions which governed the mainly pastoral African societies who inhabited the frontier region. This work argues that the colonial authorities treated the NFD much differently than the rest of Kenya and that, because of the administration's absorption with "law and order," the province's political and economic development was neglected. It is based primarily on British archival sources including the correspondence between Kenya governors and the Colonial Office in London and official records which originated from within …
Development Of A Stable Tetrahedral Finite Element For Metal Forming Analysis., V B. Rachakonda
Development Of A Stable Tetrahedral Finite Element For Metal Forming Analysis., V B. Rachakonda
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
A nonlinear 'velocity-pressure' mixed finite element formulation for three dimensional rigid-viscoplastic analysis of metal forming problems is presented. It adequately takes into account the nonlinear material behavior and the large deformations that occur during metal forming operations. A ten-noded tetrahedral finite element with a quadratic interpolation in velocity and linear interpolation in pressure is used to discretize the domain of the deforming body. The salient feature of the formulation is the enforcement of the incompressibility requirement necessitated by the use of the rigid-viscoplastic constitutive law by modifying the constitutive equation to include a pressure variable and adding an additional constraint …
Errors In Sampling Particulate Flows With A 10-Mm Dorr-Oliver Cyclone Separator., Krishnendu Kar
Errors In Sampling Particulate Flows With A 10-Mm Dorr-Oliver Cyclone Separator., Krishnendu Kar
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
In this work, the efficiency of an isolated and mannequin-mounted 10mm Dorr-Oliver nylon cyclone as a particle preclassifier for respirable dust sampling was experimentally determined relative to an isokinetic sampler (sampling efficiency) and an inlet simulator sampler (penetration). A TSI Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS 3310) and a Marple six-stage impactor at different stream velocities (1.52 m/s, 2.43 m/s, 4.15 m/s), sampling flow rates (2.0 lpm, 1.7 lpm, 1.2 lpm) and inlet orientations {dollar}(0\\sp\\circ,\\ 90\\sp\\circ,\\ 180\\sp\\circ{dollar}) relative to the free stream was used. The Sigmoid curve has been found to represent the efficiency (penetration and sampling efficiency) of the cyclone fairly …
The Effectiveness Of Semantic Mapping Instruction On The Definition-Making Abilities And Strategy Reporting Of Fourth And Fifth-Grade Students With And Without Language Learning Disabilities., Robert Dick Kefferstan
The Effectiveness Of Semantic Mapping Instruction On The Definition-Making Abilities And Strategy Reporting Of Fourth And Fifth-Grade Students With And Without Language Learning Disabilities., Robert Dick Kefferstan
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Reading to learn is a major curricular goal in the fourth and fifth grades. Vocabulary development is an important aspect of this goal. Learning the meaning of unfamiliar words is not an easy task for all learners, especially for some students with a language learning disability. This multiple baseline single case/small group investigation was designed to study the effectiveness of semantic mapping instruction as a technique for learning new words. Fourth and fifth grade students met with their regular classroom teacher in small groups to construct semantic maps. At each grade level, the group consisted of a student with a …
The Effect Of Hypertension On Cognitive Performance In Older Adults: Self-Evaluation As A Mediator., Ruth Tunick
The Effect Of Hypertension On Cognitive Performance In Older Adults: Self-Evaluation As A Mediator., Ruth Tunick
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The primary purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of hypertension on both self-assessed and laboratory measures of memory and on non-cognitive factors such as anxiety, depression, self-efficacy, and locus of control. Eight male and twelve female normotensive adults aged 62 to 77 years (M = 71.8) and 8 male and 12 female hypertensive adults aged 62 to 78 years (M = 72.5) completed questionnaires measuring state and trait anxiety, depression, self-efficacy, locus of control, and health in addition to performing speed of processing, spatial and verbal working memory and short term memory tasks and measures of …
Within-Population Variation In Demography Of Taraxacum Officinale., Milan Charles Vavrek
Within-Population Variation In Demography Of Taraxacum Officinale., Milan Charles Vavrek
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
A central question in evolutionary biology has been, how is within-population genetic diversity maintained in the face of selection and drift. I examined the potential contribution of environmental seasonality to the maintenance of diversity within plant populations by asking: Is demography of a natural population season-specific? Does season-specific demography vary among biotypes within the population? Are season-specific responses influenced by the competitive environment? Can the patterns of genotype performance among seasons be responsible for preserving genetic diversity within a population? Demography of a natural population of Taraxacum officinale in Morgantown, WV, USA, examined with Lefkovitch transition matrices, was season-specific. Population …
A Study Of The Effects Of Using A Computer Algebra System In College Algebra., Clyde Preston Campbell
A Study Of The Effects Of Using A Computer Algebra System In College Algebra., Clyde Preston Campbell
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of using a computer algebra system in College Algebra. This study had a pretest-posttest design where improvement in instruction was measured through increased (1) student achievement, (2) conceptual understanding and (3) attitude score toward mathematics. One instructor taught two control classes (86 students) using the usual classroom instruction with the chalkboard as the only instructional aid. The other instructor taught two experimental classes (89 students) using a computer algebra system (CAS) as a demonstration tool in the lectures. The CAS was also used in a computer laboratory during eight regularly …
The Effects Of Extensive Reading On Reading Comprehension And Writing Proficiency In Foreign Language Learning., Johanna Marie Caruso
The Effects Of Extensive Reading On Reading Comprehension And Writing Proficiency In Foreign Language Learning., Johanna Marie Caruso
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The present study has these objectives: (1) to determine the effects of extensive reading on reading comprehension, (2) on writing complexity, (3) to assess subjects' views of extensive reading, (4) and to determine if demography affected pre and posttest reading and writing. During the 1992-93 academic year at West Virginia University, eight classes of Spanish 4 students (four classes per semester) were involved in the study. Experimental group students were tested to see if reading extensively for main meaning would affect reading and writing skills. Experimental and control groups contained subjects of various ages, with varying degrees of experience in …
Experimental Observation Of Ion-Cyclotron Turbulence In The Presence Of Transverse-Velocity Shear., William E. Amatucci
Experimental Observation Of Ion-Cyclotron Turbulence In The Presence Of Transverse-Velocity Shear., William E. Amatucci
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This laboratory investigation documents the influence of transverse, localized, dc electric fields (TLE) on the excitation of ion-cyclotron waves driven by magnetic-field-aligned current (FAC) in a Q-machine plasma device. A segmented disk electrode, located on axis at the end of the plasma column, is used to independently control TLE and FAC in the plasma (potassium plasma, {dollar}n\\approx 10\\sp9{dollar} cm{dollar}\\sp{lcub}-3{rcub}{dollar}, {dollar}\\rho\\sb{lcub}i{rcub}{dollar} {dollar}\\approx{dollar} 0.2 cm, {dollar}T\\sb{lcub}e{rcub} = T\\sb{lcub}i{rcub}{dollar} {dollar}\\approx{dollar} 0.2 eV). Ion-cyclotron waves have been characterized in both the weak-TLE and large-FAC regime and the strong-TLE and small-FAC regime. The existence of a new category of oscillation identified as the inhomogeneous energy-density …
Optimization Of Robotic Mechanical Assembly Sequence Utilizing Probabilistic Constraints., Jie Jiang
Optimization Of Robotic Mechanical Assembly Sequence Utilizing Probabilistic Constraints., Jie Jiang
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Assembly sequence is a determining factor in the successful design of an assembly system. An optimum sequence can improve the product quality, increase reliability of assembly and reduce assembly costs. This dissertation presents a general method for evaluation of optimum mechanical assembly sequences for a given product. The program is a task-level program, which is written in high-level language C in a knowledge-based system environment. The method uses a relational model of the assembly. The representations of subassemblies are presented by cutting the connection graph model based on geometric constraints. The problem is formulated by using the best-first search method …
Characterizing Interfacial Adhesion Between Wood Fibers And A Thermoplastic Matrix., Feipeng P. Liu
Characterizing Interfacial Adhesion Between Wood Fibers And A Thermoplastic Matrix., Feipeng P. Liu
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Interfacial adhesion across the fiber/matrix interface plays a critical role in controlling the performance of reinforced wood fiber and thermoplastic composites. In this study, the surfaces of cellulosic (rayon, cotton, and wood) fibers were chemically modified with acetic anhydride and styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers, producing different and controlled fiber surface morphologies and chemical functionalities. A specific emphasis was given to the modification to wood fiber surfaces. Dynamic contact angle (DCA) analysis and a microbond test were used to determine the fiber surface free energy and the acid/base interaction and evaluate the interfacial shear strength (ISS) between modified wood fibers and a …
Compatibility Of Submicron Silicon Cmos Circuits With Gallium Arsenide-On-Silicon Heteroepitaxy., Hormuzdiar E. Nariman
Compatibility Of Submicron Silicon Cmos Circuits With Gallium Arsenide-On-Silicon Heteroepitaxy., Hormuzdiar E. Nariman
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Advanced packaging and high density interconnections are emerging technologies as silicon MOS device dimensions scale down to minimum physical limits. Multi-chip Modules and Wafer Scale Integration improve packing density, and provide solutions to board area issues beyond the capabilities of even the most densely packed surface mount technologies. Such technologies could confront increasingly complex interconnection constraints, and might provide opportunities for the insertion of high performance optical interconnections into future microelectronic systems. However, successful integration of optics with microelectronic system technologies requires a careful evaluation of the practical issues confronting monolithic co-integration of GaAs optoelectronics with high performance silicon CMOS …
Modeling, Simulation And Response Analysis Of Antilock Braking Systems., Sudhanshu Nigam
Modeling, Simulation And Response Analysis Of Antilock Braking Systems., Sudhanshu Nigam
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Two problems faced by the brake industries today are: (1) Longer development time because of the design approach that uses actual physical tests to evaluate and caliberat design for a specific brake and vehicle system. (2) Incapability of the ABS (Antilock Braking Systems) to optimally achieve the functional requirements of stopping distance, steerability, and stability under the wide variety of road and driving conditions that are encountered. The two problems stated above are addressed in this dissertation. A computer model is developed for brake and vehicle. Using the model analytical simulations instead of actual physical tests are performed. Simulation is …
Three-Dimensional Color: Development Of A Machine Vision Colorimeter., William K. Preece
Three-Dimensional Color: Development Of A Machine Vision Colorimeter., William K. Preece
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This document proposes a patent pending process, called 3D COLOR, to measure color and appearance of three-dimensional (3D), non-specifically oriented objects with a 24 bit color machine vision system. The core technology of 3D COLOR encompasses image correction and shading correction. A methodology is developed and implemented for improving image fidelity by calibrating and removing camera, illumination, and optical influences from the image. Techniques for removing the shape induced shading from the image data of a three-dimensional object are explored. This facilitates large region analysis of color and appearance for finished products and on-line color monitoring for nonplanar web processes …
The Effects Of Metaphor On Writing Quality In Elementary School Children., Jane Frances Rudden
The Effects Of Metaphor On Writing Quality In Elementary School Children., Jane Frances Rudden
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This study addressed the effect of metaphor on the quality of writing in 1st-/2nd-graders (Group A, N = 7), 2nd-/3rd-graders (Group B, N = 17), 3rd-/4th-graders (Group C, N = 9), and 4th-/5th-graders (Group D, N = 12). These grade levels are representative of the literal or conventional phase of expression wherein there is a typical resistance shown toward the use of metaphor. This study also focused on the relationship between frequency of metaphor and writing quality, and the effects of grade on quality scores over time. Each group received instruction in metaphor competence and wrote in response to a …
Measurement And Prediction Of Temperature Histories For Single Coal Particles Prior To And During Devolatilization., Ramanathan Sampath
Measurement And Prediction Of Temperature Histories For Single Coal Particles Prior To And During Devolatilization., Ramanathan Sampath
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The measurement and prediction of the devolatilization temperature histories of bituminous coal particles (of size 106-125 {dollar}\\mu\\rm m){dollar} are carried out for a range of heating intensities. Single particles were isolated in an electrodynamic balance and their three-dimensional external surface areas, volumes, and densities were measured using rapid optical methods. The particles were then irradiated with a pulsed Nd:YAG laser beam of equal intensity from opposite sides. Devolatilization temperature transients during heating and cooling (after the laser pulse was terminated) were measured using a single-color pyrometer. Truncated pulse-widths were also employed to heat and cool some particles prior to devolatilization. …
A Biological System For The Dissolution Of Insoluble Phosphate Ores: 2-Ketogluconate Increases The Solubility Of Soil Phosphates., Joanne Marie Scalzitti
A Biological System For The Dissolution Of Insoluble Phosphate Ores: 2-Ketogluconate Increases The Solubility Of Soil Phosphates., Joanne Marie Scalzitti
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The following investigation examined a biological system employing bacterially-derived 2-ketogluconate (2KG) for the dissolution of insoluble soil phosphates. It has been suggested that 2KG solubilizes insoluble soil phosphates by either a reduction in soil pH or by chelating divalent cations. The capability of 2KG derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 to solubilize phosphate ores and the mechanism by which this dissolution occurs were investigated in vitro and in vivo. The dissolution of all three ores was shown to be dose-dependent, non-linear, and not correlated with a significant reduction in pH of the solution. The dissolution of IP and RP resulted in …
Practices Used By Exemplary Choral Directors For Successful Policy Implementation In The High School Choral Curriculum., H Jeffrey Smith
Practices Used By Exemplary Choral Directors For Successful Policy Implementation In The High School Choral Curriculum., H Jeffrey Smith
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The purpose of this investigation was to analyze the policies of the fifty states as a basis for developing a policy regarding the instruction of music history, critical evaluation, and aesthetics in high school choral classes. Using the relationships, practices, materials, and suggestions of exemplary high school choral directors, and the extent to which they value these issues, a plan for policy implementation was the final result. State supervisors of music and state American Choral Directors Association presidents were asked to submit the names of three to five exemplary high school choral directors. From the names submitted, 129 questionnaires were …
Organizational Climate And Student Success On The Bsn Exit Exams In The Pennsylvania Sshe Schools Of Nursing., Jacqueline Stefanik
Organizational Climate And Student Success On The Bsn Exit Exams In The Pennsylvania Sshe Schools Of Nursing., Jacqueline Stefanik
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The purpose of this study was to describe the programs in terms of faculty's and chairs' perceptions of organizational climate and to determine the potential relationships between organizational climate and student success, i.e., educational outcomes on the BSN Exit Exams. This was done for baccalaureate nursing students enrolled in the 10 Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education (SSHE) schools in 1992. The Organizational Climate Index (OCI-375SF) was used to measure climate. Student success by programs was measured by the Mean Percent Correct z-equivalent (MPC-z) on the BSN Exit Exams. These included the NLN BSN Exam, Mosby AssessTest, NLN DRT, and …