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Retroviral Recombination During Reverse Transcription: An Analysis Of The Mechanism, Frequency, And Effect Of The Viral Packaging Signal (Ψ)., Jeffrey Allan Anderson Jan 2001

Retroviral Recombination During Reverse Transcription: An Analysis Of The Mechanism, Frequency, And Effect Of The Viral Packaging Signal (Ψ)., Jeffrey Allan Anderson

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Retroviral recombination occurs during replication and produces a DNA copy that contains genetic information from two parental RNAs. Recombination increases variation within the viral population by reassortment of mutations. In the presence of selective pressures, such as drug treatments, host immunosurveillance, or anti-viral vaccines, retroviruses are able to evolve rapidly leading to higher viral titers and increased pathogenicity. Two models have been proposed to explain the mechanism of recombination. The first model, minus-strand recombination, proposed that each recombination event generated a recombinant with one template switch. In contrast, the second model, plus-strand recombination, proposed that each recombination event generated a …

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The Investigation Of The Relationship Between Middle School Organizational Health, School Size, And School Achievement In The Areas Of Reading, Mathematics, And Language., Janice Johnston Barth Jan 2001

The Investigation Of The Relationship Between Middle School Organizational Health, School Size, And School Achievement In The Areas Of Reading, Mathematics, And Language., Janice Johnston Barth

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between school organizational health, school size, and school achievement in the areas of reading, mathematics, and language as mediated by socioeconomic status (SES) in West Virginia public middle schools during the school year 1999-2000. The study will use the participating schools' free and reduced lunch rate to determine socioeconomic status. Once determined, socioeconomic status will be assumed as a mediating categorical variable and data analysis will determine its effects. The population for this study were the 99 West Virginia middle schools that were configured by the county boards of education …

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The Institutional Production Of Literary Value: Studies Of African-American Popular Music Lyrics And The Avant-Garde., Carl Silvio Jan 2001

The Institutional Production Of Literary Value: Studies Of African-American Popular Music Lyrics And The Avant-Garde., Carl Silvio

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Recent decades have witnessed series of debates over the nature of the texts studied by literary studies. Some argue that the literary text is first and foremost defined by its aesthetic value, while others claim that the discipline should regard its object as a social document which reveals information about the society that produced it and exerts an ideological effect upon its cultural context. These debates, between what are usually termed “traditional” and “cultural studies” approaches to literature reveal a central contradiction that has divided the discourse of aesthetic value since its formulation in the Eighteenth century. The question of …

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The Quantification Of Oscillatory Force Parameters That Affect Eccentric Contraction-Induced Injury In An In Vivo Rodent., Kenneth Bradley Geronilla Jan 2001

The Quantification Of Oscillatory Force Parameters That Affect Eccentric Contraction-Induced Injury In An In Vivo Rodent., Kenneth Bradley Geronilla

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Skeletal muscle injury is a major concern in areas of occupational health and sports medicine. To date, the mechanisms responsible for muscle injury are not clearly understood. The objective of this research was to quantify the dynamic force parameters resulting from oscillatory contractions (stretch-shortening cycles), which are associated with skeletal muscle injury. An in vivo rodent experimental model was used to study the oscillatory contraction response of the dorsiflexor muscles in male Sprague-Dawley rats. In vivo testing of anesthetized animals was accomplished via a custom designed isokinetic rat dynamometer, which allowed for continuous monitoring of muscle force output. The rats …

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Still Life: A Collection Of Poems., Kelly Anne Moffett Jan 2001

Still Life: A Collection Of Poems., Kelly Anne Moffett

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The poetry manuscript Still Life: A Collection of Poems focuses on issues of domesticity, estrangement, and recognition within an estranged landscape. A critical introduction includes a discussion of the poetics of Elizabeth Bishop and Robert Frost.

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The Ontogeny Of Myogenic Regulatory Factor Expression During Muscle Differentiation In The Biceps Femoris And Pectoralis Major Muscles Of The Chicken., Amy Gayle Sarver Jan 2001

The Ontogeny Of Myogenic Regulatory Factor Expression During Muscle Differentiation In The Biceps Femoris And Pectoralis Major Muscles Of The Chicken., Amy Gayle Sarver

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study was conducted to determine the temporal expression pattern of MRFs in satellite cells derived from the biceps femoris and pectoralis major muscles of the chicken. Clonal satellite cells were isolated, grown, and collected at 0, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 144 hours. mRNA from each timepoint was used in PCR to determine semi-quantitative levels of each MRF. mRNA levels were normalized to - actin and then analyzed by GLM procedure of SAS. MyoD and myf-5 were upregulated during proliferation (48 hours) and fusion (72 hours). Myogenin was upregulated during differentiation (96 and 120 hours). These expression patterns …

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Sulfur Dioxide Removal With Coal Scrubbing., Hari Prashanth Sundaram Jan 2001

Sulfur Dioxide Removal With Coal Scrubbing., Hari Prashanth Sundaram

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This thesis is based on an effective removal of sulfur dioxide from flue gas with coal as the scrubbing medium instead of lime, which is used in the conventional FGD (flue Gas Desulfurization) processes. A laboratory study proves that coal scrubbing is an innovative technology that can be implemented into a commercial process in place of the conventional lime scrubbing flue gas desulfurization process. It was found that SO2 removal was highly temperature sensitive, giving 13.1% recovery at 210 C and 99.2% recovery at 730 C after 4 hours. The removal of SO2 was accomplished by the catalysis of iron …

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A Database For Dismantling Of Obsolete Vessels., Pooja Sibal Jan 2001

A Database For Dismantling Of Obsolete Vessels., Pooja Sibal

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This project developed a software tool and associated databases to show information on ships available for cutting, the ship name, type, year built, UIC number, ship status, light ship displacement, length, beam, changes made, dead weight, number of propellers, propulsion type, dismantling site and vessel site of the ship(s). Information on the previously dismantled vessels is also kept. The Database for Dismantling of Obsolete VEssels (DOVE) also provides total towing cost for a selected ship based on the total tow distance, the light ship displacement of the ship, the unit tow cost/mile-ton and the tow preparation cost. A cutting technology …

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Self -Efficacy And Spirituality In The Recovery Process From Alcohol Dependence: A Paradox., Julie Ann States Jan 2001

Self -Efficacy And Spirituality In The Recovery Process From Alcohol Dependence: A Paradox., Julie Ann States

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Literature in the field of addiction supports the importance of self-efficacy and spirituality in the process of recovery from addictive disorders. However, the research on self-efficacy and spirituality among alcohol dependent individuals has not addressed the specific relationship of these constructs throughout the recovery process. The current study provides an exploration of self-efficacy and spirituality as they relate to the recovery process from alcohol dependence. Data were collected from 81 adult (over age 18) clients who sought treatment at an outpatient drug and alcohol agency. Each client met the criteria for alcohol dependence based on DSM IV criteria, and was …

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Acetaminophen-Induced Proliferation Of Estrogen-Responsive Breast Cancer Cells Is Associated With Increased C-Myc Rna Expression And Nf-Kb Activity., Samantha Lynn Gadd Jan 2001

Acetaminophen-Induced Proliferation Of Estrogen-Responsive Breast Cancer Cells Is Associated With Increased C-Myc Rna Expression And Nf-Kb Activity., Samantha Lynn Gadd

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Previous studies demonstrated that acetaminophen-induced proliferation of estrogen (E2)-responsive breast cancer cells via an estrogen receptor (ER)-dependent pathway (Harnagea-Theophilus et al., 1999). Studies reported here tested the hypothesis that acetaminophen stimulates proliferation of E2-responsive breast cancer cells by activating ER as a transcription factor and inducing expression of E2-regulated genes. ER binding assays demonstrated that acetaminophen does not compete with E2 for ER binding in MCF-7 cells, indicating that acetaminophen does not bind ER in a manner similar to E2. Ribonuclease protection assays compared the effects of acetaminophen and E2 on expression of selected genes (c-myc, c-fos, cyclin D1, bcl-2, …

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Alternative Education In West Virginia: Perceptions Of Programs, Leadership And Success., Tammy Kay Brock-Fowler Jan 2001

Alternative Education In West Virginia: Perceptions Of Programs, Leadership And Success., Tammy Kay Brock-Fowler

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

More and more students are being labeled at-risk in our educational system. These students are often behind academically, have dropped out of school, or have been suspended or expelled from conventional high schools. In West Virginia in 1995, 4,008 students did not complete high school (West Virginia University Survey Research Center, 1977). Alternative schools or programs are a direct result of a need to provide options to students who cannot be accommodated by conventional public schools. Alternative Education Program in West Virginia is defined as an authorized departure from the regular school program designed to provide educational and social development …

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Functional Behavior Assessment: Knowledge And Skills Of E/Bd Teachers In West Virginia., Melisa A. Reed Jan 2001

Functional Behavior Assessment: Knowledge And Skills Of E/Bd Teachers In West Virginia., Melisa A. Reed

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study investigated functional behavior assessment and teachers in southern West Virginia. Participants were persons taking a course which would prepare them to work with students who have emotional and behavioral disorders. Knowledge of functional behavior assessment and related strategies was measured through a test that was administered both at the beginning of the course and at course completion. Use of strategies was measured by directly observing several teachers in their classrooms. The ability to use functional behavior assessment and to develop appropriate behavior intervention plans based on assessment data was also analyzed. The results indicated that although teachers did …

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Portraits Of The Songwriting Process In Elementary Classrooms, Sally Dhruva Stephenson Jan 2001

Portraits Of The Songwriting Process In Elementary Classrooms, Sally Dhruva Stephenson

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study uses the qualitative research technique of portraiture to study the songwriting process in elementary classrooms. In chapter one, the author provides a theoretical framework for incorporating the arts and music in general education, and proposes to provide support for incorporating the creative process of songwriting into the elementary curriculum. Chapter two reviews the research literature on the educational and therapeutic uses of songwriting, and published examples of educational applications of songwriting. In chapter three, the methodology of portraiture is explained and four research settings are described, one each in Virginia, West Virginia, Tennessee, and Maryland. Two of the …

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Controllability And Anxious Responding: Experimental Evaluation Using 20% Carbon Dioxide-Enriched Air., Michael J. Zvolensky Jan 2001

Controllability And Anxious Responding: Experimental Evaluation Using 20% Carbon Dioxide-Enriched Air., Michael J. Zvolensky

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Although emotional control maintains a central role in contemporary models of anxiety pathology, particularly panic disorder, there is little understanding about the ways in which specific control processes alter anxiety-related responding. In the present study, offset control over eight 20% carbon dioxide-enriched air administrations was experimentally manipulated in a large nonclinical population (n = 96) varying in anxiety sensitivity (high or low) and gender. Dependent measures included self-reported anxiety, affective reports of valence, arousal, emotional control, and physiological indices of heart rate and skin conductance. High anxiety sensitive participants who lacked offset control reported significantly greater elevations in self-reported anxiety, …

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The Relationship Of Motivation And Psychological Skills Of Senior Game Participants To Performance., Keiba Lynn Shaw Jan 2001

The Relationship Of Motivation And Psychological Skills Of Senior Game Participants To Performance., Keiba Lynn Shaw

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Involvement in physical activity and sports in the senior population has been shown within the literature to provide these athletes with improved health status and psychological benefits (McPherson, 1984). To date, few studies have examined psychological factors, such as motivation and psychological skills, in relation to senior athletes' participation in competitive sports. The sport psychology literature does include the measurement of the constructs of motivation and psychological skills via the use of the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory - 28 (ACSI-28) (Smith, Schultz, Smoll, & Ptacek, 1995) and the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS) (Pelletier, Fortier, Vallerand, Tuson, Briere, & Blais, 1995) …

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An Assessment Of Assertion Skills Among Adults With Mild Mental Retardation., Vicki Ann Lumley Jan 2001

An Assessment Of Assertion Skills Among Adults With Mild Mental Retardation., Vicki Ann Lumley

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Although assertion is a topic that has been the focus of a great deal of research, little attention has been paid to assertive behavior and individuals with mental retardation. The purpose of the current study was to assess the assertion skills of adults with mild mental retardation using comparison samples of high assertive and low assertive college students. Indirect assessment measures (i.e., self-report), direct behavioral measures (i.e., role-play assessment), and social validity ratings (i.e., ratings of interpersonal attractiveness provided by blind raters) were used, and the results compared. Self-report assessment was found to be an acceptable method of evaluating assertion …

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Effects Of Nickel-Aluminum-Beta Precipitates On Crack Growth Behavior In Inconel Alloy 783., Longzhou Ma Jan 2001

Effects Of Nickel-Aluminum-Beta Precipitates On Crack Growth Behavior In Inconel Alloy 783., Longzhou Ma

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Recently developed γ-γ′-β three phases governing INCONEL* alloy 783 is the result of an extensive superalloy development program aimed at improving environmental-induced intergranular cracking resistance. Formation of intermetallic nickel aluminide β phase in alloy 783 is essentially resistant for the general oxidation. In this study, commercial alloy 783 was subjected to various metallurgical processing including heat treatments with β aging/without β aging, addition of 3% Cr into alloy, and thermo-mechanical processing (TMP). The corresponding microstructures were evaluated by means of the optical microcopy, SEM and TEM. These processed materials were subjected to the fatigue crack growth and sustained loading crack …

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The Job Satisfaction Level Of Chinese And Indian-Born Engineering Faculty At A Research I University., Susan Mary Madhavan Jan 2001

The Job Satisfaction Level Of Chinese And Indian-Born Engineering Faculty At A Research I University., Susan Mary Madhavan

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to assess the job satisfaction level of Engineering faculty from India, Taiwan, and the People's Republic of China at a Research I University. Analysis was based on how academic rank, country of origin, or gender affected their level of job satisfaction and their degree of adjustment to the department, the college or the university as a whole. The following factors were assessed: teaching, research, recognition, workload, physical surroundings, reward systems, administration, collegiality and service. Structured interviews were conducted and taped of twenty faculty members at the study institution, detailing the above factors. An overall …

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The Effects Of Framing On Older And Younger Adults' Medical Decision-Making., Deborah Rettig Mckee Jan 2001

The Effects Of Framing On Older And Younger Adults' Medical Decision-Making., Deborah Rettig Mckee

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This 2 phase study was designed to explore age-related differences in medical treatment choices due to a framing effect (survival and mortality wording affecting the choice made) and due to the influence of physician recommendations. One hundred and thirty-seven older adults and 166 younger adults completed two medical treatment questionnaires, a demographic questionnaire, and a brief math quiz. In phase 1, the medical treatment questionnaire presented options for treatment of cancer (surgery and radiation) in mortality and survival wording. In phase 2, the treatment options were presented with and without a physician recommendation. Both older and younger adults made different …

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Food Security And Coping Mechanisms In Kenya's Marginal Areas: The Case Of West Pokot., Anne Kisaka Nangulu Jan 2001

Food Security And Coping Mechanisms In Kenya's Marginal Areas: The Case Of West Pokot., Anne Kisaka Nangulu

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study analyzes food security and coping mechanisms in semi-arid West Pokot between 1920–1995. Based on a wide array of primary and secondary sources, the study analyzes the historical role of indigenous irrigation, specifically furrow irrigation, rain-fed farming and livestock keeping, in food production and food security among the Pokot of northwest Kenya. Besides farming and herding, the study also analyzes trade, hunting and gathering, as well as lending and borrowing (for example of food) based on reciprocity, and their contribution to food security in the area. In the colonial and post-colonial West Pokot, income from wage labor and mining …

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Flow In Golf: Motivation, Goal Orientation, And Challenge Determinant., Sei-Yi Oh Jan 2001

Flow In Golf: Motivation, Goal Orientation, And Challenge Determinant., Sei-Yi Oh

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The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between variables which were intrinsic motivation; goal orientation; skill level; challenge level; side-bets and flow experiences. The data were collected from golfers playing three different golf courses who volunteered to participate in this study. Ninety-one out of 117 participants answered all seven parts of questionnaires. The results of the multiple regression analysis were based on the ninety-one participants' questionnaires. Five hypotheses were addressed. The first hypothesis was that golfers who are more intrinsically motivated will experience higher levels of flow. The result of multiple regression analysis support hypothesis 1. The …

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The Perceptions Of Traditional And Nontraditional Students Toward The Level I Spanish Textbook., Tyrone Frederick Parker Jan 2001

The Perceptions Of Traditional And Nontraditional Students Toward The Level I Spanish Textbook., Tyrone Frederick Parker

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This study posed ten hypotheses based on 13 pedagogical elements contained in the literature concerning the unique needs of nontraditional students. The study tested the hypotheses that traditional and nontraditional students' evaluation of the foreign language textbook would not differ based on gender, full-time or part-time status, age, having a high school diploma or a general equivalency diploma (GED), and grade point average. The textbook evaluation instrument chosen for this study was the Proficiency-Oriented Textbook Evaluation Form. It was chosen for this research study because of its proven usefulness in evaluating the value of foreign language textbooks and because all …

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Lifestyle Management: The Effects Of An Intensive Lifestyle Management Course On Behavioral, Psychological, Physiological, And Psycho-Behavioral Factors., Jeffrey Scott Pauline Jan 2001

Lifestyle Management: The Effects Of An Intensive Lifestyle Management Course On Behavioral, Psychological, Physiological, And Psycho-Behavioral Factors., Jeffrey Scott Pauline

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of an intensive one-week Lifestyle Management course on behavioral, psychological, physiological, and psycho-behavioral factors. The current study contained forty-five participants (N = 45) which included twenty-four individuals enrolled in the Lifestyle Management course (experimental group) and twenty-one matched individuals (control group). The experimental group experienced high-level wellness in the intensive one-week course of Lifestyle Management. The control group did not participate in the Lifestyle Management course or any other wellness course prior to the study. The experimental and control groups were evaluated at three time points: prior to entering the …

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The Impacts Of Technology On Interactivity In A Distance Learning Course., Christine Ann Peterson Jan 2001

The Impacts Of Technology On Interactivity In A Distance Learning Course., Christine Ann Peterson

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This study examined the impacts of technology on interactions in a distance learning course. This study was directed by three categories of research questions: (1) How does technology impact interactions overtime? (2) How does technology impact interactions at host versus remote sites? (3) How does technology impact interactions according to students' perceptions? The population consisted of 14 master's level students in a distance learning course delivered via video conferencing technology (two-way audio and video) at West Virginia University. The students were registered in a Family/Community/Rural Health Systems nursing course conducted during the summer, 2001. The course was delivered to two …

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A Study Of The Relationship Between Participating In School -To -Work Activities And School Outcomes., Jill Layne Hopkins Jan 2001

A Study Of The Relationship Between Participating In School -To -Work Activities And School Outcomes., Jill Layne Hopkins

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between secondary schools' participation in school-to-work activities and a given school's attendance rate, dropout rate, graduation rate, college going rate, and achievement test results as perceived by the school principal and measured by the School-to-Work Perceptual Inventory. The population of the study consisted of principals of schools in the United States with a grade configuration of 9–12 (N = 11,529) (Market Data Retrieval, personal communication, April 3, 2001). The sample consisted of 400 principals selected at random by Market Data Retrieval (n = 400). Overall, 214 (53.5%) surveys were returned. …

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An Application Of Complexity Theory To The Development Of Web-Based Education At A University In The United States., Daniel Nickles Huck Jan 2001

An Application Of Complexity Theory To The Development Of Web-Based Education At A University In The United States., Daniel Nickles Huck

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This study examines the perceptions of higher education administrators concerning the activities related to the implementation of web-based education at a university in the United States during the 1990's. In pursuing an Orientational Qualitative Inquiry, I conducted ethnographic interviews during calendar year 2000 of academic affairs and information technology professionals, and I reviewed relevant documentation related to the university's web-based education efforts. I initially employed an a priori theoretical framework based on Loosely Coupled Systems Theory to guide my data collection, but my analysis of data led me to adopt Complexity Theory to adequately explain my findings. More specifically, I …

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Putting West Virginia Middle Schools To The Test: Implementation Of Key Practices As A Predictor Of School Achievement., Thelma Mae Isaacs Jan 2001

Putting West Virginia Middle Schools To The Test: Implementation Of Key Practices As A Predictor Of School Achievement., Thelma Mae Isaacs

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The purpose of this study was to provide an accurate description of the status of middle schools in the state of West Virginia and to determine the relationship that exists between the degree of implementation of key middle level practices and school achievement level when controlling for school location, school size, student body socioeconomic status, and student body race/ethnicity. Seventy-eight West Virginia middle schools contributed data for the study. Each school principal completed the Survey of Middle School Implementation Levels, which was used to measure the degree of implementation of key middle level practices. School achievement data, aggregated to the …

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Research Article Introductions In Thai: Genre Analysis Of Academic Writing., Chalermsri Jogthong Jan 2001

Research Article Introductions In Thai: Genre Analysis Of Academic Writing., Chalermsri Jogthong

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This study presents an analysis of research article introductions (RAIs) written in Thai by Thai academic writers. The analysis is based on 40 Thai RAIs taken from Thai journals in educational and medical fields. The rhetorical characteristics and linguistic features of the RAIs are examined using the CARS model proposed by Swales (1990). The results show that the pattern of studied RAIs supports the general framework presented by Swales but the specific steps in the introductions are less consistent with the model. The Thai writers avoided criticizing and evaluating the works of others. They adopted different strategies in establishing a …

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The Effect Of Role, Age, Gender, And Years Of Experience Upon The Perceived Importance Of Clinical Teacher Behavior Categories In Athletic Training Education., Christine A. Lauber Jan 2001

The Effect Of Role, Age, Gender, And Years Of Experience Upon The Perceived Importance Of Clinical Teacher Behavior Categories In Athletic Training Education., Christine A. Lauber

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This study investigated the effect of athletic training education program role (program director or clinical instructor), age, gender, and years of experience upon the perceived importance of instructional, interpersonal, evaluative, professional, and personal categories of clinical teacher behaviors and characteristics. The population of the study consisted of Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP) accredited entry-level undergraduate athletic training education programs. All CAAHEP accredited entry-level undergraduate athletic training education programs were surveyed. Respondents to the survey were program directors and full-time on campus clinical instructors serving in these programs. The Clinical Instructor Behavior Instrument, developed by the researcher, …

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Families Choosing Alternate Management Approaches., Christina Mary Lavorata Jan 2001

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Families Choosing Alternate Management Approaches., Christina Mary Lavorata

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder affects approximately two million American school children by making them distractible and impulsive, and by causing them to have a short attention span in both scholastic and social situations. These characteristics generally result in the students receiving poor marks in academic subjects, being reprimanded frequently, and being labeled as disruptive and difficult to control by both their parents and teachers. Pediatricians and psychiatrists most often prescribe psychostimulant medications to control the syndrome, and this is an effective treatment in sixty to seventy percent of cases. There are questions about the safety of long-term use of medication, …

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