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Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

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Identity Management And Decision-Making Strategies Of Lesbian Women At Various Stages Of Identity Development: An Ethnographic Study., Joy Sharon Whitman Jan 1997

Identity Management And Decision-Making Strategies Of Lesbian Women At Various Stages Of Identity Development: An Ethnographic Study., Joy Sharon Whitman

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This was a qualitative study designed to explore how women at various stages of lesbian identity development manage and make decisions about managing their identities. Management of identity was explored in terms of how women came out or stayed hidden and how they made decisions to both disclose and conceal. It used Cass' (1979) Stage Allocation Measure, based on her model of homosexual identity development, as a means to categorize women at various stages of lesbian identity development. Twenty-five adult women were individually interviewed, using a semi-structured interview schedule. In addition, participants agreed to maintain a journal for one month …

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Oligopsony Elements In The Recycled Wastepaper Market: Existence And Implications., Aref Aghaei-Hervani Jan 1997

Oligopsony Elements In The Recycled Wastepaper Market: Existence And Implications., Aref Aghaei-Hervani

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Old newspaper (ONP) is the largest single component (14%) of total U.S. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). The rising problems associated with disposal of MSW in landfills can be dealt with if the volume of the waste stream is reduced by recycling. The wastepaper recycling market, in particular ONP, has not been successful in utilizing the ONP generated. The existence of high sunk costs for entry into deinking market, along with the small numbers of buyers in the ONP market were identified as reasons that the ONP market had oligopsony elements. This research examined oligopsony in the ONP market and its …

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Matching Appalachians' Preventive Services' Utilization And Managed Care Strategies For Preventive Care., Mayur Mohan Amonkar Jan 1997

Matching Appalachians' Preventive Services' Utilization And Managed Care Strategies For Preventive Care., Mayur Mohan Amonkar

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Despite increasing emphasis on disease prevention and health promotion and evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of such services, high morbidity and mortality rates in Appalachia suggest a problem with appropriate utilization of preventive services in this region. Also, growth in managed care programs signify a greater role for managed care organizations (MCOs) in preventive care. The overall goal of this study was to assess the preventive care behavior of Appalachians, evaluate strategies used by MCOs to ensure appropriate utilization of preventive services, and identify barriers/facilitators to the provision/utilization of such services. In phase I of this study, secondary data analysis of …

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Decentralized Estimation For Large Scale Interconnected Systems., Noureddine Bekhouche Jan 1997

Decentralized Estimation For Large Scale Interconnected Systems., Noureddine Bekhouche

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This dissertation deals with the design of decentralized estimators for large scale interconnected systems. The systems are composed of several subsystems interconnected together. At each subsystem level a filter is designed to estimate local and/or interface variables. Kalman filtering and H{dollar}\\infty{dollar} filtering tools are used to derive decentralized estimators based on two different approaches namely, direct and indirect methods. A power system application is used to illustrate the proposed algorithms. In each method the decentralized filter design requires a subsystem model (local model) and a set of measurements. In the direct method additional measurements are needed for decentralization. In the …

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Cyclic Lithofacies, Sequence Stratigraphy, And Depositional Basin Evolution Of The Tonoloway Limestone., Stephen Craig Bell Jan 1997

Cyclic Lithofacies, Sequence Stratigraphy, And Depositional Basin Evolution Of The Tonoloway Limestone., Stephen Craig Bell

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The Tonoloway Limestone (Pridolian) represents a large part of the Siluro-Devonian carbonate interval present throughout most of the central Appalachian Basin. The depositional evolution of this unit is documented in detail on a regional scale using a basin analysis approach which combines facies analysis with applied sequence stratigraphy. Overall results show that deposition occurred over 1-3Ma in an epeiric seaway which changed briefly into a ramp-open shelf-lagoon transition. Results of sequence stratigraphic analysis show that the upper two-thirds to three-fourths of the Tonoloway records one complete Type I depositional sequence (S1), which contains a Lowstand Systems Tract followed upward by …

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Experimental And Numerical Aerodynamic Characterization Of A Two-Dimensional Nasp Model In Ground Effect With Thrust Simulation., Robert E. Bond Jan 1997

Experimental And Numerical Aerodynamic Characterization Of A Two-Dimensional Nasp Model In Ground Effect With Thrust Simulation., Robert E. Bond

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The National Aero-Space Plane (NASP) was conceptually designed for flight at hypersonic speeds. Because its airframe configuration was determined by the need for good high-speed flight performance, its low-speed and ground effect characteristics were poor. The purpose of this investigation was to characterize the ground effect aerodynamic performance of a two-dimensional model of the NASP with thrust simulation. This study included a comparison between experimental and numerical results. The experiments were conducted in the WVU subsonic wind tunnel, while numerical results were obtained using FLUENT, a commercial finite volume CFD code. The aerodynamic characteristics of the two-dimensional NASP model were …

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Nationbuilding And The Military: The Life And Career Of Secretary Of War Henry Knox, 1750-1806., Michael Darryl Carter Jan 1997

Nationbuilding And The Military: The Life And Career Of Secretary Of War Henry Knox, 1750-1806., Michael Darryl Carter

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The following dissertation is an examination of the life of Henry Knox and his rise from a small bookstore owner in colonial Boston to a major general commanding the entire Continental artillery in the Revolutionary War through his tenure as Secretary of War in President George Washington's cabinet. A symbol of the vast majority of common men throughout America, Knox sought opportunity during the Revolution to rise above his position, fought with stubborn determination to win American independence, and struggled to bring his visions for the new nation and its military into being. He forged bonds of loyalty with George …

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A Comparative Study Of The Development Of Educational Psychology In China And America., Huiping Liu Cervenka Jan 1997

A Comparative Study Of The Development Of Educational Psychology In China And America., Huiping Liu Cervenka

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Some people argue that Western psychology and Asian psychology are fundamentally different and irreconcilable. Western psychology is scientific and analytic-reductionistic, while Asian psychology is concerned with man's harmony{dollar}\\...{dollar} (in Paranjpe et al, 1988, p18). This study examines and compares the scientific roots of Western psychology and the humanistic roots of Asian psychology in an attempt to determine commonality between Chinese and American educational psychology. A historical comparative method is used in this study. Two approaches, the personalistic and the naturalistic are employed to examine the development of educational psychology in China and America. Results show that Western psychology has been …

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Current College And University Serious Student Problems: A Study Of Attitudes And Perceptions Of Chief Student Affairs Officers And Student Leaders At Research I Universities., Melanie Jeanne Cook Jan 1997

Current College And University Serious Student Problems: A Study Of Attitudes And Perceptions Of Chief Student Affairs Officers And Student Leaders At Research I Universities., Melanie Jeanne Cook

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to analyze the attitudes and perceptions of chief student affairs officers and student leaders at Research I universities of serious student problems and the impact on the design and implementation of student services programs, policies, and procedures. Separate questionnaires were sent to chief student affairs officers and elected student leaders at Research I universities. These questionnaires asked the respective groups to identify current serious student problems on their campus. For comparative purposes, chief student affairs officers were also asked to identify serious student problems in the past and next five years. In addition, they …

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Identifying Barriers To Computer-Supported Instruction., Ragina Melton Copeland Jan 1997

Identifying Barriers To Computer-Supported Instruction., Ragina Melton Copeland

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study was designed to determine if 1996 high school seniors who enrolled at West Virginia University at Parkersburg in the fall of 1996 were receiving equal educational opportunity with a focus on computer access and usage. The data collection consisted of two major parts: surveying the students in the 7-county service area of WVUP and interviewing at least 5 teachers or other professional staff from among each of the 11 schools located in 7 different counties. The findings of the study showed that students did not enjoy equal access to computers and computer instruction and that a combination of …

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Thermodynamic Model Of A Three-Chamber Engine., Kristine Kincaid Craven Jan 1997

Thermodynamic Model Of A Three-Chamber Engine., Kristine Kincaid Craven

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The three chamber (3C) engine concept was evaluated using computer programs with thermodynamic emphasis. This 3C engine utilizes pistons to perform compression and expansion of the working gas. These cylinders are connected by a combustion chamber. By separating the compression and expansion processes, it is possible to have a larger expansion displacement thus introducing the displacement ratio which is the quotient of expansion to compression displacement. Initially an algebraic analysis of the air-standard cycle was completed. Following this an ideal computer model was developed and used to verify that the 3C engine deviated from the Diesel cycle and approached that …

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Aclassical Features Of Propranolol Pharmacokinetics., Carol Lynn Cronenberger Jan 1997

Aclassical Features Of Propranolol Pharmacokinetics., Carol Lynn Cronenberger

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Propranolol is a {dollar}\\beta{dollar}-adrenergic receptor blocking agent that has traditionally been administered for a number of clinical conditions. Although not as commonplace today, it still has significant clinical relevance. More importantly, however, is the large body of knowledge that has been generated which addresses the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of this {dollar}\\beta{dollar}-blocker. Indeed, propranolol has often been considered a model compound representative of other basic, lipophilic drugs which include narcotic analgesics, calcium-channel blockers, phenothiazines, and tricyclic antidepressants. For these reasons, we used propranolol in the studies reported in this disseration. One of our goals was to examine the capacity of …

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A Modified Research Approach Teaching Style In A High School Chemistry Classroom., Krystal D. Curtis Jan 1997

A Modified Research Approach Teaching Style In A High School Chemistry Classroom., Krystal D. Curtis

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to develop a teaching style that used a modified research approach in a high school chemistry classroom. This modified research approach involved constructivist teaching practices, particularly the learning cycle. It emphasized the development of student science process skills, the mastery of science content, and a better understanding of attitudes about science in the classroom. It also promotes active learning in the classroom. The study also looks at the effectiveness of implementation of this teaching style. The methodology of the study involved designing modules which centered around nine basic chemistry concepts. These modules were guided …

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Defining Developmentally Appropriate Practice In Physical Education., Nigel Davies Jan 1997

Defining Developmentally Appropriate Practice In Physical Education., Nigel Davies

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purposes of this study were to: (1) define developmentally appropriate practice and identify practices within planning, instruction, content, evaluation and management which will enhance the facilitation of developmentally appropriate practice; and (2) compare and analyze the five participant sub-groups, to identify similarities and differences among these groups. The sample was randomly determined from the current AAHPERD membership list, categorized, via self-designation, into teacher educators, motor developmentalists, physical education teachers, graduate students, undergraduate students. One hundred and eleven participants (n = 111) completed and returned the Developmentally Appropriate Practice Inventory (DAPI). In phase one, each statement was analyzed utilizing the …

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Inter-Rater Reliability, Sensitivity To Student Growth, And Concurrent Validity Of The Competent Learner Repertoire Assessment Level Two., Joseph Wesley Deem Jan 1997

Inter-Rater Reliability, Sensitivity To Student Growth, And Concurrent Validity Of The Competent Learner Repertoire Assessment Level Two., Joseph Wesley Deem

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study is to determine if two independent raters can reliably score the Competent Learner Repertoire Assessment Level 2 (CLRA), if the CLRA is sensitive to student growth over time, and to analyze if the CLRA concurs with another adaptive behavior assessment. To answer these questions the behavior of approximately 159 preschool students in a large Southern California school district will be assessed with the CLRA. The researcher proposes to evaluate inter-observer reliability by comparing scores on each CLRA item. The scores will be recorded by each of four teacher, associate teacher (paraprofessional aides) pairs across a …

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Comparison Of Male And Female Osteopathic Student Perceptions Of The Status Of Women In The Osteopathic Medical Education Environment., Carolyn Bailey Thompson Jan 1997

Comparison Of Male And Female Osteopathic Student Perceptions Of The Status Of Women In The Osteopathic Medical Education Environment., Carolyn Bailey Thompson

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to compare the perceptions held by female and male osteopathic students in regard to the status of women in the osteopathic medical education environment. Three general categories were examined: family/career conflict, professional representation, and gender discrimination. A sample of 576 students finishing their second year of education at five osteopathic medical schools in the United States was surveyed with a final return rate of 69.44%. Schools were selected by purposive sampling and data were analyzed using general linear models. The focus of the analysis was to compare the perceptions females and males reported regarding …

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Role Expectations And Predictions Of Trends For Human Resource Development At Small, Private Colleges And Universities Within The Southern Regional Education Board Area., Beth Ann Triplett Jan 1997

Role Expectations And Predictions Of Trends For Human Resource Development At Small, Private Colleges And Universities Within The Southern Regional Education Board Area., Beth Ann Triplett

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study was designed to identify the role expectations, reporting hierarchy, years in role and trends in human resource development (HRD) as reported by the person responsible for HRD in small, private colleges and universities within the Southern Regional Education Board (SREB) geographic area. The population for this study was all the four-year, small, private schools in Southern Regional Education Board (SREB) states (N = 200). Each institution in the sample was mailed a copy of the HRD Roles Survey, an instrument developed for the purpose of this research. The survey was based on data from the American Society for …

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Effects Of Membrane Rotation And Transmembrane Pressure On The High-Shear Rotary Ultrafiltration Of An Oily Wastewater., Roger C. Viadero Jan 1997

Effects Of Membrane Rotation And Transmembrane Pressure On The High-Shear Rotary Ultrafiltration Of An Oily Wastewater., Roger C. Viadero

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Large volumes of spent oil-in-water emulsions are produced in the metal-working industry. The treatment of oily wastewaters with conventional membrane separation technologies is limited by the low permeate flux observed at high oil concentrations due to difficulty pumping concentrated solutions at high recirculation velocities. In the high-shear rotary ultrafiltration (UF) unit, disk membranes are rotated at speeds up to 1,750 rpm to generate hydraulic turbulence which scours the membrane surface. Thus, the pump is required only to provide transmembrane pressure and a small amount of recirculation. The objective of this research was to perform a parametric waste-specific study on the …

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Burnout And Depression Among Roman Catholic Secular, Religious, And Monastic Clergy., Stephen Gerard Virginia Jan 1997

Burnout And Depression Among Roman Catholic Secular, Religious, And Monastic Clergy., Stephen Gerard Virginia

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Burnout and depression among Roman Catholic secular, religious order, and monastic (Cistercian) priests was investigated using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale. Additionally, a Self-Report-Inventory was included (SRI) requesting information on demographics as well as four categories of predictor variables (vocational satisfaction, social support, spiritual activities, and physical environment) associated with burnout and depression. All participants were randomly selected from the National Catholic Director. The survey yielded a return rate of 90.67% with 63.11% completing the survey. Secular clergy reported significantly greater emotional exhaustion than did monastic clergy. Secular priests also had significantly …

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The Relationships Of School Organizational Health And Teacher Commitment To Student Achievement In Selected West Virginia Elementary Schools., Louis Kent Watts Jan 1997

The Relationships Of School Organizational Health And Teacher Commitment To Student Achievement In Selected West Virginia Elementary Schools., Louis Kent Watts

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study was designed to assess the relationships between school organizational health, teacher commitment, and student achievement as measured by third and sixth grade CTBS test scores. The purposes of the study were to determine whether relationships existed between school health and achievement, teacher commitment and achievement, and the combined variables of school health and teacher commitment and student achievement. A sample of 504 teachers in 29 identified schools in four counties of southwestern West Virginia was chosen. Each participant was provided a packet which contained a cover letter, a sheet with five demographic questions, the Organizational Health Inventory for …

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There Was Something In The Water: Parallels In Paradigms In English And Physics, 1880 To 1940., Tracy Joan Demars Jan 1997

There Was Something In The Water: Parallels In Paradigms In English And Physics, 1880 To 1940., Tracy Joan Demars

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study posits that a paradigm is a shared vision of reality that governs how practitioners define and relate to the many and varied components that make up that reality. Using this definition, the author presents a visual model using concentric spheres of increasing abstraction that rearrange T. S. Kuhn's four components of a disciplinary matrix that he articulated in the 1969 Postscript to The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Based on this model and D'Amico's criteria for a coherent narrative, the study assesses the two primary paradigms, labeled the Object-Oriented paradigm and the Subject-Oriented paradigm, that existed in the fields …

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Effect Of Hydrous Oxide Coatings On Adsorption Of Oxyanions By Clay Minerals., Swarn S. Dhaliwal Jan 1997

Effect Of Hydrous Oxide Coatings On Adsorption Of Oxyanions By Clay Minerals., Swarn S. Dhaliwal

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Five clay minerals (Well Crystallized Kaolinite (KWC), Poorly Crystallized Kaolinite (KPC), Illite, Attapulgite, and Montmorillonite) with a range of surface characteristics were selected to investigate the adsorption of three oxyanions (molybdate, selenite, and selenate). The minerals were coated with five different levels of each of Fe and Al hydrous oxides. The charge characteristics were determined using potentiometric titration. Adsorption was studied by batch experiment at 11 different concentrations of each of the oxyanions at three different pH levels. Coating with both Fe as well as Al hydrous oxide coatings raised the pH{dollar}\\sb{lcub}\\rm o{rcub}{dollar} (condition where mineral surface is electrically neutral) …

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The Impact Of Good Father-Son Relationships On The Son's Development From Adolescent To Middle Age: A Qualitative Study., Wayne Francis Coombs Jan 1997

The Impact Of Good Father-Son Relationships On The Son's Development From Adolescent To Middle Age: A Qualitative Study., Wayne Francis Coombs

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This is a qualitative study regarding the impact of good father-son relationships on the son's development between adolescence to middle age with a homogeneous group of middle-aged men. Literature regarding the study of father-son relationships is reviewed along with historical and current theoretical perspectives. The literature contains a great deal of information pertaining to poor father-son relationships and essentially no information regarding good relationships. The major focus of this study was then to identify the components of a good father-son relationship and describe the impact of these on the son's life. It was found that a "good enough" father-son relationship …

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Computer Programming: Science, Art, Or Both?, Sandra Trent Gum Jan 1997

Computer Programming: Science, Art, Or Both?, Sandra Trent Gum

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to determine if spatial intelligence contributes to a student's success in a computer science major or if mathematical-logical intelligence is sufficient data on which to base a prediction of success. The study was performed at a small university. The sample consisted of 15 computer science (CS) majors, enrolled in a computer science class, and 15 non-CS-majors, enrolled in a statistics class. Seven of the CS-majors were considered advanced and seven were considered less advanced. The independent measures were: the mathematics and the English scores from the ACT/SAT (CS-majors); a questionnaire to obtain personal information; …

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The Relationship Between Public Sector Higher Education Level-Four Grievant Variables And Third-Party Discipline And Discharge Arbitration Case Determinations At The West Virginia Education And State Employees Grievance Board, Years 1985-1995., Ellen Jane Barnes Jan 1997

The Relationship Between Public Sector Higher Education Level-Four Grievant Variables And Third-Party Discipline And Discharge Arbitration Case Determinations At The West Virginia Education And State Employees Grievance Board, Years 1985-1995., Ellen Jane Barnes

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study examined the relationship between grievant variables (case description, case issue, gender, seriousness of the case) and case determination (denied/granted). A disk copy of QA4 database years 1985 to 1995 was provided by the West Virginia Education and State Employees Grievance Board. The approximate 222 higher education synopses reports were read to locate the population. Fifty-five higher education discipline and discharge synopsis reports were isolated. Key words used by the Board assisted in isolating the population. The 55 higher education synopsis reports were printed out to compare to information on case decisions housed in the West Virginia Secretary of …

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Involvement And Persistence: Nontraditional Student Perceptions Of The Student-College Relationship., James Leonard Butcher Jan 1997

Involvement And Persistence: Nontraditional Student Perceptions Of The Student-College Relationship., James Leonard Butcher

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study was based upon the premise that college students who perceive themselves to matter to their institutions will be more involved and inclined to persist in their educational experiences than those who perceive themselves to be marginalized. The study pursued the question of possible relationships among student perceptions of mattering, involvement and persistence with emphasis on nontraditional student issues. A questionnaire, The Mattering Scales for Adult Students in Postsecondary Education, with additional sections to measure perceptions of involvement and persistence, was administered to a sample of nontraditional and traditional students at a commuter oriented co-educational institution of 6,500 students …

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Parent Perceptions Of Accreditation Standards In Early Childhood Education., Lori Elizabeth Casto Jan 1997

Parent Perceptions Of Accreditation Standards In Early Childhood Education., Lori Elizabeth Casto

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

A major problem in the development of a profession in early childhood education is the lack of recognized research data relevant to practice. Parents supply an ongoing demand for the education of their children, and researchers need to determine what dimensions of quality parents find most important. The present research investigated parents' perceptions of the National Association for the Education of Young Children's (NAEYC) Accreditation Standards. Seventy-six licensed preschools and daycare centers were randomly drawn and stratified by type and size of center (NAEYC Accredited, Head Start, Large, and Small). Surveys were sent to the director of each center for …

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Prediction Of Premature Termination From Residential Substance Abuse Rehabilitation., Frank Robert Hershberger Jan 1997

Prediction Of Premature Termination From Residential Substance Abuse Rehabilitation., Frank Robert Hershberger

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

A significant proportion of clients utilizing substance abuse programs fail to successfully complete a course of treatment. High attrition rates represent a large number of clients who do not receive the full benefit of treatment. Both clients and treatment programs are adversely affected by premature termination. The present research focused on prediction of discharge status from residential substance abuse rehabilitation. A discriminant function analysis resulted in a prediction equation which incorporated nine sociodemographic variables. This equation correctly classified the discharge status of 67% of the prediction sample of 252 subjects. The equation was cross validated in a stratified random sample …

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Examination Of A Cumulative Strategies Model For Drug Abuse Prevention: Risk Factor Reduction In High-Risk Children., Kimberly Ann Horn Jan 1997

Examination Of A Cumulative Strategies Model For Drug Abuse Prevention: Risk Factor Reduction In High-Risk Children., Kimberly Ann Horn

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

A Cumulative Strategies Model for drug abuse prevention employs a process by which two or more drug abuse prevention strategies are used conjointly, such that each strategy targets two or more factors that place children at high risk for drug abuse. This model was examined using an innovative multiple component program called CHOICES. CHOICES emphasizes the reduction of risk factors that are characteristic of a high risk population of children of alcoholics and predictive of drug abuse. Using a repeated measures multiple baseline design, the results of this study revealed that the Cumulative Strategies Model inherent to the CHOICES program …

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Family Experiences And Early Social Cognition: Links To Social Behavior., Charisse L. Nixon Jan 1997

Family Experiences And Early Social Cognition: Links To Social Behavior., Charisse L. Nixon

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study examined individual differences in young children's social-cognition and potential correlates in the domains of family experiences and social skills. Three measures of family characteristics were collected (Self-Expressiveness in the Family Questionnaire; Conflict Tactics Scale, & the Marital Adjustment Test), along with three measures reflecting children's social-cognitive development and understanding of emotions (false belief understanding, empathy, and ability to label others' emotions). Teacher ratings of children's peer interactions and coping skills were also collected. Results revealed individual differences in children's emotional and social-cognitive understanding and suggested that these individual differences are related to specific dimensions of family experiences. Results …

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