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Effects Of Diameter-Limit And Two-Age Timber Harvesting On Songbird Populations On An Industrial Forest In Central West Virginia, Cathy Ann Weakland
Effects Of Diameter-Limit And Two-Age Timber Harvesting On Songbird Populations On An Industrial Forest In Central West Virginia, Cathy Ann Weakland
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Many studies examining forest fragmentation effects on songbirds have been conducted in landscapes significantly altered by urbanization or agriculturalization rather than forested landscapes. There is some evidence that forest fragmentation due to timber harvesting has different effects on bird abundance than fragmentation from other land uses. It is unknown how songbirds respond to different forms of timber harvesting as fragmentation events. Also, it is unclear if microhabitat-level or landscape-level characteristics are more important predictors of breeding bird occurrence in the central Appalachians. The objectives of my study were to determine the short-term effects of diameter-limit and two-age timber harvesting on …
The Effects On Student's Personality Preferences From Participation In Odyssey Of The Mind., Scott A. Warner
The Effects On Student's Personality Preferences From Participation In Odyssey Of The Mind., Scott A. Warner
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The problem for the research was to determine what effects participation in the OM program had on the development of personality preferences in elementary school children. The purposes of the research were to: (1) provide research data to teachers that justifies the use of teaching strategies to meet the needs of students toward the development of their personality preferences, and (2) provide research data toward further investigation of inventive personality characteristics and the programs that encourage their growth and development. The subjects for the study were selected from students in grades 3 to 5 at two elementary schools within the …
Part 1. Structure, Stability And Reactivity Of Small Organic Sulfinic And Sulfonic Acids: Toxicological Implications. Part 2. Role Of Charge Transfer Complexes In Oxidative Cleavage Of Benzpinacols By Iron(Iii) Trisphenanthroline., Serge Alex Svarovsky
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Part 1. Structure, stability, and mechanisms of oxidation and hydrolysis of a number of thiourea-S-oxides (thiourea dioxide; N-methylthiourea dioxide; N,N′-dimethylthiourea dioxide; thiourea and N,N′-dimethylthiourea trioxides; and sodium hydroxymethanesulfinate) have been investigated by means of UV-VIS, stopped-flow; X-ray crystallography; molecular calculations; ESR; NMR; and oxygen consumption studies. It was found that oxidation of thioureas does not always proceed through the generally accepted successive addition of oxygen atom to the sulfur center. Instead, thiourea dioxides appear to be the major end product in these oxidations. Mechanism of hydrolysis of thiourea dioxides in basic media reveals complex chemical kinetics which involves initial heterolytic …
An Examination Of The Relationship Between Childhood Sexual Abuse, Dissociation, And Eating Disorders., Patricia Marie Bailey
An Examination Of The Relationship Between Childhood Sexual Abuse, Dissociation, And Eating Disorders., Patricia Marie Bailey
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Researchers have documented a high percentage of eating disordered individuals with a history of traumatic experiences such as childhood sexual abuse (Abramson & Lucido, 1991; Oppenheimer, Howells, Palmer, & Chaloner, 1985; Tice, Hall, Beresford, Quinones, & Hall, 1989). To what extent these adverse life events may contribute to the onset, maintenance, and severity of maladaptive eating behaviors is widely debated among researchers and clinicians. The present study attempted to identify a spectrum of potentially traumatic life experiences in eating disordered individuals and their relationship with dissociation and eating pathology. Thirty-four female subjects meeting DSM-IV criteria for Bulimia Nervosa (n = …
An Examination Of The Multiple Domain Predictor Profiles Of Successful Exercise Behavior In A Health Resort Population., Cheryl Lynn Goldman
An Examination Of The Multiple Domain Predictor Profiles Of Successful Exercise Behavior In A Health Resort Population., Cheryl Lynn Goldman
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The present study examined the multiple domain predictor profiles of successful exercise behavior in a health resort population. Successful exercise behavior is operationally defined as maintaining, or changing from a sedentary or somewhat sedentary lifestyle to, an engagement in physical activity at least three times a week for at least twenty minutes each bout (ACSM, 1983). Demographic information, physiological variables, health status and risk factors were assessed at baseline from a sample of repeat guests from a southwestern health and fitness resort. A number of independent variables from each of the three domains were assessed for their ability to predict …
Economic Feasibility Of Trout Production In West Virginia: A Mixed Integer And Quadratic-Programming Analysis., Frank H. Fidler Iv
Economic Feasibility Of Trout Production In West Virginia: A Mixed Integer And Quadratic-Programming Analysis., Frank H. Fidler Iv
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The objective of this study was to determine the profitability and risk-return characteristics of trout production in West Virginia. A combination of primary data (from a producer survey) and secondary data (from published sources and expert opinion) was used. Two sets of models (mixed-integer and quadratic-programming/portfolio) were estimated. Raceways and tanks were the two types of systems analyzed, for three different production capacities. The alternatives for the portfolio analysis included investment in a CD (to represent opportunity cost), food-fish production for sale to processors, and recreational or fee fishing. Results show that as production levels increase, raceway systems are generally …
The Influence Of Context, Amount Of Experience, And Rater Characteristics On Temperament Ratings Of Toddlers., Melinda Maher
The Influence Of Context, Amount Of Experience, And Rater Characteristics On Temperament Ratings Of Toddlers., Melinda Maher
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Although temperament is generally defined as an individual’s stable behavioral style, comparisons of temperament ratings derived from different sources typically yield only low to moderate correlations. The present study investigated three potential influences on toddler temperament ratings: the context of the observation, the raters’ amount of experience with the child, and rater characteristics. Thirty toddlers (14 to 36 months old) were included in the study. For each toddler, temperament ratings were provided by his/her mother, father, two day care teachers, a home observer, and a day care observer. Toddler temperament was assessed using the TTS, EAS, and a global temperament …
Where The Stranger Bides: Resisting America With The Autobiographical Word., Lisa N. Muir
Where The Stranger Bides: Resisting America With The Autobiographical Word., Lisa N. Muir
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The recent republication of the works of Anzia Yezierska and Rose Cohen, as well as the first ever publications of the autobiographies of Bella Spewack and Rachel Cohen, demonstrate the current interest in the autobiographical experiences of turn-of-the-century female immigrant writers. These women were not politicos of the Progressive Era, nor were they literary revolutionaries in the stricter sense of writing against a patriarchal literary environment. Instead, these women pay particular attention to how ethnicity was constructed for them by cultural attitudes existing outside the text. Their autobiographical works confirm for the diverse readers of today that ethnicity is not …
I. Chirality Transfer In The Allenic [2+2+1] Cycloaddition Reaction. Ii. An Approach Towards The Synthesis Of Antitumor Agent, (+/-)-Suberosenone, Using An Allenic [2+2+1] Cycloaddition Reaction., Angela Dawn Kerekes
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The replacement of the alkene moiety with an allene functionality in the intramolecular Pauson-Khand (P-K) cycloaddition provides a novel route to either α-alkylidene or 4-alkylidene cyclopentenones, depending on the substrate and reaction conditions. 1,3-Disubstituted allenes in the presence of molybdenum hexacarbonyl, DMSO, and toluene at 110°C give α-alkylidene cyclopentenones as a mixture of E and Z stereoisomers. The ratio of E and Z isomers is also dependent upon the substrate and the reaction conditions. 1,3-Disubstituted allenes are very useful precursors for the synthesis of complex chiral compounds with the allene serving as the stereocontrolling group. We have developed a method …
The Usefulness Of Admission Data As A Predictor Of Completion Of An Associate Degree Nursing Program., Shelia Marie Kyle
The Usefulness Of Admission Data As A Predictor Of Completion Of An Associate Degree Nursing Program., Shelia Marie Kyle
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The purpose of this descriptive study was to examine whether or not selected variables used in the admission process can predict and the extent to which they can predict whether or not the student will graduate from an associate degree nursing program. The independent variables for this study were: Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN), number of courses completed prior to beginning the nursing program, the pre-admission Grade Point Average (GPA), the number of science courses completed pre-nursing, the number of courses repeated to earn a grade of C or better pre-nursing, and the number of hours transferred from other institutions of …
The Roles Of Cognitive Rigidity And Impulsivity In Adolescent Suicide Attempts., Robin Vaughan Eliason
The Roles Of Cognitive Rigidity And Impulsivity In Adolescent Suicide Attempts., Robin Vaughan Eliason
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Suicide is a major health problem for adolescents. It is the sixth leading cause of death for five to 14 year-olds and the first and the third leading cause of death for adolescents 15 to 19 years of age. The purpose of this study was to extend the research on the risk factors of cognitively rigid behavior, impulsive behavior, and depression and to lay groundwork for the validation of cognitively rigid and impulsive personality traits of adolescent suicide attempters. The amount of time between thought and attempt was explored to extend the research on impulsivity. In this three-group design adolescent …
Even Start Family Literacy Program's Effects For Parents: Why Do They Participate?, Deborah A. Farrer
Even Start Family Literacy Program's Effects For Parents: Why Do They Participate?, Deborah A. Farrer
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Parents are recognized as the first and most important teachers of their children and their influence on children has been well documented. The Even Start Family Literacy program targets both parents and children fostering a home-school-community partnership of shared authority and responsibility for the educational development of children and adults. The purpose of the present study was to examine parents who participated in the Even Start program in terms of results/effectiveness of the program for them and in turn for their families. The investigation was an attempt to unveil the effects of the Even Start program on the parents in …
The Effect Of Individual Difference Variables, Learning Environment, And Cognitive Task On Statistical Learning Performance., Ernest Frank
The Effect Of Individual Difference Variables, Learning Environment, And Cognitive Task On Statistical Learning Performance., Ernest Frank
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The problem of this research was to determine the effect of six independent individual difference variables (cognitive control, learning style, achievement motivation, locus of control, learning environment, and cognitive task) on the dependent variable of learning performance. Post facto research was conducted that resulted in significant findings for two of the twelve research hypotheses postulated. Specifically, the mean performance score of field independent students was found to be significantly higher than that of field dependent students and the mean performance score of the web-based learning environment condition was found to be significantly higher than that of the traditional learning environment …
A Comparison Of The Profiles Of Successful And Unsuccessful Candidates For College Presidencies In The State College System Of West Virginia., Marie Ellen Carter
A Comparison Of The Profiles Of Successful And Unsuccessful Candidates For College Presidencies In The State College System Of West Virginia., Marie Ellen Carter
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Candidates (N = 609) for six presidencies in the State College System of West Virginia between 1995 and 1998 were studied and a comparison was made between successful candidates (n = 93) and unsuccessful candidates (n = 516). Successful candidates were defined as those who were judged by the search and screening committees to be best qualified to be interviewed. Candidate application packets and search committee records were the source of data. Independent variables included positions held by candidates at the time of application, baccalaureate graduation dates, education levels, major fields of graduate study, gender, and locations at the time …
Use Of Track-Etched Polycarbonate Filters In Series To Mimic The Total Human Lung Deposition In The Ultrafine And Fine Particle Range From 0.03 To 0.40 Microns., Jennifer Lynn Hornsby-Myers
Use Of Track-Etched Polycarbonate Filters In Series To Mimic The Total Human Lung Deposition In The Ultrafine And Fine Particle Range From 0.03 To 0.40 Microns., Jennifer Lynn Hornsby-Myers
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Three 3.0m polycarbonate track-etched filters were used in series in a 37 mm cassette and tested at 2.2 L/min using an automated filter tester to determine the filter assembly’s deposition curve as a function of particle size from 0.03 to 0.4 m. The filter assembly’s efficiency curve was compared to Stahlhofen’s resting with nose breathing and working with mouth breathing human total lung deposition curves used by the ICRP. Bias maps show that the shape of the filter assembly’s deposition curve matches the two lung deposition curves in the ultrafine range under these specific test conditions. The efficiency curve of …
Whole-Body Vibration And The Lower Back: The Effect Of Whole-Body Vibration On Pain In The Lower Back., Erik W. Gregory
Whole-Body Vibration And The Lower Back: The Effect Of Whole-Body Vibration On Pain In The Lower Back., Erik W. Gregory
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This study utilized six subjects from the West Virginia University Motor pool, whose exposure to whole-body vibrations were measured and reported as root mean squared (r.m.s.) values in accordance with ISO standard 2631. Each subject completed a questionnaire regarding their general health, and specifically whether they experienced low back pain, and if so, the extent and severity of this pain. It was expected that the individuals subjected to the highest vibration levels would tend to report LBP, with severity of pain increasing with the intensity of exposure. This study did not support that belief. However, it may be that chronic …
The Relationships Between Snags And Cavity-Nesting Birds In A Gypsy Moth-Impacted Forest., Christopher Ryan Showalter
The Relationships Between Snags And Cavity-Nesting Birds In A Gypsy Moth-Impacted Forest., Christopher Ryan Showalter
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Gypsy moth defoliation can result in the death of trees and create snags (standing dead trees), a resource vital to cavity-nesting species. With this in mind, population trends of 11 cavity-nesting birds and their relationship to snags were investigated from 1984 to 1999 in an area that was impacted by gypsy moth defoliation. Data from before a major gypsy moth outbreak (1984-1986), during (1987-1988), and after (1989-1999) enabled inferences about this forest bird community to be made. The combined abundance of the 11 cavity-nesting species examined increased significantly during the years immediately after the outbreak (1989 – 1993) followed by …
Skeletal Muscle Injury, Fibrosis And Transforming Growth Factor-Beta., Cheryl A. Smith
Skeletal Muscle Injury, Fibrosis And Transforming Growth Factor-Beta., Cheryl A. Smith
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Several animal models were assessed for their ability to produce pathology with a potential for developing fibrosis. Pathology was determined using standard histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques. In a model of ethanol-induced myopathy, cytochrome p450 1A1/2 was induced in endothelial cells (i.e. capillaries) but there was insufficient pathology to produce fibrosis. Two models of overload, tenotomy of the gastrocnemius muscle and a tetanus toxin overload model showed morphological changes including: degenerating fibers, central nuclei, variable myofiber sizes, and an expansion of the extracellular matrix, but changes were non-uniformly distributed making this a poor fibrosis model. A tetanus-toxin model of repetitive strain …
The Effects Of Different Shifts On Injury And Illness Rates At A Manufacturing Facility., Angela M. Mattis
The Effects Of Different Shifts On Injury And Illness Rates At A Manufacturing Facility., Angela M. Mattis
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The study examined the impact of working different shifts on the injury and illness rates at a diesel engine factory. A retrospective study was conducted using injury data from 1995-1999 collected from the test site. The injury rates of the shifts were compared with each other and with other studies. The study showed that there was not a significant increase in the amount of injuries on the first shift as compared to the other two main shifts. This indicates that the off shifts may not necessarily cause an increase in the injury and illness rate at the facility. The results …
Magnetic Properties Of Silicon-Doped Ferrihydrite Nanoparticles., Paromita Roy
Magnetic Properties Of Silicon-Doped Ferrihydrite Nanoparticles., Paromita Roy
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The magnetic properties of nanosized (3-5nm) Si-doped two line ferrihydrites, Six /FeOOH.nH2 O where x = 0, 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.20, 0.26, 0.40, 0.50 have been investigated here. The experiments conducted include temperature(5K – 300K) and magnetic field(upto 55 kOe) variations of magnetization under zero field cooled and field cooled conditions. The quantities determined are the magnetic moment per particle mp , the temperature Tp (m) at which magnetization peaks, the spin glass order transition temperature Tg and the hysteresis loop parameters (coercivity Hc , remanence Mr and saturation magnetization Ms (H ® 0)). The dramatic changes observed in …
Mountaintop Removal Mining: An Environmental Impact Assessment (Eia) Scoping Exercise And Impact Assessment Of Mining Activities On Aquatic Resources., Jeff Lee Hansbarger
Mountaintop Removal Mining: An Environmental Impact Assessment (Eia) Scoping Exercise And Impact Assessment Of Mining Activities On Aquatic Resources., Jeff Lee Hansbarger
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Mountaintop Removal Mining (MTR) is a controversial topic in West Virginia. This controversy includes the people of the areas mined, local politicians, and many aspects of the mining itself. This thesis included two main objectives. The first objective was to analyze MTR, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), and the specific impacts arising from MTR. The second objective was to develop impact matrices using information from the first objective. Included within the analysis is a critical investigation of past EIAs used to assess mining activities. Special attention has been directed towards aquatic resource impacts and their documentation and validity. Methods included a …
A Study About The "Cultural Orientation" In Chinese Avant-Garde Art., Jianxiong Mao
A Study About The "Cultural Orientation" In Chinese Avant-Garde Art., Jianxiong Mao
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Chinese avant-garde art until 1989 was an historical product of that special era. It “appropriated” Western contemporary art and endowed it with its own historical and cultural connotation. The juxtaposition of the elite appealing and the deconstructively post-modern scepticism constituted Chinese avant-gardian discourse at that time. The “Opening” political-economic context of the society virtually encouraged and now has digested the forms and concepts of Modernism which are calmly accepted today as one episode of art history, an enlightened experiment. To use the labels of Western contemporary social, cultural and artistic movements to describe Chinese Xiandai art will cause confusion, for …
Endothelin-1 Gene Expression In The Porcine Ovary: Follicular Development., Hope Marie Sasway
Endothelin-1 Gene Expression In The Porcine Ovary: Follicular Development., Hope Marie Sasway
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is known to inhibit steroidogenesis in granulosa and luteal cells. This study investigates ET-1 gene expression to localize the source of synthesis. Previous studies showed the presence of ET-1 in porcine ovarian granulosa cell cultures. The present study provides the first evidence that gene expression of ET-1 occurs in the porcine ovary exclusively within the granulosa cells of antral follicles. ET-1 immunoreactivity was observed in 65.7% of the large antral follicles, particularly in more differentiated granulosa cells. An autocrine role for ET-1 is suggested because ET-1 binding sites were previously detected here. ET-1 expression and atresia (one aspect …
Background Concentrations Of Trace Elements In Three West Virginia Soils: Mlra-126., April Dawn Slagle
Background Concentrations Of Trace Elements In Three West Virginia Soils: Mlra-126., April Dawn Slagle
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Background quantities of trace elements were surveyed in Major Land Resource Area 126, the Central Appalachian Plateau in northwestern West Virginia. Three pedons each of Upshur, Vandalia, (both Typic Hapludalfs) and Gilpin (Typic Hapludult) soils were described and sampled in Doddridge, Mason and Clay counties. Twelve trace elements were extracted from soil samples by the EPA 3051 and hydrofluoric acid methods. The data from both procedures showed that except for Ca and Mg, the HF method extracted greater quantities of trace elements than EPA Method 3051. Significant differences were found for all trace elements except Cd, Cr, and Pb. Calcium, …
Reproductive Biology And Early Life Stage Abundance And Distribution Of Bay Anchovy (Anchoa Mitchilli) In The Hudson River Estuary, United States Of America., Thomas P. Bassista
Reproductive Biology And Early Life Stage Abundance And Distribution Of Bay Anchovy (Anchoa Mitchilli) In The Hudson River Estuary, United States Of America., Thomas P. Bassista
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli) form a fundamental link in US Atlantic Coast estuaries converting zooplankton biomass to edible fish protein for recreationally and commercially important fish species such as striped bass (Morone saxatilis), bluefish (Pomatomus saltarix), and weakfish (Cynoscion regalis) and are often consumed by many species of seabirds. Bay anchovy numerically dominate the Hudson River ichthyofauna composition from May through November and are considered an important link in the Hudson River Estuary food chain. Power plant entrainment and impingement may negatively affect the bay anchovy population in the Hudson River, based on the pelagic nature and distribution of all …
A Model For A Fles Program In Morgantown, West Virginia., Isabel Cristina Cadavid-Munera
A Model For A Fles Program In Morgantown, West Virginia., Isabel Cristina Cadavid-Munera
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
There is an increasing interest in the development and implementation of foreign language programs in elementary school throughout the U.S. However, as some experts on the field of teaching foreign languages to children have pointed out, very often those programs are implemented without prior planning or thorough investigation. The present study was conducted in five schools in Morgantown, West Virginia, in order to determine the major strengths and weaknesses of the foreign language after school classes currently carried out at those schools. Questionnaires (to parents, classroom teachers, Spanish instructors, and site coordinators), class observations and interviews were the ethnographic techniques …
Continuing Education In Dental Hygiene: Assessment Of Content And Competencies., Jill L. Self
Continuing Education In Dental Hygiene: Assessment Of Content And Competencies., Jill L. Self
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Although forty-six of the fifty states (92%) currently require continuing dental education (CDE) course attendance to maintain licensure in dental hygiene, a wide range of continuing education requirements exists. The purpose of this study was to survey registered dental hygienists regarding their perceptions and experiences of continuing education and the existence and extent of competency assessments conducted at continuing education courses attended. A 28 question survey was mailed to licensed dental hygienists residing in West Virginia (n=780) and Colorado (n=1130). Although continuing education continues to be a viable method of gaining knowledge and enhancing skills, CDE course assessment of competencies …
Thyroid Hormones Are Required During Long-Day Photoperiods For The Establishment Of Estradiol-Sensitive Afferent Input To, And Activation Of, Dopaminergic Neurons In The A15 Area Of The Ovine Hypothalamus., Ronald Deloyd Griffith Jr.
Thyroid Hormones Are Required During Long-Day Photoperiods For The Establishment Of Estradiol-Sensitive Afferent Input To, And Activation Of, Dopaminergic Neurons In The A15 Area Of The Ovine Hypothalamus., Ronald Deloyd Griffith Jr.
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Previous work has shown that thyroid hormones are required if ewes are to enter the nonbreeding season, and that these hormones allow estradiol to exert its negative feedback effects to achieve this condition. Evidence also suggests that glial plasticity may contribute to this effect. To determine the role of thyroid hormones in reproductive cyclicity, ewes were ovariectomized and given estradiol implants. Some animals were then thyroidectomized and some of these ewes received thyroxine supplements intracerebroventricularly. Dual label immunocytochemistry was employed to determine the degree of Fos/TH colocalization and measure any changes in glial ensheathment of A15 cells. Analysis revealed no …
Grassroots Organizations And Gis: Assessing The Role Of Geographical Information And Gis In Grassroots Watershed Organizations In West Virginia., Jessica L. Spicer
Grassroots Organizations And Gis: Assessing The Role Of Geographical Information And Gis In Grassroots Watershed Organizations In West Virginia., Jessica L. Spicer
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
A growing number of organizations, especially “grassroots” organizations are seeking to make use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and geographical information. In most cases, however, the use and potential use or benefits of GIS for “grassroots” organizations have been far from realized. The overall goal of this project is to explore grassroots awareness of, understanding of, use of, and proposed use of GIS for assessing watershed issues and to do this in the context of the issue raised by the GIS and society debate. The use of four West Virginia watershed case studies served to identify some of the major …
The Effects Of Smoking On Blood Cells, And The Association Between Smoking And Nutrient Intake Among Pregnant Women Residing In Northern West Virginia., Rebecca King
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Cigarette smoking is a risk factor in respiratory disease, cancer and cardiovascular diseases and other health problems. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of smoking on white blood cells and to assess the relation between smoking, red blood cells, nutrient intake, and newborn weight among pregnant WIC participants residing in Northern West Virginia. The study consisted of 110 pregnant women. Data for this study were obtained by in-person interviews at the clinical site or at the participants' home. The findings of the study indicated that the smokers, white blood cells and lymphocytes were positively associated with …