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The Development Of An Insect Succession Model Suitable For Time-Since-Death Statistics, Anne E. Perez
The Development Of An Insect Succession Model Suitable For Time-Since-Death Statistics, Anne E. Perez
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
For academic carrion insect succession studies to be applicable to forensic casework, the study must provide statistically defensible postmortem interval (PMI) estimates. Multiple statistical approaches have been used to describe insect succession, but no study to date has been able to determine a confidence interval about a succession based PMI estimate. The ability to reject PMI values, and thereby create a confidence interval is determined by statistical power, of which sample size is a positive correlate. A proposed model established prospective sample sizes for desired levels of statistical power, indicating a target sample size of ~50 carcasses for estimating PMI …
Floodplain Mapping In Response To Surface Mine Reclamation, Erin E. O'Leary
Floodplain Mapping In Response To Surface Mine Reclamation, Erin E. O'Leary
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Surface mining and the associated reclamation cause changes in land use and land cover. This change can affect the hydrologic balance. In some cases, an increase in number and magnitude of flood events is observed both on site and in surrounding areas. This research analyzed the hydrologic effects downstream of a reclaimed surface mine, considering the impact of an alternative reclamation technique. Geomorphic landform design (GLD) is a reclamation method that considers the development mature landform shapes to help create a long-term hydrologic balance. Flood maps were created for the pre-mined condition and compared to maps created for three reclamation …
Grit In College Students: Associations With Achievement And Parental Influences, Katelyn R. Black
Grit In College Students: Associations With Achievement And Parental Influences, Katelyn R. Black
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The primary goal of this study was to investigate the relationship of Duckworth and colleagues' (2007) construct of `grit' with academic achievement, parent socialization behaviors and beliefs, and previously established academic risk factors (e.g., low income, level of parent education). A total of 97 student-parent dyads completed online questionnaires, providing grit scores, attachment scores, the parents' grit socialization habits, and demographic information. Pearson's correlations revealed associations between student grit, GPA, and parents' reports of grit socialization. Multiple linear regressions revealed that grit uniquely predicted GPA above and beyond parent income. In addition, grit did moderate the relation between attachment and …
Evaluating The Inclusion Of Phytase Super-Dose In Various Broiler Diet Formulations And Novel Pellet Binders, John W. Boney
Evaluating The Inclusion Of Phytase Super-Dose In Various Broiler Diet Formulations And Novel Pellet Binders, John W. Boney
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Grains commonly used in poultry diets contain phytic acid, a known anti-nutrient that binds dietary phosphorus rendering it unavailable for absorption also decreasing the digestibility of other nutrients. Phytic acid also increases mucin production and endogenous amino acid secretions causing a gut irritant effect which may decrease performance. An abundance of phytase literatures suggests that phytase enzymes can liberate bound phosphorus enhancing phytate phosphorus utilization and bone mineralization. Recently, the use of super-doses of phytase has been suggested to, not only liberate bound phosphorus, but to alleviate the gut irritant effect associated with phytate phosphorus. Therefore, an experiment was conducted …
Socio-Demographic And Behavioral Factors Associated With Hiv Testing And Hiv Seropositivity Among Women And Children In Sub-Saharan Africa: A Population-Based Multilevel Analysis, Zelalem T. Haile
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Introduction: In sub-Saharan Africa, HIV/AIDS is one of the leading causes of mortality that disproportionately affects women and children. In this sub-region, 57% of those living with HIV are women and is home for 90% of children under the age of 15 that are living with HIV. This study examined socio-demographic and behavioral factors associated with HIV testing and HIV seropositivity among women and children using nationally representative data.;Methods: The study employed a cross-sectional study design using data from Demographic and Health Survey and AIDS Indicator Survey, conducted between the years 2006 and 2012 from 25 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. …
Development Of The Dynamic Evaluation Model To Significantly Advance Autism Research, Dana Cihelkova
Development Of The Dynamic Evaluation Model To Significantly Advance Autism Research, Dana Cihelkova
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
In my dissertation effort I suggested new directions in order to significantly advance Autism Research. I moved from identification of the problem (Stagnation of Autism Research) to offering one possible explanation for the problem (Conceptualization of Autism as a Complex Phenomenon) to one possible solution for the problem. I developed the Dynamic Evaluation Model which is a five dimensional evaluation system to (a) effectively evaluate Autism interventions, (b) uncover Autism symptoms dynamics, and (c) identify what child with what symptoms characteristics will benefit the most from what currently available treatments. And finally I tested the prototype of the Dynamic Evaluation …
A Spatial And Economic Analysis For Land Conservation Planning, Sudiksha Joshi
A Spatial And Economic Analysis For Land Conservation Planning, Sudiksha Joshi
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Rapid loss of biodiversity has been mainly attributed to the loss of habitat and habitat fragmentation. Conservation efforts have increased over the years but the rate of biodiversity loss has yet to slow down. Biologists attribute this to setting conservation targets without considering scientific recommendations. Practitioners on the other hand claim scientific recommendations to ignore socioeconomic costs and therefore are unrealistic. In the United States, protected areas primarily include public lands but conservation easements have become increasingly more popular. However, the effectiveness of conservation easements have been debatable and has garnered much discussion. Three related issues in land conservation planning …
Implications Of Nedd9 On Aurka Activity: A Biomarker For Sensitization And Therapeutic Target In Solid Tumors, Ryan Joseph Ice
Implications Of Nedd9 On Aurka Activity: A Biomarker For Sensitization And Therapeutic Target In Solid Tumors, Ryan Joseph Ice
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The spread of cancer, known as metastasis, is the major cause of relapse and inability to cure disease. Invasion of cancer cells into neighboring tissue and to distant sites allows cancer cells to evade therapeutic agents, due to the low therapeutic penetration of certain tissues such as the central nervous system, and eliminates the feasibility of resection; which is why the study of pro-metastatic proteins is of great urgency, one such protein is NEDD9. NEDD9 is overexpressed in various tumor types and is correlated with poor prognosis due to a more invasive and metastatic phenotype. NEDD9 serves as a scaffolding …
An Old Tool For A New Generation: Using The Star Power Simulation To Teach Social Inequality, Barbara Prince
An Old Tool For A New Generation: Using The Star Power Simulation To Teach Social Inequality, Barbara Prince
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Students today are unique. They are the first generation to be "growing up digital" and are distinctly different from their baby boomer parents. As a result, this net generation does not fit well within the passive nature of the standard format of classes. One technique, employed by a growing number of faculty within the field of teaching and learning, to facilitate experiential learning is the use of simulations. One example is the simulation Star Power, which simulates the use/abuse of power, stratification, and inequality. Simulations such as Star Power can be a vital tool for teaching core sociological concepts, including …
Phosphorus Forms And Availability In Organicallymanaged Grasslands, Saraswati Poudel Acharya
Phosphorus Forms And Availability In Organicallymanaged Grasslands, Saraswati Poudel Acharya
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Phosphorus (P), an essential element for plants and animals, can be a limiting nutrient in organically-managed soils. To better understand P dynamics in organically-managed grasslands, P forms and availability in certified organic grasslands at the WVU Organic Research Farm were determined. The experimental design was a randomized complete block established in 2000 and has been maintained continuously with certified organic methods. We compared three Usage systems (Pasture, Buffer, and Hay) each at two levels of Fertility (High and Low). Phosphorus forms were determined by sequential fractionation with H2O, NaHCO3, NaOH and HCl. Extractable P was determined using several soil test …
Control Design And Performance Analysis For Autonomous Formation Flight Experiments, Caleb M. Rice
Control Design And Performance Analysis For Autonomous Formation Flight Experiments, Caleb M. Rice
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Autonomous Formation Flight is a key approach for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and managing traffic in future high density airspace. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV’s) have made it possible for the physical demonstration and validation of autonomous formation flight concepts inexpensively and eliminates the flight risk to human pilots. This thesis discusses the design, implementation, and flight testing of three different formation flight control methods, Proportional Integral and Derivative (PID); Fuzzy Logic (FL); and NonLinear Dynamic Inversion (NLDI), and their respective performance behavior. Experimental results show achievable autonomous formation flight and performance quality with a pair of low-cost unmanned research fixed …
Grass Component Effect On Soil Physical Properties In An Organic Crop Rotation, Emily Leslie Romano
Grass Component Effect On Soil Physical Properties In An Organic Crop Rotation, Emily Leslie Romano
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
In the past few decades, organic productions systems have become increasingly popular due to rising environmental awareness. Much research has been done on crop rotations and fertilization in conventional agricultural systems, but because organic management practices are often different from those in conventional systems, much is unknown about the effect of organic management practices on soil quality. Composted manure and a temporary grass component within an organic crop rotation may be capable of improving soil quality, and may be particularly important in the absence of synthetic chemical inputs. The objective of this research was to evaluate soil quality changes in …
Roles Of Nitric Oxide And Shear Stress In The Regulation Of Microvessel Permeability In Intact Rat Mesenteric Venules, Sulei Xu
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Mechanical forces have been indicated to play important roles in the regulation of inflammatory cell interaction with endothelium resulting in localized leakage formation and contributing to many disease-associated microvascular dysfunctions. However, most of the mechanical force related studies were conducted in vitro. The underlying mechanisms are still controversial. There is a need to investigate how shear stress regulates the endothelial cell (EC) signaling and related vascular barrier function using intact microvessels with experimental conditions closely replicating in vivo situations. The overall aim of my dissertation is to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms of how shear stress and nitric oxide …
Analysis And Comparison Of Clothoid And Dubins Algorithms For Uav Trajectory Generation, Mohanad Al Nuaimi
Analysis And Comparison Of Clothoid And Dubins Algorithms For Uav Trajectory Generation, Mohanad Al Nuaimi
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The differences between two types of pose-based UAV path generation methods clothoid and Dubins are analyzed in this thesis. The Dubins path is a combination of circular arcs and straight line segments; therefore its curvature will exhibit sudden jumps between constant values. The resulting path will have a minimum length if turns are performed at the minimum possible turn radius. The clothoid path consists of a similar combination of arcs and segments but the difference is that the clothoid arcs have a linearly variable curvature and are generated based on Fresnel integrals. Geometrically, the generation of the clothoid arc starts …
An Ecological Assessment Of Restoration Efforts Developed To Recover An Intensively Mined Appalachian Watershed, Andrew S. Watson
An Ecological Assessment Of Restoration Efforts Developed To Recover An Intensively Mined Appalachian Watershed, Andrew S. Watson
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Assessments of watershed-based restoration efforts are rare. Monitoring of projects pre- and post-treatment are essential for the science of stream restoration ecology to advance. We took an experimental approach, following adaptive watershed management principles, to evaluate the effectiveness of watershed-based restoration efforts developed to maximize the ecological recovery of acid mine drainage (AMD) impaired streams. We sampled water chemistry, physical habitat, and benthic macroinvertebrate and fish community structure in 3 stream types: AMD (14 streams), AMD-treated (13 streams), and unimpaired reference (4 streams). Treatment technology implemented on impaired streams included in-stream active treatment dosers, limestone sand applications, and an at-source …
High Salt Diet-Induced Alteration In Vascular Reactivity In Wild-Type And Adenosine A2a Receptor Null Mice, Isha Pradhan
High Salt Diet-Induced Alteration In Vascular Reactivity In Wild-Type And Adenosine A2a Receptor Null Mice, Isha Pradhan
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Alteration in vascular reactivity serves as a marker for cardiovascular disease. Enhancement of vasodilatory response through adenosine A2A receptor (A2AAR) signaling against high salt (HS) diet is speculated to be an adaptive response as salt-sensitive rats showed upregulation of A 2AAR and cyp-epoxygenases but salt-resistant rats did not. However, no direct evidence is available showing the compensatory role of A2A AR signaling upon salt loading. For this, understanding the functional and biochemical outcome of HS diet on vascular tone regulation and its underlying signaling mechanism in the presence and absence of A 2AAR is required. This dissertation was carried out …
Elucidation Of The Early Steps Of Ergot Alkaloid Synthesis By Pathway Reconstruction In Aspergillus Nidulans, Katy Ryan
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Ergot alkaloids are pharmaceutically and agriculturally important secondary metabolites produced by several species of fungi in the Clavicipitaceae (order Hypocreales) and Trichocomaceae (order Eurotiales). Ergot alkaloid pathways vary among producers due to genetic variation within ergot alkaloid synthesizing (eas) gene clusters. However, the early steps of the pathway leading to the formation of chanoclavine-I appear to be evolutionarily conserved among producers. Chanoclavine-I synthesis occurs in at least five steps, and knockout and heterologous expression studies have demonstrated that four genes, dmaW, easF, easE, and easC, are required for pathway steps prior to chanoclavine-I formation. It was unknown whether these genes …
Low-Power And Programmable Analog Circuitry For Wireless Sensors, Brandon David Rumberg
Low-Power And Programmable Analog Circuitry For Wireless Sensors, Brandon David Rumberg
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Embedding networks of secure, wirelessly-connected sensors and actuators will help us to conscientiously manage our local and extended environments. One major challenge for this vision is to create networks of wireless sensor devices that provide maximal knowledge of their environment while using only the energy that is available within that environment. In this work, it is argued that the energy constraints in wireless sensor design are best addressed by incorporating analog signal processors. The low power-consumption of an analog signal processor allows persistent monitoring of multiple sensors while the device's analog-to-digital converter, microcontroller, and transceiver are all in sleep mode. …
Investigating The Role Of Mechanical Properties In Biological Systems, Nicole Shamitko-Klingensmith
Investigating The Role Of Mechanical Properties In Biological Systems, Nicole Shamitko-Klingensmith
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
There is considerable interest in measuring, with nanoscale spatial resolution, the physical and material properties of biological membranes and whole cells because of their role in the physiology of living systems. The atomic force microscope (AFM) has proven to be particularly well-suited for biological studies because samples can be maintained in near physiological conditions to preserve sample integrity (such as in a buffer solution at a physiologically relevant pH or temperature), and the imaging process is relatively nondestructive. In this work, the mechanical properties of supported lipid bilayers and neurons were examined using AFM-based techniques. Specifically, tapping mode AFM-based techniques …
Clinical Practice Guideline For Venous Thromboembolism, Angela Miller
Clinical Practice Guideline For Venous Thromboembolism, Angela Miller
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Background: The morbidity associated with venous thromboembolism often goes unrecognized. Identifying patient populations at risk for venous thromboembolism and implementing evidence-based guidelines can decrease the number of untoward effects of this disease. Clinical pathway guidelines are valuable tools needed by nurses in the prevention and treatment of disorders for patients. Education of the guideline can increase knowledge and understanding of what prevention, interventions, and treatment are available for the orthopaedic patient and how to apply this knowledge to everyday patient care.;Objective: To educate orthopaedic nurses on the clinical practice guidelines of thromboembolism.;Method: Incorporate the education of thromboembolism in an orthopaedic …
Catchment Streamflow Response To Climate Change Conditioned By Historic Alterations Of Land-Use: Forest Harvest, Succession, And Stand Conversion, David Young
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Forest management practices and climate change can alter streamflow in headwater catchments by changing the balance between precipitation and factors that control evapotranspiration. To understand how water resources are changing, the impacts of climate change and forest disturbance must be isolated. Toward this end the Budyko decomposition method is applied to quantify the impacts of climate change and forest disturbance on catchments of the Fernow Experimental Forest. The Budyko framework provides the theoretical basis for the methodology and assumes variation in streamflow can be attributed to the principal controls governing climate (precipitation and potential evapotranspiration) and catchment water balance (precipitation …
Reinforcing Effects Of Near Wins In Extinction And Concurrent-Chains Procedures, Nathaniel Rice
Reinforcing Effects Of Near Wins In Extinction And Concurrent-Chains Procedures, Nathaniel Rice
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
No abstract provided.
Creation Of In Vitro Disease Models Using Micro-Nanoengineering, Allison Bruce
Creation Of In Vitro Disease Models Using Micro-Nanoengineering, Allison Bruce
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Cells are typically housed in a complex microenvironment (ECM) in vivo, where the cells interact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and neighboring cells. The ECM provides physical support for cells and affects cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, differentiation, and gene expression. Primary components of the ECM include fibrous proteins which contribute significant nanotopography cues to cells. Due to limitations of two-dimensional (2-D) in vitro studies where cells are cultured on flat, plastic substrates, the conventional cell culture does not mimic the in vivo scenario. This manifests the critical need for biomimetic cell culture platforms which mimic the in vivo microenvironment. During …
Effects Of A Postpartum Sleep Schedule On Childless Women's Sleep, Circadian Amplitude, Daytime Sleepiness, Performance, And Mood, Amanda L. Mcbean
Effects Of A Postpartum Sleep Schedule On Childless Women's Sleep, Circadian Amplitude, Daytime Sleepiness, Performance, And Mood, Amanda L. Mcbean
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
OBJECTIVES: A complex process of physiological and environmental changes during the postpartum period confounds our understanding of the discrete impacts of postpartum sleep fragmentation. The aim of this dissertation was to isolate the effects of postpartum sleep fragmentation by manipulating the sleep of childless women in the laboratory to model a postpartum sleep fragmentation schedule. Actigraphically and polysomnographically-recorded sleep, daytime functioning, mood, and melatonin amplitude were quantified.;METHODS: Eleven healthy, childless women (25.4 [SD+/-2.3] years, 72.7% white, {dollar}23,000 [SD+/-{dollar}11,000] household income) contributed continuous wrist actigraphy and daily psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) for one baseline week followed by 3 consecutive nights of …
Taxonomy Of The Allium Cernuum Complex In Appalachia, Rodney David Dever
Taxonomy Of The Allium Cernuum Complex In Appalachia, Rodney David Dever
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This study incorporates morphological, anatomical, common garden and breeding system research to investigate whether Allium allegheniense and A. oxyphilum merit species status distinct from A. cernuum. Herbarium label information was recorded for 1,065 specimens and twelve quantitative and qualitative morphological traits were analyzed using univariate and multivariate techniques. The number and arrangement of scape vascular bundles was observed from nine populations (three from each species). Scapes were sectioned freehand, stained, and examined via light microscopy.;Forty-five plants of the Allium cernuum complex were collected in West Virginia and North Carolina for a common garden study to observe trait variation and phenology. …
A Recofigurable Tri-Band Interconnect For Future Network-On-Chip, Alexander Todd Dilello
A Recofigurable Tri-Band Interconnect For Future Network-On-Chip, Alexander Todd Dilello
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The scaling of CMOS feature sizes has yielded the capability of integrating heterogeneous intellectual properties (IPs) like graphics processing units (GPUs), digital signal processors (DSPs) and central processing units (CPUs) on a single die. The collection of multiple IPs on a single die presents a problem of reliable communication due to congestion. The infrastructure that facilitates and manages communication among IPs is referred to as a network-on-chip (NoC). Its ultimate goal should be low latency with negligible power and area consumption. Unfortunately, as CMOS feature sizes have been scaling smaller, this has exacerbated latency and signal degradation due to increasing …
Investigation Of Chemical And Physical Properties Of Carbon Nanotubes And Their Effects On Cell Biomechanics, Chenbo Dong
Investigation Of Chemical And Physical Properties Of Carbon Nanotubes And Their Effects On Cell Biomechanics, Chenbo Dong
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are used for a variety of applications from nanocircuits, to hydrogen storage devices, and from designing optical fibers to forming conductive plastics. Recently, their functionalization with biomolecules led to exciting biological and biomedical applications in drug delivery or bioimaging. However, because of CNTs interactions with biological systems and their ability to translocate and persist into the circulatory and lymphatic systems and biological tissues, concerns about CNTs intrinsic toxicity have risen. It is thus necessary to develop and implement sensitive analysis technologies that allow investigation of CNTs toxicity upon uptake into a biological system.;This thesis provides a comprehensive …
Timing And Survival Of American Eels Migrating Past Hydroelectric Dams On The Shenandoah River, Sheila M. Eyler
Timing And Survival Of American Eels Migrating Past Hydroelectric Dams On The Shenandoah River, Sheila M. Eyler
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Hydroelectric dams can impact downstream migrating American Eels ( Anguilla rostrata) through migratory delays and turbine mortality. I used radio telemetry to determine the timing and survival of American Eels migrating downstream past five hydroelectric dams on the Shenandoah River in Virginia and West Virginia and through a portion of the Potomac River in Maryland. The five hydroelectric dams implemented a seasonal nighttime turbine shutdown period to protect downstream migrants. The shutdown period was conducted from September 15 to December 15 annually, from 18:00 to 06:00 hours daily. During the fall months from 2007 to 2009, large American Eels were …
Using Bayesian Networks To Identify Control Topography Between Cancer Processes And Immune Responses Via Metagene Constructs, Jacob Kaiser
Using Bayesian Networks To Identify Control Topography Between Cancer Processes And Immune Responses Via Metagene Constructs, Jacob Kaiser
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Cancer arises from a deregulation of both intracellular and intercellular control systems. Understanding the architecture of these control systems and how they are changed in diseases could present opportunities for therapeutic targets to restore normal control. However, since intercellular control structures only appear in intact systems, it is difficult to identify how these control structures become altered using in vitro models and it can be difficult to determine if an in vivo model system appropriately replicates what occurs in human disease. In order to overcome this, we use the diversity in normal and malignant human tissue samples from the Cancer …
Integrated Motor Protein Based Nanodevices For Biomolecular Transport, Yongkuk Lee
Integrated Motor Protein Based Nanodevices For Biomolecular Transport, Yongkuk Lee
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
A living cell can be considered as a miniaturized device, which carries out complicated tasks such as reproduction, energy conversion and molecule transport. Many cellular functions are highly efficient and mostly performed at nanoscale, which is pursued in fields of Micro total analysis system (&mgr;-TAS) or lab-on-a-chip. Due to unique mechanical functions performing micro/nano transport with high efficiency of the chemo-mechanical energy conversion in cells, motor proteins have been emphasized to perform laboratory functions such as delivery, assembly, detection, and micro/nano-engines. However, several issues ranging from in vitro stability of motor proteins to understanding their functionalities with inorganic materials remain …