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Development And Validation Of A Measure To Assess Physician Readiness To Prescribe Drug Therapies For Post-Myocardial Infarction Patients, Siddhesh Ajit Kamat Dec 2003

Development And Validation Of A Measure To Assess Physician Readiness To Prescribe Drug Therapies For Post-Myocardial Infarction Patients, Siddhesh Ajit Kamat

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

National guidelines recommend the use of beta-blockers, aspirin, and ACE-inhibitors in the management of post MI patients. These target drug classes continue to be under-prescribed; information on physicians' decision-making process requires attention and behavior change interventions have been proposed. This pilot study uses the Transtheoretical Model of Change; physicians' salience for the pros and cons of prescribing target drug classes constitutes the decisional balance measure, which can be used to predict their stage of readiness. A survey instrument was mailed to a sample of West Virginia physicians and 55 usable responses (34%) were received. Majority of the physicians self-reported in …

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Bone Fracture Toughness Of Estrogen Deficient Rabbits, Matthew S. Smith Aug 2003

Bone Fracture Toughness Of Estrogen Deficient Rabbits, Matthew S. Smith

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Bone mass is commonly used as an indicator of fracture risk. It has been shown in numerous studies that bone loss causes increased bone fragility and risk of fracture. It has also been shown that 50% of patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures have the same bone mass as normal age matched controls. Thus, bone mass alone is not the only indicator of bone quality and ability to resist fracture.;The objective of this study was to qualitatively assess bone's mechanical and histomorphometric changes with drug treatment, and estrogen deficiency, using fracture toughness, femoral neck fracture and histomorphometric analysis in an …

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Effect Of Computer Practice Of Component Gait Training Facts On Choice Of Ambulation Aid And Gait Pattern By Physical Therapist Assistant Students, Beverly R. Born Aug 2003

Effect Of Computer Practice Of Component Gait Training Facts On Choice Of Ambulation Aid And Gait Pattern By Physical Therapist Assistant Students, Beverly R. Born

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Health care educational programs are challenged to provide efficient and effective instructional strategies to teach students both the foundation knowledge and problem solving skills that they need to provide quality health care services. In the present study, computer-based text passages and quizzes were used to teach physical therapist assistant (PTA) students the component facts and principles needed for the higher level skill of choosing ambulation aids and gait patterns for patients in described clinical scenarios. The research questions were (a) whether learning component gait training skills would result in better ability to choose ambulation aids and gait patterns for patients …

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Non-Native Esl Teachers' Reactions To Students' Different Cultural Backgrounds In Classroom Interaction, Livia Silva Lirio Aug 2003

Non-Native Esl Teachers' Reactions To Students' Different Cultural Backgrounds In Classroom Interaction, Livia Silva Lirio

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

There have been research studies done in the area of cross-cultural analysis that discuss the necessity of culture-oriented examiners or assessors as well as "culture-free testing" when assessing students from different cultural and linguistic backgrounds. Despite evidence that "culture-bias" is present in oral examinations, few of the studies found directly approach the instructors' reactions to students' different cultural and backgrounds in classroom interaction. Therefore the purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate teachers' perspectives on teaching in a multicultural classroom. The findings of this study conducted in an American language institute with non-native ESL teachers reveal a mismatch between …

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Investigation Into The Use Of A Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance For Real-Time Particulate Measurement, Marcus Gilbert Aug 2003

Investigation Into The Use Of A Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance For Real-Time Particulate Measurement, Marcus Gilbert

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Characterizing particulate matter (PM) in diesel exhaust emissions during transient test cycles has been a challenge for researchers. Acquisition of real-time PM data was proposed by the use of a Rupprecht and Patashnick Co., Inc. Series 1105 Diesel Particulate Monitor Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance (TEOM) mass measuring device. The objectives of testing with a TEOM diesel particulate analyzer were to validate its collection capability and evaluate its real-time characteristics on transient test cycles. Conventional PM filtration was used as the base line for evaluating the TEOM collection capability. To evaluate real-time TEOM characteristics, the real-time mass rate data were separated …

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Evaluation Of Regulated Emissions From Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles In The South Coast Air Basin, Thomas M. Buffamonte Aug 2003

Evaluation Of Regulated Emissions From Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles In The South Coast Air Basin, Thomas M. Buffamonte

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

It is important to know how heavy-duty diesel vehicles affect the air quality in the United States. Twenty-five heavy-duty diesel vehicles in the CRC E55/59 Phase I study were tested on the Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS), AC50/80 and the Heavy Heavy-Duty Diesel Truck (HHDDT) Schedule using the West Virginia University Transportable Emissions Laboratory (TransLab). Every vehicle in the CRC E55/59 Phase I study was tested at 30,000 lbs. (Unladen) and 56,000 lbs. (Laden) on the HHDDT, except for one tanker truck that was tested at 45,000 lbs (Laden). Also, the first thirteen vehicles in the study were tested on …

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Acoustic Emission Evaluation Of Frp Composite Specimens In Tension And Bending, Ryan Edward Arnold Aug 2003

Acoustic Emission Evaluation Of Frp Composite Specimens In Tension And Bending, Ryan Edward Arnold

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Fiber Reinforced Polymer composites are relatively new to the bridge construction industry. One of the challenges to greater usage is the lack of a nondestructive method to accurately evaluate them. Nondestructive evaluation of FRP composite structures using Acoustic Emissions was conducted. Seven tension specimens and fifteen bending specimens from three different FRP manufacturers were tested. The hand-laid tension specimens produced at WVU were tested following ASTM D3039. The bending specimens were tested according to ASTM D790.;AE parameters were analyzed, and connections were found between them and the loading quarter of the specimens along with the damage zone of the specimens. …

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Instructors' Message Variables And Students' Learning Orientation/Grade Orientation And Affective Learning, Leeanne M. Bell Aug 2003

Instructors' Message Variables And Students' Learning Orientation/Grade Orientation And Affective Learning, Leeanne M. Bell

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among instructors' message variables and students' learning orientation (LO), grade orientation (GO), and affective learning. Participants were 193 students (109 men, 83 women) enrolled in introductory communication courses at a large eastern university. Participants completed the Revised Self-Disclosure scale (Wheeless, 1978), the Humor Orientation scale (Booth-Butterfield & Booth-Butterfield, 1991), a narrative scale created for this study, the LOGO II scale (Milton, Pollio, & Eison, 1986) and the Instructional Affect Assessment Instrument (IAAI) (McCroskey, 1994). Results indicated instructors' message variables were not significantly related to students LO/GO, no significant differences among …

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Identification Of Metrics Used By Decision Makers To Determine The Efficacy Of Wireless Communication Systems In Higher Education, Karen R. Petitto Aug 2003

Identification Of Metrics Used By Decision Makers To Determine The Efficacy Of Wireless Communication Systems In Higher Education, Karen R. Petitto

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This research described the wireless network technologies that are available for use in higher education, determined the categories of metrics used to evaluate wireless network efficacy, and yielded a self-assessment instrument for guiding small college administrators considering wireless local area network systems.;The features and benefits of contemporary wireless systems in higher education were identified through a review of the professional journals, government publications, and standards industry documentation. The literature identified three categories of metrics beneficial for the evaluation of efficacy of wireless campus local area networks: cost, speed, and reliability. After identification of these categories of metrics, a modified Delphi …

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Assessment Of Students' Motivation To Use Computer Tools In A Web -Enhanced Counseling Course, Ying-Ying Kuo Aug 2003

Assessment Of Students' Motivation To Use Computer Tools In A Web -Enhanced Counseling Course, Ying-Ying Kuo

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Increasing numbers of professional counseling educators recognize the importance of information technology in counselor education, but the majority of members in the counseling community still lack interest in using computer tools for their professional development. How to motivate them to acquire these necessary skills is a problem in counselor education. This study provided a motivating web-based instructional (WBI) design for a web-enhanced course and examined counseling students' motivation to use computer tools in the course. It focused on four research questions that examined (1) how students' use of computers changed; (2) the impact of web-based instructional (WBI) features on their …

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Factors Influencing Participation In The Beef Quality Assurance Program Of The West Virginia Cooperative Extension Service, Sara D. Peacock Aug 2003

Factors Influencing Participation In The Beef Quality Assurance Program Of The West Virginia Cooperative Extension Service, Sara D. Peacock

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to identify factors that contribute to participation in the West Virginia Beef Quality Assurance program. This study explored barriers and encouragers that affected involvement in educational programs offered by the West Virginia Cooperative Extension Service. The population consisted of 387 West Virginia Beef Producers from the West Virginia Young Sire Performance Evaluation Program mailing lists. The sample consisted of 85 producers randomly selected from the accessible population and 85 responses to the survey were completed. It was found that the average BQA farmer had a higher net income from their farming practices and had …

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Dietary Patterns, Exercise Behaviors And Osteoporosis Knowledge Of College Women At West Virginia University, Jamie Sutton Deem Aug 2003

Dietary Patterns, Exercise Behaviors And Osteoporosis Knowledge Of College Women At West Virginia University, Jamie Sutton Deem

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study was conducted to describe the dietary patterns, exercise behaviors and osteoporosis knowledge of college women at West Virginia University. One hundred forty-one women were recruited (ages 18--27). Mean intake of nutrients including calcium (860 +/- 369 mg/day) was reported. Calcium intake was significantly lower than the recommendation (1000 mg/day; p < 0.0001). Mean reported exercise time was 54.4 minutes/day. This was significantly greater than the recommendation of 30 minutes/day (p < 0.01). Osteoporosis knowledge was measured by questionnaire. The majority of participants were able to identify 7/14 risk factors. A T-test indicated that individuals who answered osteoporosis risk factor questions correctly had higher intakes of calcium, but were still significantly below the recommendation (p < 0.001). Results indicated that exercise time was significantly higher in individuals who answered osteoporosis risk factor questions correctly (p < 0.001). These results suggest that college women do not have adequate intakes of calcium or knowledge of osteoporosis for prevention of the disease.

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Global Demand For Certified Hardwood Products As Determined From A Survey Of Hardwood Exporters, Ellen E. Hrabovsky Aug 2003

Global Demand For Certified Hardwood Products As Determined From A Survey Of Hardwood Exporters, Ellen E. Hrabovsky

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

United States hardwood exporters were surveyed to determine the current international markets for certified hardwood products (CHWP) and to document the experiences of hardwood exporters concerning CHWP and certification. There was a 42% response rate to the 265 mailed surveys. Twenty six percent of exporting companies received requests for CHWP. These requests represented <5% of the companies total export business. The experiences of the responding exporters parallels that reported in previously published studies. Willingness to pay a premium is low. Over half of the exporters indicated that customers will not pay any premium. Chain of custody issues are a major problem and the supply of certified hardwood lumber is small. Only large companies owning their own forests have no problem with certification, chain-of-custody documentation or supply. The markets remain predominantly niche markets centered in northern Europe. China is emerging as a major market for primary CHWP.

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Raptor Assemblage, Abundance, Nesting Ecology, And Habitat Characteristics Under Intensive Forest Management In The Central Appalachian Mountains, Rebecca D. M. Smith Aug 2003

Raptor Assemblage, Abundance, Nesting Ecology, And Habitat Characteristics Under Intensive Forest Management In The Central Appalachian Mountains, Rebecca D. M. Smith

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Raptor abundance and diversity were examined in three treatments (20-, 40-, and 80-yr harvest rotations) on an industrial forest in the central Appalachian Mountains. I conducted diurnal broadcast surveys, compared nocturnal survey protocols, examined habitat characteristics at two spatial scales (564 m and 1000 m buffers), and described nesting ecology (including prey composition) of 3 species of diurnal raptors. I detected 17 species and found no significant differences in abundance among treatment for all raptors. Forest-dwelling species were detected more often than edge-dwelling species and Red-shouldered Hawk (Buteo lineatus) was the most abundant species. Using a Barred Owl vocalization survey …

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Metallothionein Gene Expression In Human Breast Cancer, Volkan Gurel Aug 2003

Metallothionein Gene Expression In Human Breast Cancer, Volkan Gurel

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Metallothioneins (MT) are a family of low molecular weight (6 kDa) cysteine rich proteins that participate in a variety of functions such as detoxification of heavy metals and homeostasis of essential metals. They can also act as scavengers of free radicals. MT-1 and 2 isoforms are ubiquitously expressed, whereas the expression of the third isoform is limited to the neural tissue. In the PC-3 prostate cancer cell line, MT-3 expression has been shown to inhibit cell growth and increase drug resistance. The goal of the present study was to determine if MT-3 overexpression would influence the growth of human breast …

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Evaluating Utilization Of Beta -Blockers As Secondary Prevention For Post Myocardial Infarction In A Medicaid Population, Ancilla W. Fernandes Aug 2003

Evaluating Utilization Of Beta -Blockers As Secondary Prevention For Post Myocardial Infarction In A Medicaid Population, Ancilla W. Fernandes

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is associated with high mortality and costs to the US healthcare system. Beta-blockers are known to reduce mortality and re-infarction rates when used for long-term prevention following an AMI. They are recommended by the American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines in post-AMI patients. However, this therapy is both underused (error of omission in eligible patients) and misused (error of commission in ineligible patients). This study involved two phases. Phase one included evaluating utilization of beta-blockers in a Medicaid population and determining the effect of their utilization on patient outcomes such as mortality, morbidity, …

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Essays On International Political Economy, Tomi Ovaska Aug 2003

Essays On International Political Economy, Tomi Ovaska

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This dissertation is a collection of essays that focus on the effects of government intervention on economic outcomes. The work is empirical in nature and incorporates cross-country comparisons to highlight the effect governments potentially have in influencing the working of markets. The essays in this dissertation ask what governments actually do and why, what governments should avoid doing, and finally, what governments should undertake to foster economic progress. Chapter one is a short introduction to the role governments play in modern societies. Chapter two considers what governments do and why, focusing on fiscal illusion. Contrary to the fiscal illusion hypothesis, …

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Effects Of Fear Of Dental Pain And Information Type On Fear And Pain Responding During Endodontic Treatment, John T. Sorrell Aug 2003

Effects Of Fear Of Dental Pain And Information Type On Fear And Pain Responding During Endodontic Treatment, John T. Sorrell

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Fear of pain is an important factor within dental settings. Information is an effective method of enhancing predictability about aversive events during dental and medical procedures and can decrease fear and pain during treatment. Therefore, the effects of fear of dental pain and information type on fear and pain responding during endodontic treatment were examined. Experiment 1 included 268 undergraduate students to develop an informational videotape and a knowledge inventory designed to enhance predictability about root canal treatment and measure dental knowledge across 3 domains (oral hygiene, root canal procedure, and pain during root canal treatment). Results suggest that videotape …

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Treatment Outcome For Male Adolescents In Residential Placement, Taji Tortorello Aug 2003

Treatment Outcome For Male Adolescents In Residential Placement, Taji Tortorello

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of the study was to assess archival data to determine what variables are related to successful discharge from a residential treatment program for adolescents with behavioral disorders. The records of 120 residents of a Northern Virginia residential treatment program were reviewed from January 1999 to January 2001. The researcher was interested in determining what predictor variables, such as: intake demographic and intake assessments relate to outcome, such as: discharge assessments, discharge planning, and discharge GPA. Results indicated that students who are successfully discharged from this program at intake are typically: (1) older, (2) less oppositional, (3) engage in …

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Evaluation Of Techniques For Disseminating Parent -Child Interaction Therapy, Amy D. Herschell Aug 2003

Evaluation Of Techniques For Disseminating Parent -Child Interaction Therapy, Amy D. Herschell

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Considerable advancements have been made in the last decade in developing, identifying, and evaluating empirically supported treatment programs (ESTs). Less progress has been made in the dissemination of these promising programs. This trend may be due, in part, to a lack of systematic studies investigating methods to distribute ESTs successfully so that both skills and knowledge are acquired. More information is needed regarding the effectiveness of existing treatment dissemination modalities (e.g., treatment manuals, workshops) as well as therapist characteristics that might impact training success.;The purposes of the current investigation were to: (a) evaluate a treatment manual as a method for …

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Numerical Simulation For Parametric Study Of A Two -Stroke Compression Ignition Direct Injection Linear Engine, Ehab F. Shoukry Aug 2003

Numerical Simulation For Parametric Study Of A Two -Stroke Compression Ignition Direct Injection Linear Engine, Ehab F. Shoukry

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

A time based numerical simulation program was built at West Virginia University to simulate the operation of a two-stroke compression ignition direct injection linear engine. The two-stroke linear engine consists of two pistons connected together with a yoke and allowed to move freely according to the frequent combustion that takes place in response to fueling and load applied along the full stroke of the internal combustion engine. The simulating program used a series of dynamic and thermodynamic equations that were solved simultaneously to predict the performance and analyze the different factors affecting the operation of the two-stroke compression ignition linear …

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Gene Expression Profiling In Prepubertal And Adult Male Mice Using Cdna And Oligonucleotide Microarrays, Lisa Marie Tomascik-Cheeseman May 2003

Gene Expression Profiling In Prepubertal And Adult Male Mice Using Cdna And Oligonucleotide Microarrays, Lisa Marie Tomascik-Cheeseman

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Variations in gene expression are the basis of differences in cell and tissue function, response to DNA damaging agents, susceptibility to genetic disease, and cellular differentiation. The purpose of this dissertation research was to characterize variation in basal gene expression among adult mouse tissues for selected stress response, DNA repair and damage control genes and to utilize variation in temporal gene expression patterns to identify candidate genes associated with germ cell differentiation from mitosis through meiosis in the prepubertal mouse testis. To accomplish these goals, high throughput analyses of gene expression were performed using custom cDNA and random oligonucleotide microarrays. …

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Molecular Cytogenetic Evaluation Of Uveal Melanoma Cell Lines And Archival Tissue, Jason Scott White May 2003

Molecular Cytogenetic Evaluation Of Uveal Melanoma Cell Lines And Archival Tissue, Jason Scott White

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Uveal melanoma is the most common intraocular tumor in adults and often results in unilateral blindness and/or death. Previous cytogenetic characterizations of this tumor have consistently revealed chromosomal abnormalities involving chromosomes 3, 6, and 8; reports of other abnormalities vary in frequency. We further defined cytogenetic abnormalities of this tumor using molecular cytogenetic techniques on 10 uveal malignant melanoma cell lines and 100 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumors.;The synthesis of comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and spectral karyotyping (SKY) results revealed that chromosomal rearrangement plays a significant role in the generation of DNA sequence copy number abnormalities throughout the genome, but none …

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Effects Of Artificial Neural Networks Characterization On Prediction Of Diesel Engine Emissions, Azadeh Tehranian May 2003

Effects Of Artificial Neural Networks Characterization On Prediction Of Diesel Engine Emissions, Azadeh Tehranian

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

More than a century after its invention, diesel remains the fuel of choice for buses and freight trucks. Diesel exhaust contains three gases that are regulated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), as well as particulate matter (PM). There is a societal need both to lower emissions and to predict or model emissions more accurately for inventory purposes. Engine modeling, and real time control are the most indispensable steps towards lowering engine emissions, and it is argued that this modeling can be achieved by implementation of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Effects of ANN design, architecture, and learning parameters …

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Changes In Immune Cell Populations And The Antibody Response To Streptococcus Pneumoniae After Exposure To A Mixture Of Herbicides, Patricia De La Rosa May 2003

Changes In Immune Cell Populations And The Antibody Response To Streptococcus Pneumoniae After Exposure To A Mixture Of Herbicides, Patricia De La Rosa

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The environment that we live in is composed of many different chemicals, Because of this, all chemical exposures, whether environmental or industrial, are exposures to mixtures. These mixtures have the potential to affect the immune system in a manner that is qualitatively or quantitatively different from the response to the individual components of the mixture. My experiments examine the effects of in vivo exposure to a mixture of herbicides on immune cell populations and on the humoral immune response to immunization with heat killed, whole-cell, Streptococcus pneumoniae (HKSP). The herbicide propanil (3,4-dichloropropionanilide) is sold as a mixture with the herbicide …

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Effects Of Bit Geometry In Multiple Bit-Rock Interaction, Rizwan Ahmad Qayyum May 2003

Effects Of Bit Geometry In Multiple Bit-Rock Interaction, Rizwan Ahmad Qayyum

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The impact of bit-coal/rock interaction during the cutting process in underground mines is great concern to the mining community of the world. Rock/coal cutting bears directly on rock/coal dust generation that causes "black lung/silicosis" in miners. On the other hand, rock cutting generates radiance of sparks that has potential to cause face ignition. Bit wear affects productivity, safety and economy. Hundreds of face ignitions and millions of dollars in productivity and compensation for respirable rock/coal dust related diseases are attributed to the cutting action of continuous miners/shearers. These undesirable impacts could be minimized by proper selection of bit types, bit …

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Performance Evaluation Of Diesel Particulate Filters On Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Stephen George Rosepiler May 2003

Performance Evaluation Of Diesel Particulate Filters On Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Stephen George Rosepiler

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Diesel particulate filters, or DPFs, are exhaust aftertreatment devices used to reduce exhaust emissions from diesel powered vehicles. Typical designs have a wall flow filter element downstream of an oxidation catalyst, which oxidizes a portion of the NO present in the exhaust stream to form NO2. The resulting NO2 aides in the combustion of the soot collected in the wall flow filter element allowing for the complete breakdown of the soot within typical diesel exhaust temperatures, thus limiting the required maintenance on the filter elements to the removal of non-combustible ash.;Three aspects of DPF performance were investigated: cold start performance, …

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Inhalation Exposure System For Diesel Exhaust Particulates, Jay Michael Sherman May 2003

Inhalation Exposure System For Diesel Exhaust Particulates, Jay Michael Sherman

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The objectives of this research were twofold. First, a Hazelton 2000 Inhalation Chamber was modified to minimize the amount of diesel exhaust particulate (DEP) needed for animal inhalation exposures. Second, instrumentation was evaluated for aerosolizing DEP, monitoring the mass concentration and size distribution, and determining the uniformity of the aerosol.;The Jet-O-Mizer jet mill produced a single mode DEP mass median diameter (MMD) of 0.33 mum while maintaining a relatively steady mass concentration of 10 mg/m3. The uniformity of a carbon black aerosol was found to vary from 9.9 mg/m3 in the front part of the chamber, to 10.4 mg/m3 in …

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Comparison Of Concentrations In The Breathing Zone, Santosh Raghavendra Kulkarni May 2003

Comparison Of Concentrations In The Breathing Zone, Santosh Raghavendra Kulkarni

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The concentrations in the "breathing zone" were analyzed on three human subjects in simulating work conditions. The experiments were carried out in a wind tunnel having 40&feet; x 12&feet; x 9&feet; dimensions. Ethanol vapor mixed with nitrogen was used as a tracer gas. Samples were taken at the forehead, adjacent to the nose (nose), the mouth, neck, chest, right lapel, left lapel. Nose was sampled at l liter per minute (lpm) and 0.15 lpm at different times, while the others were sampled at 0.15 lpm at two different wind tunnel velocities. The source was released at naval height for each …

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Trip Generation Characteristics Of Rural Clinics In West Virginia, Andrew Paul Morgan May 2003

Trip Generation Characteristics Of Rural Clinics In West Virginia, Andrew Paul Morgan

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

With the decreasing number of hospitals in rural areas, more rural clinics are being established to meet the health care needs in rural areas. Rural clinics are small health care facilities that serve the primary care needs of rural areas. There are currently no published trip generation rates available for rural clinics. The only rates available are those presented for "clinics" in ITE's Trip Generation (1997). These rates are based on very small sample sizes and on facilities that do not adequately reflect the traffic characteristics of rural clinics.;Trip generation rates were developed for rural clinics in West Virginia. Traffic …

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