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Use Of A Token Economy To Increase Exercise In Children With Cystic Fibrosis, Rebecca S. Bernard May 2004

Use Of A Token Economy To Increase Exercise In Children With Cystic Fibrosis, Rebecca S. Bernard

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Cystic fibrosis is a chronic illness that affects several major organ systems, primarily the respiratory system and the exocrine glands of the pancreatic system. The treatment regimen is extensive (e.g., medications, vitamins, high fat diet, airway clearance sessions). Although adherence to medications is high, adherence to the airway clearance techniques (chest physiotherapy and exercise) is less consistent. Increasing exercise adherence is of utmost importance because pulmonary difficulties are associated with the highest mortality rate and exercise is more beneficial than other airway clearance methods. Despite this, very little research has focused on increasing exercise adherence in this population. The purpose …

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Evaluation Of Time Out-Based Discipline Strategy To Manage Children's Noncompliance With Cystic Fibrosis Treatment, Catherine Bradford Mcclellan May 2004

Evaluation Of Time Out-Based Discipline Strategy To Manage Children's Noncompliance With Cystic Fibrosis Treatment, Catherine Bradford Mcclellan

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a chronic, terminal illness that requires intensive, time-consuming, and sometimes painful treatment for optimal health and longevity. Given the complex and aversive nature of treatment, children with CF frequently develop avoidance behaviors resulting in noncompliance to parents' treatment requests. The purpose of this study was to use a single-subject reversal design to compare children's compliance with parents' typical strategies to children's compliance when a time out based discipline strategy is in effect. Participants were two children who displayed noncompliant behavior to their parent's treatment requests. Outcome measures included parent and child behaviors as assessed by an …

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Assessment Of The Learning Styles Of Students At The Eastern Caribbean Institute Of Agriculture And Forestry, Centeno, Trinidad And Tobago And Identification Of Teaching Methods Used By Instructors, Cynthia Marie Burskey May 2004

Assessment Of The Learning Styles Of Students At The Eastern Caribbean Institute Of Agriculture And Forestry, Centeno, Trinidad And Tobago And Identification Of Teaching Methods Used By Instructors, Cynthia Marie Burskey

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

An issue in higher education is to create a learning environment that is both positive and effective. With teaching methods that take into account all the learning styles within the classroom, a teacher can make the atmosphere of the classroom more conducive to learning. This study sought to determine if the teachers at the Eastern Caribbean Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Centeno, Trinidad and Tobago (ECIAF) were using instructional methods that facilitated learning in their students. A two-phase study was utilized. Phase I used a descriptive survey to determine the learning styles of 36 first-year students at ECIAF. Phase II …

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Maternal Diabetes And Perinatal Outcomes, Rachael E. Gainor May 2004

Maternal Diabetes And Perinatal Outcomes, Rachael E. Gainor

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Diabetes is a serious problem in the nation and in the state of West Virginia (WV). Having diabetes during pregnancy has been associated with several negative perinatal outcomes. This study was done to test the hypothesis that women with diabetes would have more negative perinatal outcomes than those who do not. A secondary hypothesis was women with pre-gestational diabetes would have more negative perinatal outcomes than women with gestational diabetes.;Data were analyzed for the years 2001 and 2002 on all babies born to mothers enrolled in the West Virginia Medicaid program. Data for those two years were analyzed using three …

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Effects Of Sealant And Self Etching Primer On Enamel Decalcification In Vivo, Matthew A. Ghiz May 2004

Effects Of Sealant And Self Etching Primer On Enamel Decalcification In Vivo, Matthew A. Ghiz

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Self etching primer (SEP) saves valuable time by eliminating the multiple steps required to place a sealant prior to bonding brackets. The purpose of this study is to compare the resistance to demineralization between SEP and a conventional sealant. 25 patients were bonded with either SEP or Sealant using the split arch technique. At the end of the observation period (18--24 months), the plaque index and decalcification scores were noted. Data was analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey Kramer test. Significantly higher decalcification score was found with the SEP group as compared with the Sealant Group (p < 0.001). Significant difference was also found between the level of hygiene compliance and decalcification (p < 0.0001). Patients with fair or poor hygiene compliance have higher decalcification scores with SEP as compared to Sealant. These results suggest that application of a self etching primer saves chair time but provides less resistance to enamel demineralization as compared to a conventional sealant.

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Learning Styles Of Extension Agents Responsible For Pesticide Re-Certification Training Programs In West Virginia, Anne M. Custer-Walker May 2004

Learning Styles Of Extension Agents Responsible For Pesticide Re-Certification Training Programs In West Virginia, Anne M. Custer-Walker

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

As a condition of license renewal necessary for restricted-use pesticides, private pesticide applicators are required to accumulate five hours or 10 continuing education units (CEUs) every three years. These programs provide valuable experiential learning opportunities to adult learners. As a result, adult learning is a topic of research. Kolb's Learning Style Inventory (LSI) has been used in research for many years to determine learning style preferences of adults. The purpose of the study was to categorize each agent according to their learning style and to determine if relationships exist between learning style preferences and the agents' major program area, Extension …

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Effects Of Listening To Music In A Precompetition Routine On Mood And Performance, John R. Geer May 2004

Effects Of Listening To Music In A Precompetition Routine On Mood And Performance, John R. Geer

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Members of a Division I university women's rowing team ( n = 14) each performed three rowing tasks under three music conditions that asked the participants to use headphones to listen to self-selected music either, (1) not at all, (2) during their precompetition routine, or (3) during the rowing task. Positive and negative affect was assessed immediately prior to and after each task. Results indicated that mood did not differ across music conditions and was not affected by current music use or skill level (p's > .05). No significant differences in time to complete the tasks were found across the three …

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Factors Affecting Iron Status Among Infants Age 6--24 Months, Christopher Melonas May 2004

Factors Affecting Iron Status Among Infants Age 6--24 Months, Christopher Melonas

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Iron deficiency has been shown to have a multitude of negative effects on the growing infant. The diet plays a key role in alleviating iron deficiency within a younger population. The objective of this study was to search out specific nutrients in the diet that have some affect on iron status in a population of infants age 6 to 24 months.;This was a cross-sectional study that included 57 rural infants who participated in the WIC program. Dietary intake data was collected by 2 multiple-pass 24-hour intakes done 3 to 4 days apart. Blood was collected by venipuncture and analyzed for …

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Using The Early Childhood Environmental Rating Scale As A Tool For Classroom Improvement, Brittany K. Lucci May 2004

Using The Early Childhood Environmental Rating Scale As A Tool For Classroom Improvement, Brittany K. Lucci

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study's intent was to examine the use of the ECERS as a training tool for classroom improvement. Quality ratings for classrooms were measured using the two ECERS observations with a training session in between. The participants of this study were 15 Educare classrooms from a northern county in West Virginia.;An alpha level of .05 was used in all statistical analysis. The results of the one-tailed paired-sampled t-test of the ECERS displayed two significant findings. A second analysis resulted in additional significant findings, after removing a center from the study.;This was an important study for child care centers and directors. …

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Nutrition Knowledge Of High School Athletes, Charis Mitchell May 2004

Nutrition Knowledge Of High School Athletes, Charis Mitchell

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to see where high school athletes are receiving their nutrition information and if they acquire proper nutrition knowledge. The athletes' sources of nutrition information, scores on the nutrition knowledge questionnaire, and the five groups of questions were analyzed by year in school, gender, and primary sports (top 6 primary sports for the questionnaire and 5 groups). 139 high school athletes completed a nutrition knowledge questionnaire. There was a statistical significance for teammates, gender, and primary sports. Thirty (21%) participants answered 19 questions or more correctly on the nutrition knowledge questionnaire. There was no statistical …

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Identification Of Technical Barriers And Preferred Practices For Oil Production In The Appalachian Basin, Sandra M. Del Bufalo Paez May 2004

Identification Of Technical Barriers And Preferred Practices For Oil Production In The Appalachian Basin, Sandra M. Del Bufalo Paez

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The Appalachian Basin is characterized by great number of stripper wells and marginally producing oilfields that face a number of production problems. The purpose of this study was to identify the main problematic issues and preferred solutions for oil production in the Appalachian Basin. Investigation and identification of oil production problems and preferred solutions began with searches in the Society of Petroleum Engineer (SPE) library, and Petroleum Technology Transfer Council (PTTC) website. In addition, journals, workshop, conference were used to find additional information. Formal interviews were arranged with oil producers to gain more insight into problems in the Appalachian Basin. …

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Design Of A Rodent Dynamometer, Angel M. Dorsch May 2004

Design Of A Rodent Dynamometer, Angel M. Dorsch

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In the past, computer controlled dynamometers have been used to perform isometric and isovelocity testing to study the effects of velocity, acceleration, and position on muscle injury. However, the effect of constant force on muscle injury in animals has not yet been studied.;A computer-controlled dynamometer was designed which could perform isometric, isovelocity, and isotonic testing on both male and female rats. A mechanical device was designed to position the rats for testing as well as provide a platform for the motor and other system components. All of the system components were connected electrically through a National Instruments UMI-7764 breakout box, …

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Fem Simulation Of Ultrasonic Wave Propagation In Solid Rods, Tuan-Chun Fu May 2004

Fem Simulation Of Ultrasonic Wave Propagation In Solid Rods, Tuan-Chun Fu

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The main objective of this study is to simulate ultrasonic wave propagation in solid cylindrical rods. In this study, both experimental investigations and theoretical analyses are conducted. In the experiment, the 4.2 mm diameter center wire of the commonly used Grad 250 7-wire strand have been employed as the specimen and all the specimens are under zero tensile force. There are 3 rods (center wire) of different lengths used in this study. The DS345 arbitrary function generator, PICO sensors, and S9208 displacement transducer is used for measuring the results of the ultrasonic wave propagations. In the FEM analyses, each specimen …

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Characterization Of In-Use Emissions From Marine Engines, Sam George May 2004

Characterization Of In-Use Emissions From Marine Engines, Sam George

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Recently, exhaust emissions from marine engines have become a cause of growing concern. Emission reduction technologies applicable to marine engines need to be developed and tested so that the emission regulations can be met. A review of emission reduction technologies applicable for marine engines is presented in this study. The experimental results of onboard testing of a high-speed passenger ferry to determine the benefits of low sulfur diesel (LSD) fuel and intake air water injection are presented. Gaseous emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon dioxide (CO2), and particulate matter (PM) emissions were measured using on-board emission measurement systems developed …

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Repeatability Of On-Road Routes And A Comparison Of On-Road Routes To The Federal Test Procedure, J. Axel Radermacher May 2004

Repeatability Of On-Road Routes And A Comparison Of On-Road Routes To The Federal Test Procedure, J. Axel Radermacher

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

West Virginia University has developed a Mobile Emissions Measurement System that recorded vehicle, engine, and exhaust behavior during in-use testing. This system obtained data from numerous vehicles over specified on-road routes. A study was conducted on on-road route repeatability. A methodology for finding repeatability had to be established, and factors influencing repeatability were identified. It was found that routes and drivers significantly influenced repeatability, and that further study of a larger sample group needs to be conducted before specific conclusions could be drawn about the influences of the vehicle on repeatability.;A further study was conducted on how well the on-road …

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Employment Opportunities And Skills Necessary For Entry-Level Employment In The Timber Industry, Robert E. Driscole May 2004

Employment Opportunities And Skills Necessary For Entry-Level Employment In The Timber Industry, Robert E. Driscole

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to determine the skills and knowledge needed by entry-level employees in the timber harvesting industry as viewed by the Owner/Operators in the four county area of northern West Virginia. The population consisted of 163 owner/operators in Monongalia, Marion, Taylor and Preston counties. A descriptive survey approach was utilized to explore the training need for persons wishing to enter the timber harvesting industry. The most significant finding was that the owner/operators viewed good work ethics as the most important trait for entry-level employees in the timber industry.

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Do Practice Weights Vary From Wrestling Weights Throughout The Season And Can The Difference Predict Win/Loss Records?, Rebecca L. Sidener May 2004

Do Practice Weights Vary From Wrestling Weights Throughout The Season And Can The Difference Predict Win/Loss Records?, Rebecca L. Sidener

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purposes of the study were (1) to determine if weight fluctuates between 2 time points from the competition weight; (2) to determine if the wrestlers who had difference in weight also had differences in win percentages. The independent variables were competition weights and time. The dependent variable was the average weight deviation for the first question. The independent variable was the average weight deviation at the two time points (two variables) and the dependent variable was the win percentage for the second question. A Pearson's Correlation and two independent t-tests were used for statistical information. The study consisted of …

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Multicultural Competence And Levels Of Effectiveness In Adventure -Based Counseling, David M. Cummins May 2004

Multicultural Competence And Levels Of Effectiveness In Adventure -Based Counseling, David M. Cummins

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The current study explored the relationship between adventure based counselor multicultural competency and their levels of effectiveness as perceived by youth at risk. The sample consisted of 22 counselors (19 White and 3 ethnic minority) who competed the Multicultural Knowledge and Awareness Scale and 86 youth at risk participants (52 White and 34 ethnic minority) who completed the Counselor Effectiveness Rating Scale. Analysis of the data suggests a very small negative relationship between multicultural competence of adventure based counselors and their levels of effectiveness as rated by the ethnic minority and White youth at risk participants. Limitations of the study …

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Effects Of Schedule Segmentation On Pausing And Escape In The Transitions Between Favorable And Unfavorable Schedules Of Reinforcement, Tammy R. Wade May 2004

Effects Of Schedule Segmentation On Pausing And Escape In The Transitions Between Favorable And Unfavorable Schedules Of Reinforcement, Tammy R. Wade

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Simple schedules of reinforcement typically are preferred to chained schedules of equal duration. In the current study, pigeons served in six experiments designed to test whether the juxtaposition of simple and chained schedules would engender the disruption in behavior typically observed in the transition from favorable to unfavorable conditions of reinforcement. In one set of experiments, a multiple schedule was employed in which a simple schedule alternated irregularly with a chained schedule. Whether fixed-ratio or fixed-interval schedules were employed, only half the subjects paused for an extended duration in the simple-to-chain transition, and this occurred only when the first segment …

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Teaching Practices Of Adjunct And Full -Time Faculty By Inventories Of Good Practice, Joyce Ricker Kronberg May 2004

Teaching Practices Of Adjunct And Full -Time Faculty By Inventories Of Good Practice, Joyce Ricker Kronberg

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Institutions of higher education are under increasing pressure to manage with less financial support from the state legislatures. In order to reduce costs and provide greater flexibility, many colleges and universities are turning to adjunct faculty for a greater portion of their teaching in the classroom. However, few studies have measured the quality of instruction displayed by adjunct faculty.;The objective of this study is to assess the frequency of practice for several aspects related to teaching quality between full-time and part-time faculty. Three community colleges participated in the faculty survey: Seven Principles For Good Practice In Undergraduate Education.;In addition, the …

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Women's Pacs: Their Motivations, Strategies, And Impacts., Heather Frederick Jan 2004

Women's Pacs: Their Motivations, Strategies, And Impacts., Heather Frederick

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The literature on political action committees focuses on the different roles and strategies of PACs depending upon their motivation. I argue that the motivations of traditional PACs are founded in an assumption of substantive representation theory. This dissertation deals with the theoretical motivations of women's PACs—that of descriptive representation. Because women's PACs have a different underlying theoretical motivation than traditional political action committees, I hypothesize that the existing PAC literature on the strategies and organizational structures of PACs is both insufficient to explain the behavior of women's PACs, as well as exclusionary. This research seeks to identify the strategies and …

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The Influence Of Organizational Structure On The Degree Of Adherence To The Principles Of A Learning Oriented Student Affairs Division., Debralee Mcclellan Jan 2004

The Influence Of Organizational Structure On The Degree Of Adherence To The Principles Of A Learning Oriented Student Affairs Division., Debralee Mcclellan

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

National calls for reform in higher education have focused on increased accountability for student learning. The historical division of responsibility and expertise between academic affairs and student affairs has resulted in an academic-social divide, contributing to an estrangement of student affairs from higher education's central mission of student learning. Recognizing this gap, the student affairs profession has articulated characteristics and principles of student affairs practice that contribute to student learning. Many community colleges have sought a solution to the academic—social divide by orchestrating an organizational restructuring which results in the consolidation of responsibility for both academic and student affairs. To …

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A Conceptual Model Of Psychological Distress In Native Americans., Shari Ann Robinson Jan 2004

A Conceptual Model Of Psychological Distress In Native Americans., Shari Ann Robinson

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The aim of the current study was to utilize a structural model to examine simultaneously the relationships among socioeconomic status (SES), anxiety sensitivity, stress, psychological problems, Native American identity, cultural related anxiety, and coping. The proposed structural equation model was tested using AMOS (Analysis of Moment Structures). The social stress literature provided a theoretical framework; it suggests that SES-linked social stressors that result in higher levels of psychological disorders adversely affect people from lower SES backgrounds. Data were gathered from 150 Native American attendees at a Pow-Wow. SES was hypothesized to impact negatively on anxiety sensitivity. Anxiety sensitivity was predicted …

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The Role Of Joint Control In The Manded Selection Responses Of Non-Vocal Children With Autism., Joyce C. Tu Jan 2004

The Role Of Joint Control In The Manded Selection Responses Of Non-Vocal Children With Autism., Joyce C. Tu

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In the present study, joint control training was applied when teaching selection responses to four non-vocal children with autism. This study is a systematic replication of Tu (2001). The children were two males (ages six and seven), and two females (ages twelve and thirteen). The result showed that it was only after the joint tact/self-mimetic/sequelic control training that the symmetrical performance of manded selection responses appeared with no additional training.

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Oral Health Care Practices And Perceptions Among Nursing Home Residents: A Case Study., Bridget Marne Boyce Jan 2004

Oral Health Care Practices And Perceptions Among Nursing Home Residents: A Case Study., Bridget Marne Boyce

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Currently, knowledge is limited regarding the extent to which: (1) nursing home residents perceive their oral health care as being adequate, (2) nursing home residents’ perceptions and actual oral health status are congruent, and (3) oral health care outcomes and residents’ perceptions of their own oral health care are influenced by levels of physical functioning. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the oral health practices and perceptions of oral health care among cognitively intact nursing home residents. The instruments utilized were a resident interview and an oral health care evaluation. All participants (n = 10) completed the assessments. …

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Baselining A Compressed Air System: An Expert Systems Approach., Arul Prasad Senniappan Jan 2004

Baselining A Compressed Air System: An Expert Systems Approach., Arul Prasad Senniappan

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The depletion of fossils fuels, the unstable supply of these fuels, and the phenomenal increase in energy costs emphasize the need to conserve energy. Compressed air systems are major energy consuming systems in most of industries and are known to be the most inefficient. The baselining of such systems assumes importance in energy conservation because of this. As a result, the baseline of such systems stresses the importance of energy conservation. When designing a new facility and operating an existing one, eliminating inefficiencies such as inappropriate uses, excessive system pressure, leaks and other wastages leads to energy conservation. This research …

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Coaches And Sport Psychology: Factors Influencing Intentions To Use Sport Psychology Consultation., Rebecca Zakrajsek Jan 2004

Coaches And Sport Psychology: Factors Influencing Intentions To Use Sport Psychology Consultation., Rebecca Zakrajsek

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was twofold. First, the Sport Psychology AttitudeRevised Coaches (SPA-RC) form, modified from the Sport Psychology Attitude-Revised Form (Martin et al., 2002), was developed for coaches and examined through exploratory factor analysis procedures. Second, a theoretical model was developed using the SPA-RC and additional variables (previous exposure and expectations of the process) hypothesized to influence coaches’ use of sport psychology consultants (SPC). A total of 374 coaches were surveyed regarding attitude, previous exposure, expectations of the process, and intentions to use SPCs. Exploratory Factor Analyses with the SPA-RC revealed a 3-factor solution (stigma tolerance, confidence in …

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An Exploratory Analysis Of Personal Naming Practices Of Western North American Indians., Elizabeth L. Compton Jan 2004

An Exploratory Analysis Of Personal Naming Practices Of Western North American Indians., Elizabeth L. Compton

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This exploratory analysis examined the sociocultural parameters of 172 Western North American Indian tribes to determine if patterns would emerge in relation to personal naming practices. Five sociocultural parameters (fixity of settlement, dominant form of polygamy, descent pattern, postnuptial residence, and geographical/cultural area) and four personal naming dimensions (nicknames, timing of naming, name bestower, and naming ceremonies) were selected for analysis. Loglinear regressions were conducted. With an alpha level of .05, six significant relationships emerged: 1) nicknaming practices and polygamy, p = .0326, 2) nicknaming practices and descent patterns, p = .0574, 3) timing of naming and the geographical/cultural area, …

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Conventional Beliefs, Involvement In Conventional Activities, And Delinquency: A Test Of Social Control Theory., Amy White Jan 2004

Conventional Beliefs, Involvement In Conventional Activities, And Delinquency: A Test Of Social Control Theory., Amy White

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Juvenile delinquency and illegal substance abuse are growing problems in American society. Many studies based on various theories of adolescents’ delinquent behavior have been conducted to discover the reasons why youth become involved in delinquency or use drugs, alcohol, and tobacco. In this study, the researcher has sought to test some aspects of social control theory by carrying out secondary analysis on data collected from a survey administered to eighth and eleventh graders in a county school district in West Virginia. The results of the study show that eighth and eleventh graders’ involvement in conventional activities and their conventional beliefs …

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Development Of A Standardized Abrasive Scale: An Analysis Of Commercial Prophylaxis Pastes., Karen D. Avey Jan 2004

Development Of A Standardized Abrasive Scale: An Analysis Of Commercial Prophylaxis Pastes., Karen D. Avey

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Currently, no standard abrasive scale exists for dental prophylaxis pastes. Manufacturers determine their definition of abrasive grit levels. The purpose of this study was to measure resulting surface roughness on bovine enamel of a representative sample of prophylaxis pastes. The study consisted of a survey of prophylaxis paste manufacturers, a pilot study and an analysis of bovine tooth specimens. Prophylaxis pastes, pumice and toothpaste comprised the sample. Equipment was constructed for applying abrasives to specimens at 2500 rpm for five seconds under a load of 145-grams. Pre and post-test surface roughness readings were recorded. Repeated measures ANOVA determined that the …

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