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Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

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Starvation-Induced Alterations In Hepatic Lysine Metabolism In Different Families Of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss), Angela Higgins Dec 2004

Starvation-Induced Alterations In Hepatic Lysine Metabolism In Different Families Of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss), Angela Higgins

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study focused on lysine catabolism by the lysine alpha-ketoglutarate reductase (LKR) pathway in rainbow trout (RBT). Selective breeding based on feed efficiency in 2 strains (A and B) of RBT generated 2 families within each strain. Eight fish from each of the four families were randomly allotted to individual tanks. Fish were fed until satiation for 3 wks at which time four fish within each family were randomly selected for 2 wks of starvation. After the 2 wk starvation, all fish were harvested. Hepatic in-vitro LKR activity and lysine oxidation (LOX) were measured as was LKR mRNA abundance. Strain …

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Biometric Analysis And Aversive Conditioning Of Black Bears In Southern West Virginia, Harley Wayne Weaver Dec 2004

Biometric Analysis And Aversive Conditioning Of Black Bears In Southern West Virginia, Harley Wayne Weaver

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

During 2003, 11 male and 1 female black bear (Ursus americanus) were captured and fitted with radio collars. Individuals were randomly assigned to receive either treatment (n = 6) or control (n = 6). Upon release, treatment individuals received a conditional regimen comprised of rubber buckshot to the flank and a succession of shell crackers. Physical and auditory conditioning techniques we used did not appear to be an effective means of reducing repeat nuisance behavior.;West Virginia Division of Natural Resources (WVDNR) captured 179 (151 males, 28 females) nuisance and 156 (77 males, 79 females) non-nuisance individuals from 1996 to 2003.;We …

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Hematotoxicity Of Heptachlor, Sarah Vanessa Meads Dodson Dec 2004

Hematotoxicity Of Heptachlor, Sarah Vanessa Meads Dodson

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Hematotoxicity has been documented in adults exposed to high levels of organochlorine pesticides. Our studies revealed that prenatal exposure to the organochlorine pesticide heptachlor resulted in alteration of lymphocyte development, while myeloid cell development was spared. To further investigate effects of heptachlor on lymphoid cells, we evaluated direct exposure of this compound on pro-B and pre-B cells. In these studies, the pro-B cell line C1.92 and the pre-B cell line 70Z/3 demonstrated concentration-dependent decreases in proliferation following heptachlor exposure. Pro-B cell viability decreased significantly; however, pre-B cell viability was not altered. Further investigation into mechanisms of diminished cell proliferation revealed …

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Three Essays On The Profitability, Risk, And Viability Of Family Firms In A Developing Economy, Kamol Khaemasunun Dec 2004

Three Essays On The Profitability, Risk, And Viability Of Family Firms In A Developing Economy, Kamol Khaemasunun

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The objective of this dissertation is to examine the family firms in term of profit, risk and the probability of their survival in developing countries. The first chapter gives an introduction to this study. The second chapter provides an analysis of family businesses in regard to their performance, since there have been claims in the popular press that family-centered "crony capitalism" significantly contributed to the Asian financial crisis of 1997. Small, tightly focused firms can, however, be well managed by family hierarchies. As firms grow and diversify, family management is often displaced by diffuse ownership and independent managers. Between these …

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Caregiver Factors Related To Unintentional Burn Injuries In Young Children, Karen E. Joseph Dec 2004

Caregiver Factors Related To Unintentional Burn Injuries In Young Children, Karen E. Joseph

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The main purpose of this study was to examine the contribution of caregiver behavioral versus demographic factors to the prediction of a child burn injury and caregiver safety behavior using a sample of primary caregivers of children (aged 0--5 years) with a burn injury (case participants) or without one (comparison participants). Case participants (n = 30) were recruited from a burn center in the Northeastern United States, whereas comparison participants (n = 30) were recruited from pediatric facilities, balanced to cases by child age, gender, race, and geography, and caregiver socioeconomic and marital status. Measures of demographic and burn information, …

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Pain-Related Acceptance And Physical Impairment In Individuals With Chronic Pain, Kevin E. Vowles Dec 2004

Pain-Related Acceptance And Physical Impairment In Individuals With Chronic Pain, Kevin E. Vowles

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Treatments using acceptance-based approaches have been utilized for a variety of health care concerns with data regarding their application to a chronic pain population recently emerging. These approaches may be particularly suited to chronic pain as they target potentially harmful avoidance and ineffective pain control strategies. Acceptance of chronic pain is related to psychosocial constructs generally (e.g., depression, pain-related anxiety); however, its relation to the overt behavioral variables associated with such states remains unevaluated. The present investigation assessed the specific effects of an acceptance-based versus control-based instructional set on demonstrated physical impairment in 74 individuals with chronic low back pain. …

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Development Of New Protocols To Evaluate The Transverse Loading Of Mine Ventilation Stoppings, Thomas M. Barczak Dec 2004

Development Of New Protocols To Evaluate The Transverse Loading Of Mine Ventilation Stoppings, Thomas M. Barczak

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The transverse loading requirement for stoppings as specified in the current Code of Federal Regulations is 39 psf. This measure is based on physical testing of a freestanding wall in accordance with ASTM E 72 specifications, where the dominant parameter is the tensile strength of the sealant. A new protocol based on rigid arching is proposed to determine the true transverse load capacity of stoppings. Arching is achieved by the restraint of the stopping against the mine roof and floor, whereby compressive forces are developed within the wall. A laboratory procedure using the NIOSH Mine Roof Simulator (MRS) to simulate …

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Visual Basic Time-Space Query Modeling For Geovisualization Of Life Paths, Ryan Heaslip Dec 2004

Visual Basic Time-Space Query Modeling For Geovisualization Of Life Paths, Ryan Heaslip

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The origins and incidence of many health problems are related to geographical circumstances. To be able understanding the underlying contributing factors requires conceptualizing the problem in geographical terms. A temporal dataset of individuals' locations was acquired from an annual census taken in Sweden. A space-time query model was constructed to explore associations between an individual's residential locations for given periods of time to those of other individuals with similar heath, or health related factors. The space-time query model was created in the Visual Basic extension of ArcGIS 8.3. Results were in the form of selections that could be exported into …

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Trace Detection Of Mercury Using Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes, Latha Ramakrishnan Dec 2004

Trace Detection Of Mercury Using Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes, Latha Ramakrishnan

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This Project was undertaken to develop electrochemical techniques using Boron-doped Diamond (BDD) electrodes for the purpose of detecting mercury in solutions in the ppb-ppt range. Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) was used successfully to develop calibration curves for mercury detection in standard solutions in the ppb-ppt range, followed by using these curves for mercury measurements in unknown samples. DPV experiments were performed in nitrate, thiocyanate and chloride media. Investigation in the chloride medium is important since practical samples always contain chloride impurities. The formation of calomel in chloride medium is avoided on the BDD surface by the co-deposition of 3ppm of …

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Managing Classroom Behavior Of Head Start Children Using Response Cost And Token Economy Procedures, Jennifer D. Tiano Dec 2004

Managing Classroom Behavior Of Head Start Children Using Response Cost And Token Economy Procedures, Jennifer D. Tiano

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The efficacy of three behavior management techniques used in a Head Start classroom was examined. The three techniques included: (a) techniques currently used by the teacher, (b) response cost, and (c) the Level System (token economy). The current study used an ABACA single subject withdrawal design with follow-up where all conditions were implemented until stability was reached. Classroom behavior was evaluated by both behavioral observation and teacher report. Children's behavior, teacher skill, number of time-outs, and satisfaction with behavior management techniques (i.e., teacher, parent, and child) were examined. No conclusions could be made concerning the efficacy (i.e., inappropriate behavior, class …

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Multispectral Segmentation Of Whole-Brain Mri, Nitya Krishnan Dec 2004

Multispectral Segmentation Of Whole-Brain Mri, Nitya Krishnan

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a widely used medical technology for diagnosis and detection of various tissue abnormalities, tumor detection, and in evaluation of either residual or recurrent tumors. This thesis work exploits MRI information acquired on brain tumor structure and physiological properties and uses a novel image segmentation technique to better delineate tissue differences.;MR image segmentation will be important in distinguishing between boundaries of different tissues in the brain. A segmentation software tool was developed that combines the different types of clinical MR images and presents them as a single colored image. This technique is based on the fuzzy …

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Geotechnical Investigation Of Montrose Wetland Site, Christopher R. Ryan Dec 2004

Geotechnical Investigation Of Montrose Wetland Site, Christopher R. Ryan

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this investigation is to obtain the geotechnical characteristics of the site and to aid in the creation of a proposed engineered wetland at Montrose, West Virginia. The tests performed in the laboratory to obtain the soil properties were: water content, Atterberg limits (liquid and plastic limits), grain size (sieve analysis and hydrometer), specific gravity, field density, and hydraulic conductivity. Tests were performed on soil samples taken from the site during installation of monitoring wells. Results from tests were used in the classification of soil. Additional samples were reconstructed to determine the permeability of the soil. These tests …

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Honeycomb Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Sandwich Composites For Development Of Aquaculture Raceway Systems, Avinash Vantaram Aug 2004

Honeycomb Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Sandwich Composites For Development Of Aquaculture Raceway Systems, Avinash Vantaram

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

It is argued that the utilization of impaired mine waters abundant in WV and other mid-Appalachian states for fish culture can substantially increase aquaculture economic development. The primary limitation to the effective utilization of discharged waters is the lack of suitable fish culture tanks that can be easily installed in rugged terrains surrounding mine water treatment plants, where cast-in-place concrete tanks cannot be constructed. Therefore, Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) sandwich materials offer an economical option for production of light, transportable and durable fish culture raceway systems. This study is concerned with the development and evaluation of prototype fish culture tanks using …

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Effect Of Contextual Variables On Mealtime Problem Behavior In The Natural Environment, Ellen J. Mccartney Aug 2004

Effect Of Contextual Variables On Mealtime Problem Behavior In The Natural Environment, Ellen J. Mccartney

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

A growing body of research suggests that contingency-based interventions are effective for decreasing mealtime problem behavior and increasing the amount and variety of food accepted. To date, two published studies have examined the effects of specific contextual variables (food type and texture or session pre-feeding) on mealtime behavior. Research with problem behavior occurring outside of mealtime suggests that problem behavior may often be under the control of contextual or contextual variables. The purpose of this study was to further evaluate the effect of contextual variables on mealtime behavior. Four children and their caregivers served as participants in both Phases 1 …

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Local And Regional Impairment Of Fish Assemblages In A Mined Appalachian Watershed, Jason Gregory Freund Aug 2004

Local And Regional Impairment Of Fish Assemblages In A Mined Appalachian Watershed, Jason Gregory Freund

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

I used the Cheat River watershed, West Virginia, as a model system to examine the regional impacts of extensive localized stream impairment. Acid mine drainage (AMD) in the Cheat River watershed provided a unique opportunity to test the hypothesis that regional biological condition can be impacted through multiple local sources of degradation. Acid mine drainage is the result of the interaction among pyrite-rich coal, oxygen, and water. This interaction produces a solution that is generally low in pH and buffering capacity and high in heavy metals and sulfate and is toxic to aquatic life. Acid mine drainage also has the …

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Influence Of Rearrangement Of Actin Cytoskeleton On The Overall Material Properties Of Atdc5 Cells During Chondrogenesis, Madhavi V. S. Ayyalasomayajula Aug 2004

Influence Of Rearrangement Of Actin Cytoskeleton On The Overall Material Properties Of Atdc5 Cells During Chondrogenesis, Madhavi V. S. Ayyalasomayajula

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Studies show that when chondrocytes are cultured in 2D, they lose their phenotype. This change is reversed when the cells are embedded in a 3D culture system such as in agarose gel. Previous experiments in our lab showed that when prechodrocytic cells were embedded in agarose, chondrogenesis was triggered in these cells. This work attempts to understand the mechanical implications of this behavior. It also provides an estimate of the sensitivity of the apparatus that would be required to carry out compression loading experiments of gel-cell constructs that can distinguish between pre-chondrocytes and chondrocytes.;ATDC5 cells were cultured in 3D for …

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Stereotypical Perceptions Of The Communication Behaviors Of Gay Males, Daniel W. Brewster Aug 2004

Stereotypical Perceptions Of The Communication Behaviors Of Gay Males, Daniel W. Brewster

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study examined the stereotypical communication behaviors of gay males. The study examined the associations of assertiveness, responsiveness, homonegativity and biological sex. Participants were 359 (195 men, 164 women) students. Participants provided responses to questions about verbal and nonverbal behaviors for known gay individuals and individuals perceived to be gay. The participants then completed the Assertiveness-Responsiveness Measure (Richmond & McCroskey, 1990) in a self-report and observer-report, and the Modern Homonegativity Scale (Morrison & Morrison, 2002). Results indicated some of the more predominant responses to verbal and nonverbal behaviors are inconsistent with the prevalent societal perceptions of homosexuality. Significant associations between …

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Effects Of Various Phytase Concentrations In Diets With Low-Phytate Corn On Broiler Chick Performance And Metabolism, Nicole J. Baker Aug 2004

Effects Of Various Phytase Concentrations In Diets With Low-Phytate Corn On Broiler Chick Performance And Metabolism, Nicole J. Baker

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Research indicates a reduction of phosphorus content in fecal excreta with the supplementation of phytase to corn-soybean meal based diets or with the use of low phytate corn (LPC) in broilers. This study examined how 0--3 wk broiler chicks are impacted by concomitant phytase supplementation with LPC (0.136% phytate phosphorus (PP) by analysis) in the diet. Various levels of phytase from either 2500 or 5000 FYT/g of Peniophora lycii phytase product were used as experimental treatments. Efficacy of treatments was determined using a response curve created with increasing levels of monocalcium phosphate. Following a 6-day pretest, 576 broiler chicks were …

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Influence Of A Three-Week Wildlife Education Curriculum On Knowledge And Attitudes Of South Carolina's Marlboro County High School Ninth And Tenth-Grade Biology Students, Diane M. Krishon Aug 2004

Influence Of A Three-Week Wildlife Education Curriculum On Knowledge And Attitudes Of South Carolina's Marlboro County High School Ninth And Tenth-Grade Biology Students, Diane M. Krishon

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of a three-week wildlife education curriculum on knowledge and attitudes of ninth and tenth-grade biology students in South Carolina. A three-week wildlife curriculum was incorporated into three high school biology classes in the same semester. The students were pre-tested and post-tested for knowledge and attitudes. The results indicate that the three-week curriculum had a positive influence on knowledge but did not influence wildlife attitudes. However, a substantial correlation occurred between the post-test attitude and knowledge scores, indicating that as students' knowledge increased, their attitudes towards wildlife and environmental education became …

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Demography And Genetic Structure Of An Allegheny Woodrat Population In Northcentral West Virginia, Mary Elizabeth Manjerovic Aug 2004

Demography And Genetic Structure Of An Allegheny Woodrat Population In Northcentral West Virginia, Mary Elizabeth Manjerovic

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The Allegheny woodrat (Neotoma magister) occurs throughout the Appalachian Mountains forming isolated colonies in rock outcrops, cliffs, and caves. In the past 20--30 years, populations along the northern and western peripheries of the range have experienced drastic declines. There have been suggested reasons for this decline but a lack of long-term data has prevented application of specific management actions. In recent years, there has been more insight into population structure, gene flow, and relatedness among colonies. The objectives of my study were to examine these factors at a localized level to further assist with future management decisions.;Using data collected over …

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Sources And Ecological Consequences Of Deposited And Suspended Sediments In Small Tributaries Of The Upper Elk River Watershed, West Virginia, Cynthia Louise Sanders Aug 2004

Sources And Ecological Consequences Of Deposited And Suspended Sediments In Small Tributaries Of The Upper Elk River Watershed, West Virginia, Cynthia Louise Sanders

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Deposited and suspended sediments were sampled in small tributaries of the upper Elk River watershed to determine if differences exist in sediment transport and deposition based on land management activities of low disturbance, development, or timber harvesting. Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis ) were sampled to determine if a negative relationship existed between populations and deposited or suspended sediments. There were no significant relationships in deposited sediments among land use yet timber harvest and developed lands had significantly higher transported sediments than low disturbance lands. There were no significant relationships between brook trout populations and deposited sediments. However, a slight negative …

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Recruitment Strategies Used By High School Agriculture Education Teachers In West Virginia, Danny R. Dewhurst Aug 2004

Recruitment Strategies Used By High School Agriculture Education Teachers In West Virginia, Danny R. Dewhurst

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Recruitment is the act of enrolling new members as well as keeping current levels of members or students. Questionnaires were sent to all agricultural education teachers in West Virginia to determine what strategies were being used to maintain and increase enrollment in agriculture education programs throughout West Virginia. The first questionnaire was sent to 97 agricultural education teachers asking them to list recruiting activities that they used to promote their programs. A second questionnaire was sent asking them to rate the effectiveness of recruitment activities they have participated in over the past four (4) years. Forty-six secondary agricultural education teachers …

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Effect Of Grain Particle Size, Feed Form And Pellet Texture On Broiler Performance, Carcass Quality, True Metabolizable Energy, Feed Passage Time And Preference, Amy S. Parsons Aug 2004

Effect Of Grain Particle Size, Feed Form And Pellet Texture On Broiler Performance, Carcass Quality, True Metabolizable Energy, Feed Passage Time And Preference, Amy S. Parsons

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Treatments consisted of five mash diets (781 microns, 950 microns, 1,042 microns, 1,109 microns, 2,242 microns) and two pelleted diets (water (soft) and binder (hard) inclusion). Water and binder addition produced similar pellet durability (90.4% and 86.2% respectively) and fines (44.5% and 40.3% respectively).;Broilers fed mash diets exhibited decreased live weight gain and breast yield with increased gizzard, compared to broilers fed pelleted diets. As diet particle size increased, feed intake and gizzard yield increased and feed efficiency decreased. Broiler true metabolizable energy increased then decreased when diet particle size increased. Hard pellets increased live weight gain. Fines of the …

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Epidemiological Burden Of Depression And Its Impact On Adherence To Oral Hypoglycemic Agents And Related Economic Outcomes In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes, Iftekhar D. Kalsekar Aug 2004

Epidemiological Burden Of Depression And Its Impact On Adherence To Oral Hypoglycemic Agents And Related Economic Outcomes In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes, Iftekhar D. Kalsekar

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Presence of depression in patients with type 2 diabetes may affect their adherence to oral hypoglycemics and consequently glycemic control and economic outcomes. These potential effects may be more significant when one considers that depression is highly prevalent in patients with diabetes. This study involved two phases. Phase one of the study examined the epidemiological relationship between depression and type 2 diabetes. Phase two of the study examined the impact of depression on patterns of use and adherence to oral hypoglycemics in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients. Impact of depression on expenditures related to type 2 diabetes and overall …

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Three Essays On Spatial Spillovers Of Highway Investment And Regional Growth, Samia Islam Aug 2004

Three Essays On Spatial Spillovers Of Highway Investment And Regional Growth, Samia Islam

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The impact of transportation infrastructure on regional employment can be reflected through changes in the accessibility of the region affected. A certain region may benefit from the positive externalities associated with a public works project even though the facilities are located in another region. The extent of these spillovers can be determined by using a measure of proximity to highway infrastructure in a model of employment. The first essay in this dissertation examines the distance decay in employment growth and the spatial spillovers of highway investment in the 411-county Appalachian region. Although distance decay in employment is not evident after …

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Predictability Of Equity Returns And Conditional Asset Pricing, Ou Hu Aug 2004

Predictability Of Equity Returns And Conditional Asset Pricing, Ou Hu

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In this dissertation, I investigate the applicability of some asset-pricing models by exploiting the predictive power of structural variables and accommodate the characteristic of predictability of stock returns in a theoretical conditional asset-pricing framework.;In the first chapter of the dissertation, I briefly review the relevant literature on the predictability of stock returns, and discuss the motivations for my research, and finally present my contributions to the existing literature while providing some discussions for future research. Chapter 2 examines the ability of the Fama-French three-factor model and the CAPM in estimating portfolios' returns. Instead of using historical average of risk premiums …

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Three Essays On Trade And *Development, Abhra Roy Aug 2004

Three Essays On Trade And *Development, Abhra Roy

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In the first essay of this dissertation, we analyze the role of education subsidies on child labor in a situation where parents choose the quantity of children to have as well as their educational attainment. We find that lump sum education subsidies may increase (decrease) the equilibrium level of education and child labor depending on whether parents attach more weight on education (quality) or on school enrollment. Marginal education subsidies, in general, have the exact opposite effect. Some authors have found that a rise in the cost of schooling decreases child labor in some countries while increasing it in others. …

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Operant Conditioning In Older Adults With Alzheimer's Disease, Adam P. Spira Aug 2004

Operant Conditioning In Older Adults With Alzheimer's Disease, Adam P. Spira

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Behavioral interventions are commonly implemented to manage agitation in older adults with dementia. However, the extent to which operant conditioning can occur in this population is unclear. The present study used a button-pressing task to evaluate the sensitivity of the responding of individuals with probable Alzheimer's disease to changes in schedules of reinforcement. Results indicate that operant conditioning can occur in older adults with AD. Specifically, three participants with AD exhibited responding that was highly sensitive to a transition from a fixed interval schedule to an extinction schedule. One participant's responding was sensitive to a more subtle transition. Comparison data …

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Reduction Of Natural Gas Engine Emissions Using A Novel Aftertreatment System, Timothy S. Burlingame Aug 2004

Reduction Of Natural Gas Engine Emissions Using A Novel Aftertreatment System, Timothy S. Burlingame

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The global objective of this study was to develop an exhaust aftertreatment system to reduce gaseous and particulate matter emissions from natural gas fueled vehicles. Specific objectives of this study were to evaluate and characterize emissions from a natural gas fueled vehicle powered by a Cummins C8.3G+ engine with and without the particulate matter (PM) filter and oxidation catalyst (OC) combination, which was designed and developed by West Virginia University in collaboration with Lubrizol-ECS. Central Business District (CBD) Cycle tests were performed on West Virginia University's Transportable Emissions Testing Laboratory. A heavy-duty transportable chassis dynamometer and a dedicated "clean" dilution …

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Particle Breakage In Sand Blasting Due To Impact On Ductile Materials, Ravi Kishore Bandaru Aug 2004

Particle Breakage In Sand Blasting Due To Impact On Ductile Materials, Ravi Kishore Bandaru

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Cleaning of rust, paint or removing burrs and many other such applications are done by several processes. Sand blasting is one of them, where a stream of sand particles is forcefully projected onto a surface, with compressed air or steam. These sand particles break up into very small pieces upon impact, which are inhaled by workers to cause silicosis. While much research has been done on the surface being impacted, very little research has been done on the particle itself. Hence, proper analytical modeling of the sand blasting process from the particle perspective, validated by experimental results, is required to …

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