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The Effect Of Multiple Usages Of Nickel-Titanium Rotary Endodontic Files On Cutting Efficiency, Albert L. Tomsic Jr. May 2009

The Effect Of Multiple Usages Of Nickel-Titanium Rotary Endodontic Files On Cutting Efficiency, Albert L. Tomsic Jr.

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Nickel-titanium rotary (NTR) files have been used in endodontic therapy to efficiently clean and shape root canals since the early 1990's. These files are the single most expensive disposable clinical supply used in non-surgical endodontics. When NTR files are new, they are being used in their sharpest state, with the least probability of breaking and their highest cutting efficiency (CE). As they are used in successive cases in order to contain clinical expenses, an increased risk of file separation occurs, possibly along with a decreased CE.;The purpose of this study was to determine the measurable changes in CE of NTR …

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Predictors Of Anticipated Parenting Efficacy In Younger Adults, Danielle K. Tomczewski May 2009

Predictors Of Anticipated Parenting Efficacy In Younger Adults, Danielle K. Tomczewski

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Prior research has indicated that anticipated parenting efficacy, the degree to which individuals perceive that they will be an effective parent, predicts their later parenting competency (Coleman et al., 2002; Teti & Gelfand, 1991). Although additional correlates of parenting efficacy have been identified, such as knowledge of childhood development (Conrad, Gross, Fogg, & Ruchala, 1992) and prior contact with children (Coleman & Karraker, 2000; Williams et al., 1987), little research has examined the predictors of anticipated parenting efficacy. The current study examined anticipated parenting efficacy in a sample of 481 younger adults. Participants completed self-administered on-line surveys related to their …

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The Introduction Of Forgiveness Into A Path Analytical Model Of The Association Between Parental Divorce And Adult Attachment, Amanda L. Wheat May 2009

The Introduction Of Forgiveness Into A Path Analytical Model Of The Association Between Parental Divorce And Adult Attachment, Amanda L. Wheat

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Several factors (i.e., parental divorce, parent-child relationship quality, interparental conflict, individual forgiveness) that have been investigated separately in relation to adult romantic attachment were examined alongside family forgiveness, which has not previously explored in relation to attachment. Undergraduate students (N = 299) completed several surveys online for the current study. Several significant findings emerged when factors were considered in path models individually, and in an overall path model built on the basis of those individual model findings. Maternal and paternal social support, maternal negative interactions, and family forgiveness were moderators of parental divorce---romantic attachment relations. Based upon these findings, it …

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Asymmetric Synthesis Of Sl0101, Cyclitol And Jadomycin, Mingde Shan May 2009

Asymmetric Synthesis Of Sl0101, Cyclitol And Jadomycin, Mingde Shan

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The carbohydrate portion of natural products plays a crucial role in biology, such as target binding, solubility, tissue targeting, and membrane transportation. The O'Doherty group has developed a de novo methodology to build the desired functionality and stereochemistry within each sugar, in contrast to the traditional approach using known carbohydrates as starting materials. This methodology relies on a highly diastereoselective palladium(0)-catalyzed glycosylation reaction to control the stereochemistry at the anomeric center and post-glycosylation transformation to introduce the corresponding functionality in the sugar moiety.;Continuing our investigations on the utility of this strategy, we turned our attention to the syntheses of the …

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The Effects Of Active Living Every Day Online On Physical Activity, Amy M. Sidwell May 2009

The Effects Of Active Living Every Day Online On Physical Activity, Amy M. Sidwell

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a 14-week intervention based on Active Living Every Day (ALED) Online. Outcomes of the 14-week online program and the process of delivering the program were analyzed. Outcome considerations included: whether ALED Online increased physical activity among participants (as measured through step counts), whether physiological changes (cholesterol and body mass index) were apparent throughout the intervention, and whether participants progressed or regressed through the Stages of Change (SOC). Process measures included examining the nature of retention of participants in the program and the quality of participants' responses to the "Life …

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The Content, Nature, And Ethics Of Pastoral Counseling By West Virginia Baptist Ministers, Nancy Landis-Taylor May 2009

The Content, Nature, And Ethics Of Pastoral Counseling By West Virginia Baptist Ministers, Nancy Landis-Taylor

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

While there is considerable literature available on pastors and the ministry and much writing concerning therapists and secular counseling as well as pastoral counseling, very little has been written concerning counseling by pastors without professional counseling training. This neglected area of research is unfortunate considering many pastors are considered or required to be counselors by their churches and denominations. In addition, there is minimal training in pastoral counseling in most seminaries, leaving many pastors to assume a role for which they may be unprepared. This exploratory study used a self-report instrument specifically developed for this research endeavor to collect information …

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Effects Of Aging And Exercise Training On Enos Uncoupling And Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling In The Endothelium Of Skeletal Muscle Arterioles, Amy L. Sindler May 2009

Effects Of Aging And Exercise Training On Enos Uncoupling And Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling In The Endothelium Of Skeletal Muscle Arterioles, Amy L. Sindler

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of the first study was to determine the effects of aging and exercise training on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling in skeletal muscle arterioles. The results of this study confirmed our previous findings that aging impairs endothelium-dependent, NO-mediated vasodilation and tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) levels in rat skeletal muscle arterioles. Limited availability of BH4, as observed in old sedentary rats, may contribute to eNOS uncoupling, which decreases NO signaling and increases eNOS-derived O2- generation. Exercise training restored BH4 levels and improved flow-induced NO production in arterioles from aged rats. Furthermore, exercise training increased both NO and reactive oxygen species …

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Elemental Speciation Using Pulsed Glow Discharge Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry, Na Zhang May 2009

Elemental Speciation Using Pulsed Glow Discharge Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry, Na Zhang

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Elemental speciation analysis is very important because the toxicity of the elements is dependent on their chemical structures. The coupling of Gas Chromatography (GC) with pulsed Glow Discharge Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (GDToFMS) provides real time speciation of volatile organic selenium compounds. The millisecond pulsed glow discharge is a versatile ion source for the determination of elemental composition, molecular structure, and molecular identification. The utility of this ion source to monitor a mixture of the selenium compounds dimethyl selenide (DMeSe) and dimethyl diselenide (DMeDSe) is illustrated in this work. Following the separation by GC, the compounds are readily characterized by pulsed …

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Determination Of The Range Of Safe-Comfortable Lifting Postures Using The Aesthetic Ergonomics Theory, Nicolas F. Salazar May 2009

Determination Of The Range Of Safe-Comfortable Lifting Postures Using The Aesthetic Ergonomics Theory, Nicolas F. Salazar

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Past research indicates that, in general, individuals performing material handling tasks tend to underestimate lower back stress, i.e. L5/S1 disk compression, adopting free style lifting postures that often results a greater biomechanical stress in the lower back, increasing their potential risk of developing low back injuries in the short, mid and long terms.;The main objective of this research was to identify within theoretically safe workstation layouts, the subgroup of layouts that would lead workers to adopt cognitively comfortable and at the same time physically safe lifting postures. This research objective was achieved through the use of the Aesthetic Ergonomics Dual …

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How Influential Are They? The Role Of Parents, Social Support, Attachment, And Autonomy In College Students' Likelihood To Experience Social Anxiety, Andrea M. Jones May 2009

How Influential Are They? The Role Of Parents, Social Support, Attachment, And Autonomy In College Students' Likelihood To Experience Social Anxiety, Andrea M. Jones

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Previous research has found that parental control predicts social anxiety and is moderated by parental proximity, as measured by the amount of contact one has with their parent; however there have been no studies examining how levels of parental proximity may change over the course of a young adult's life. The purpose of the current study was to examine how variables previously associated with social anxiety change across a semester of college. The current study examined parental proximity, autonomy, social support and social anxiety at three points across the semester. Thirty-nine undergraduate students at West Virginia University participated in the …

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Gourd'geous, A. Noel Slowikowski May 2009

Gourd'geous, A. Noel Slowikowski

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Finding a voice to articulate my passion for making utilitarian pottery has been the central focus of my graduate studies. As a ceramic artist, I strive to make work that celebrates clay's tactile qualities, history, environmental responsiveness, and beauty. My research involved investigating different clay processes, fabrication methods, glazes, and contemporary/historical influences. The end result is a body of work that expresses a balanced blending of clay, nature, and history.

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Electronic Clinic Journaling: The Use Of Weblogs To Support Evidence -Based Practice In Doctor Of Audiology Students, Gayle B. Neldon May 2009

Electronic Clinic Journaling: The Use Of Weblogs To Support Evidence -Based Practice In Doctor Of Audiology Students, Gayle B. Neldon

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Evidence-based practice (EBP) is a strategy for the provision of high quality health care. The use of journals to document clinical experiences and reflection has been used in speech-language pathology as well as nursing and psychology. This study uses qualitative analysis to study what AuD students learn about evidence-based practice from writing and reading clinic Weblogs, as well as to investigate AuD students' reactions to writing and reading these Weblogs and evidence-based practice as they have experienced it. The value of sharing evidence supporting clinical practice via electronic clinic journals in the form of Weblogs among peers was explored. Analysis …

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Assessment Of The Perceptions Of Principals About School Performance In West Virginia, Connie L. Myer May 2009

Assessment Of The Perceptions Of Principals About School Performance In West Virginia, Connie L. Myer

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study compares the perceptions of two groups of West Virginia school principals about the performance of their schools. Six hundred principals were sent an online, 70-item survey instrument aligned with the seven domains of the state's Framework for High-Performing Schools. Of the total 600 principals in the study, half had attended the West Virginia Institute for 21st-Century Leadership, and the other half had not. Both the parametric t-test and the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U were used to determine if there was a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the two groups of principals. The results show a noteworthy …

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Agent Based Modeling Of Power Distribution Systems, Sridhar Chouhan May 2009

Agent Based Modeling Of Power Distribution Systems, Sridhar Chouhan

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The electric power system is a very vast network and becoming more complex each day. The traditional vertically monopolistic structure has been deregulated and replaced by gencos, transcos and, discos; increasing the power system intricacy. During the past few decades there has been remarkable development in software and hardware technologies for the analysis and design activities in power system planning, operation, and control. However, much still depends on the judgment of human experts. A single fault in power system can lead to multiple faults and can collapse the whole system. Power System needs a more decentralized control mechanism for solving …

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The Effect Of Parent Education On The Home Food Environment For Overweight Adolescents In West Virginia, Kimberly N. Fisher May 2009

The Effect Of Parent Education On The Home Food Environment For Overweight Adolescents In West Virginia, Kimberly N. Fisher

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study is a pre and post-intervention study examining family involvement and healthy food behaviors prior to and three month post nutrition education. The intervention was conducted as part of a residential summer camp for overweight adolescents in West Virginia. Twenty-one parents were included, one parent per camper. The intervention included nine hours of nutritional instructional time consisting of lectures, PowerPoint presentations, and a grocery store tour. Data were measured to determine occurrence of positive changes within the home environment of these families. Parent education sessions were evaluated. A factor analysis and independent samples t test were used respectively to …

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State Supervisors Roles In Agricultural Education Curriculum: A National Study, Becky L. Ridgeway May 2009

State Supervisors Roles In Agricultural Education Curriculum: A National Study, Becky L. Ridgeway

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to examine state supervisors roles in agricultural education curriculum. A census survey, plus Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands were used to collect data for this study. The population included all head state supervisors employed during the spring of 2009. Of the 52 surveys sent out 36 were returned (69%). The study found that responsibility for developing and communicating career development events (CDE) and information varied by state, with the head state supervisor, executive secretary, state supervisor with FFA responsibilities or university faculty managing the events. State supervisors identified email, listserv (group email), telephone calls, …

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Development Of An On-Board Compressed Gas Storage System For Hydrogen Powered Vehicle Applications, Thomas H. Evans Jan 2009

Development Of An On-Board Compressed Gas Storage System For Hydrogen Powered Vehicle Applications, Thomas H. Evans

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The hydrogen economy envisioned in the future requires safe and efficient means of storing hydrogen fuel for either use on-board vehicles, delivery on mobile transportation systems or high-volume storage in stationary systems. Leading edge technologies are currently under development for storing hydrogen safely and efficiently on-board vehicles in the form of either compressed gas (CGH2), cryogenic liquid (LH2), or solid matter (SSH2). The main emphasis of this work is placed on the high pressure storing of gaseous hydrogen on-board vehicles.;As a result of its very low density, hydrogen gas has to be stored under very high pressure, ranging from 35 …

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Effect Of Well Configurations On Productivity Index Of Gas Well Producing From Shale, Emaadeldein Abdullaay Jan 2009

Effect Of Well Configurations On Productivity Index Of Gas Well Producing From Shale, Emaadeldein Abdullaay

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study investigates the effect of various well configurations (designs) and their impact on the productivity index of shale gas wells. Five different well configurations (Multilateral wells) are compared with a single horizontal well, which is taken as a base case (BC). Both the base case and the different well configurations have the same drainage area, the initial gas in place and the total lateral lengths are equal. The data to calculate the productivity index and the modeling for the different well designs are obtained from reservoir simulation. The different flow regimes of each well configuration have been studied to …

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The Perception Of Novice Approved Clinical Instructors On Their Preparedness As Clinical Educators, Amanda-Jean Hart Jan 2009

The Perception Of Novice Approved Clinical Instructors On Their Preparedness As Clinical Educators, Amanda-Jean Hart

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Context. Approved Clinical Instructor (ACI) training is an important step in becoming a clinical educator within the field of athletic training, yet research with regards to the effectiveness of this training for certified athletic trainers (ATCs) is lacking. Furthermore, the perception of novice ACIs, who are being increasingly utilized as clinical educators within athletic training programs, on their preparedness to serve in that role has not been extensively researched. Objective. The purpose of this study was to determine novice ACIs' perceptions of their preparedness to teach, supervise and evaluate athletic training students (ATS) after they have completed the ACI training …

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Insomnia Symptoms, Nightmares And Suicidal Ideation In A University Sample, Michael R. Nadorff Jan 2009

Insomnia Symptoms, Nightmares And Suicidal Ideation In A University Sample, Michael R. Nadorff

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Previous research has demonstrated a link between insomnia symptoms, nightmares, and suicidal ideation. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether insomnia symptoms and nightmares were related to suicidal ideation independent of each other. Further, the study aimed to determine whether suicidal ideation and nightmares were related with suicidal ideation independent of the symptoms of anxiety, depression, and PTSD. The study consisted of 583 undergraduate students at West Virginia University. Results indicated that both nightmares (beta = .054 (SE = .008), p > .01) and insomnia symptoms (beta = .045 (SE = .009), p > .01) were related to suicidal ideation, …

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Encouraging Testicular Self-Examination Behaviors In College Males: Examining The Role Of Fear Appeals In Protection Motivation Theory, Cara L. Slider Jan 2009

Encouraging Testicular Self-Examination Behaviors In College Males: Examining The Role Of Fear Appeals In Protection Motivation Theory, Cara L. Slider

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Testicular cancer is the most common cancer occurring in males between the ages of 15 & 35. Although testicular cancer holds a survival rate of 99% when detected and treated early, prior research shows most males do not perform regular testicular self-examinations. This research examined the role of fear appeals in the revised protection motivation theory (PMT) model to predict the performance of testicular self-examination behaviors in college males. An experiment was conducted among a convenience sample of 156 (N = 156) males enrolled in a state university. All males answered a set of questions measuring their threat appraisal concerning …

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The Implementation Of The Framework Of 21st Century Schools: A Comparison Of Two Rural, West Virginia High Schools., Cynthia Phillips Kolsun Jan 2009

The Implementation Of The Framework Of 21st Century Schools: A Comparison Of Two Rural, West Virginia High Schools., Cynthia Phillips Kolsun

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

While prior research exists that high schools need to make changes to meet the needs of the students of the 21st Century, no research exists from the perspective of the teacher who must implement the changes. This qualitative study provides a comparison of two rural model 21st Century high schools in West Virginia, both members of the High Schools That Work network, and factors that impacted their initial benchmarking of 21st Century through a cross case analysis. The purpose of this study was to add to the body of knowledge concerning the factors that affecting the West Virginia framework of …

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Effects Of Age And Polyploidy On Growth, Composition, Fatty Acids, And Egg Development In Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus Mykiss., Meghan Lynn Manor Jan 2009

Effects Of Age And Polyploidy On Growth, Composition, Fatty Acids, And Egg Development In Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus Mykiss., Meghan Lynn Manor

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Egg development (vitellogenesis) is a dominant physiological process that alters growth efficiency and compromises muscle quality in some species. Lipid mobilization from fat stores supplies energy required for this process. To study the effect of vitellogenesis on lipid mobilization, triploid (3N; sterile) and diploid (2N; fertile) rainbow trout females were derived from two families (70 and 71). Fish growth, egg development, proximate composition, and fatty acid composition of muscle, liver, visceral fat, and gonads were determined from July 2008 to March 2009. There were no differences in growth measurements (whole body weight, length, condition factor, eviscerated body weight, and empty …

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The Omega-3 Fatty Acid Content Of Krill Protein Concentrate Influences Bioavailability, Tissue Deposition, Peroxidation, And Metabolism In Young Rats, Kayla Marie Bridges Jan 2009

The Omega-3 Fatty Acid Content Of Krill Protein Concentrate Influences Bioavailability, Tissue Deposition, Peroxidation, And Metabolism In Young Rats, Kayla Marie Bridges

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Objective. Krill protein concentrate (KPC) has been determined to be a high quality protein for human consumption with the advantage of being a rich source of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (o-3 PUFAs), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The o-3 PUFAs in krill are mainly associated with phospholipids, which have been proposed to result in high incorporation of o-3 PUFAs into tissues and to be stable against oxidation. The study objective was to determine bioavailability, tissue deposition, peroxidation, and metabolism of o-3 PUFAs in rats fed KPC.;Methods. Young female Sprague-Dawley rats (n=10/group) were fed ad libitum isocaloric diets …

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Ergot Alkaloid Biosynthesis In Aspergillus Fumigatus : Association With Sporulation And Clustered Genes Common Among Ergot Fungi, Christine M. Coyle Jan 2009

Ergot Alkaloid Biosynthesis In Aspergillus Fumigatus : Association With Sporulation And Clustered Genes Common Among Ergot Fungi, Christine M. Coyle

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Ergot alkaloids, indole-derived mycotoxins, interact with multiple monoamine neurotransmitter receptors and cause disease in exposed individuals. They have been well studied in the ergot fungus, Claviceps purpurea, and have been reported in some closely related grass endophytes, as well as the distantly related opportunistic human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. A. fumigatus, which sporulates prolifically, produces clavines, specifically festuclavine and fumigaclavines A, B, and C in association with asexual spores and the total mass of alkaloids constitutes over 1% of the spore mass. These alkaloids differ from those of most clavicipitaceous fungi, which consist of different clavines and often more complex lysergic …

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Conditioned Reinforcing Value Of The Sample Stimulus And Resistance To Change Of Delayed Matching -To -Sample Performance In Pigeons, Yusuke Hayashi Jan 2009

Conditioned Reinforcing Value Of The Sample Stimulus And Resistance To Change Of Delayed Matching -To -Sample Performance In Pigeons, Yusuke Hayashi

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Pigeons were trained on a two-component multiple schedule with a chain schedule in each component. According to a variable-interval schedule in the initial link, pecks on a center key produced a terminal link with a delayed matching-to-sample trial. A trial began with the onset of a red or green (Experiment 1) or green or blue (Experiment 2) light as a sample stimulus on the center key. The sample stimulus was followed by a retention interval during which all keys were dark, and then by comparison stimuli on the side keys. A response to the comparison stimulus that matched the sample …

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When Two Become One: Marital Couples' Public Performances And Couple Identity, Carrie D. Kennedy-Lightsey Jan 2009

When Two Become One: Marital Couples' Public Performances And Couple Identity, Carrie D. Kennedy-Lightsey

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Communication researchers know little about marital couples' public performances, or how marital couples communicate as a nonsummative whole when in the presence of important others (e.g., friends, family, co-workers). Two studies were conducted to examine marital couples' public performances from a Communication Theory of Identity (CTI) (Hecht, 1993) framework. In the first study, 153 marital couples completed self-report measures to assess how marital couples' attachment styles and relationship awareness are related to identity gaps during public performances as well as how identity gaps relate to a variety of outcomes including communication satisfaction, feelings of being understood, conversational appropriateness, relationship satisfaction, …

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Random Knn Modeling And Variable Selection For High Dimensional Data, Shengqiao Li Jan 2009

Random Knn Modeling And Variable Selection For High Dimensional Data, Shengqiao Li

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

High dimensional data is widely available in bioinformatics, chemometrics and other applications. For example, in gene expression experiments, tens of thousands of genes are probed. Phenotype data may be clinical data such as tumor types, or quantities measuring biological characteristics of a subject. While such high dimensional data can be readily generated, successful analysis and modeling of these data is highly challenging.;Random KNN, as proposed in this dissertation, is a novel generalization of traditional nearest-neighbor modeling. Random KNN consists of an ensemble of base k nearest-neighbor models, each taking a random subset of the input variables. A theoretical and empirical …

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Character Education As Perceived And Implemented By Selected Middle School Teachers Of One Rural County In West Virginia, Lisa D. Lucas Jan 2009

Character Education As Perceived And Implemented By Selected Middle School Teachers Of One Rural County In West Virginia, Lisa D. Lucas

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This qualitative phenomenological study examined selected middle school teachers' perceptions of character education in one rural county in northwestern West Virginia. It investigated how they think about and implement character education, what they consider to be obstacles that interfere with the teaching of character education, as well as factors that may foster delivery. Research questions include: (1) What are selected middle school public school teachers' perceptions of character education in terms of how do teachers define character education? How important is character education? (2) How do selected middle school teachers implement character education? (3) What fosters and inhibits the implementation …

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Choice Between Schedules Of Reinforcement With And Without Response-Pacing Requirements, Leigh Schrimpf Jan 2009

Choice Between Schedules Of Reinforcement With And Without Response-Pacing Requirements, Leigh Schrimpf

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate (DRL) and differential-reinforcement-of-high-rate (DRH) schedules specify a certain pace of responding eligible for reinforcement. The present study assessed the value of a paced schedule of reinforcement using a concurrent-chains schedule. Pigeon's pecks on the left and right initial-link keys led to one of two terminal-link VI 60-s schedules, programmed on the center key. Completion of a terminal-link schedule always led to access to grain. The value of a terminal-link schedule was measured by the initial-link choice proportions. In the baseline, pecks on either initial-link key produced access to one of two unpaced terminal-link schedules every 60 s, on average. …

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