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Examining The Dynamics Of Policy Change And U.S. Narcotics Policy: Implications For The Global Narcotics Regime, Felix Kumah-Abiwu
Examining The Dynamics Of Policy Change And U.S. Narcotics Policy: Implications For The Global Narcotics Regime, Felix Kumah-Abiwu
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The prohibition approach to narcotics control has been the dominant policy paradigm of the United States (US) and the global narcotics regime under the United Nations (UN) for more than a century. In recent years, however, key questions have been raised on the existing prohibition policy approach, which many consider as ineffective and unchanging from a broader perspective. It is based on this appearance of unchanging policy that this study seeks to investigate whether the US narcotics policy is undergoing any type of change or not. The study also seeks to explore the implications of US narcotics policy change on …
The Integration Of Geomorphic Design Into West Virginia Surface Mine Reclamation, Alison E. Sears
The Integration Of Geomorphic Design Into West Virginia Surface Mine Reclamation, Alison E. Sears
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Approximately 40% of operating mines in West Virginia are surface mines, producing around 50 million tons of coal each year. Federal regulations that have been designed to control environmental impacts associated with surface mining are becoming increasingly stringent. The West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection (WVDEP) Division of Mining and Reclamation and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recently have delayed or temporarily suspended surface mining permits because of the implementation of more rigorous standards relating to reclamation and post-mining land use. As the demand for energy continues to increase, there is a need to find an alternative to …
Evaluation Of A Protocol To Diagnose Chronic Kidney Disease Using The Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiatives (Kdoqi) Guideline: Evaluation, Classification, And Stratification (Ecs)., Sandra L. Cotton
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health problem in West Virginia. Primary care of CKD is suboptimal. Clinical practice guideline (CPG) usage could improve care, but CPG adoption is difficult. The Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiatives (KDOQI) outlines CKD prevention and management. The primary goal of this project was to evaluate methods to increase KDOQI CPG adoption to enhance CKD diagnosis and staging in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), the leading cause of kidney disease. Secondary goals included increasing provider knowledge and project satisfaction. Using a quasi-experimental, one group pretest/posttest design, the KDOQI CPG, an overview of CKD care, …
The Nutritional Regulation Of Hepatic Fibroblast Growth Factor 21: A Novel Anti-Diabetic Hormone., Holly Ann Cyphert
The Nutritional Regulation Of Hepatic Fibroblast Growth Factor 21: A Novel Anti-Diabetic Hormone., Holly Ann Cyphert
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Previous studies have shown that fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is partially regulated by the activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) following starvation or the consumption of a high fat, low carbohydrate (HF-LC) ketogenic diet. To understand the nutritional regulation of FGF21, I employed the use of primary rat hepatocytes and screened for factors that could potentially mediate the nutritional regulation of FGF21 mRNA and protein secretion. In preliminary experiments, I discovered that bile acids enhance FGF21 mRNA expression and protein secretion. Bile acids are known ligands for the farnesoid X receptor, a nuclear receptor. Activation of FXR by …
Effects Of Exotic Morrow's Honeysuckle (Lonicera Morrowii) On Migratory Songbirds., Holly Merredith Mcchesney
Effects Of Exotic Morrow's Honeysuckle (Lonicera Morrowii) On Migratory Songbirds., Holly Merredith Mcchesney
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
In much of the eastern United States, bush honeysuckles (Lonicera spp.) threaten the integrity of old-fields used as songbird habitat. From 2007–2009, we studied old-field systems in two areas of southwestern Pennsylvania: Fort Necessity National Battlefield and Ohiopyle State Park. Old fields at Fort Necessity consisted of a dense cover of Morrow’s honeysuckle (Lonicera morrowii), whereas those at Ohiopyle were relatively free of this shrub species. We captured birds in mist nets during the breeding and post-breeding seasons to assess species composition at both locations and found that the species composition of breeding birds was correlated with the presence of …
Assessment Of Pulmonary Fibrogenic Potential Of Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes In Vitro., Anurag Mishra
Assessment Of Pulmonary Fibrogenic Potential Of Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes In Vitro., Anurag Mishra
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) have many applications due to their unique mechanical and electrical properties. However, these fiber shaped materials have been shown to possess unusual fibrogenic activity in vivo and are currently the focus of intense toxicological investigations. To date very few detailed mechanistic studies on the fibrogenic activity of CNT have been reported. The aim of this series of studies is to determine fibrogenic potential of well dispersed MWCNT in human lung cell culture models and develop a novel platform for understanding the cellular mechanisms of MWCNT-induced lung fibrosis. Dispersion of large agglomerates of MWCNT in suspension to …
Procera Titanium Milled Framework Surface Preparation Impact On Metal-Resin Implant Fixed Dental Prosthesis, A Clinical Model, William Todd Hegmann
Procera Titanium Milled Framework Surface Preparation Impact On Metal-Resin Implant Fixed Dental Prosthesis, A Clinical Model, William Todd Hegmann
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare and contrast the difference between airborne-particle abrasion and two common commercially available opaquers during shear testing of clinical models. Comparisons between the type of failure (adhesive, cohesive, or mixed) and surface analysis of the airborne-particle abraded samples will be evaluated.;Materials and Methods: 16 identical Nobel Procera titanium alloy frameworks were manufactured to fit a master titanium block fitted with four multi-unit abutments. Metal-resin implant fixed dental prosthesis were manufactured to test surface preparations. The variables between framework groups were airborne-particle abrasion and opaquer type in a split sample design. Test groups …
Discrimination Of Temporally Remote Causal Relations By Pigeons: Effects Of Signals That Mediate The Temporal Gaps, Toshikazu Kuroda
Discrimination Of Temporally Remote Causal Relations By Pigeons: Effects Of Signals That Mediate The Temporal Gaps, Toshikazu Kuroda
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The discriminative effect of the response-reinforcer relation may contribute to the change in response rates that occur when reinforcement is delayed. The present study investigated this possibility using a discrete-trials conditional discrimination procedure. Each trial began with a sample component where a variable-interval schedule was assigned either to a left or right key. The key peck that ended the schedule, which served as the sample response, in different conditions initiated delays with a signal fully mediating the delay interval, delays with a signal present only during the first second of the interval, or delays with the absence of signal. The …
Soil And Slope Stability Study Of Geomorphic Landform Profiles Versus Approximate Original Contour For Valley Fill Designs, Harold Russell
Soil And Slope Stability Study Of Geomorphic Landform Profiles Versus Approximate Original Contour For Valley Fill Designs, Harold Russell
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This report presents the findings of geotechnical testing on two material types retrieved from a surface mine site in Logan County, West Virginia, and investigates geomorphic landform design as an alternative in lieu of typical valley fill design and approximate original contour (AOC) surface mine reclamation design. Laboratory testing was carried out according to ASTM standard test methods. The scope of the testing performed involved grain size distribution analysis, hydrometer analysis, saturated shear strength testing under an insitu consolidation load, Atterberg limits including plastic and liquid limits, compaction at three predetermined compaction energies, and rigid wall permeameter hydraulic conductivity testing. …
Physicians' Perceptions Of West Virginia's Kids First Healthcheck System., Alexandria Kappel
Physicians' Perceptions Of West Virginia's Kids First Healthcheck System., Alexandria Kappel
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Universal Pre-K programs provide free, easily accessible education programs in West Virginia for 4-year-olds and 3-year-olds with Individualized Education Programs (Barnett et al., 2010). West Virginia Policy 2525 provides regulations guiding the implementation of the Universal Pre-K programs. Included in the policy are guidelines for areas such as recruitment, enrollment, and instruction. Section 126-26-8.7 of the policy outlines the state’s plan for the target area of developmental screening for the children in its Universal Pre-K classrooms. The plan outlines the use of the West Virginia Kid’s First HealthCheck System. The goal of the study was to study the implementation of …
Evaluation Of Group Medical Visits In Improvement Of Diabetes Self-Management., Victoria M. Dobbins
Evaluation Of Group Medical Visits In Improvement Of Diabetes Self-Management., Victoria M. Dobbins
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Background: Diabetes is a chronic disease that has potential complications if left unmanaged that can lead to financial burden for all those who are involved along with life altering health impacts. Complications can be reduced with proper management of this chronic disease. Selfmanagement of diabetes has been linked to improved outcomes and therefore, decreased complications. Improvements of self-management of those patients with diabetes often require health care providers to look at unique approaches to the delivery of care. The use of group medical visit is one such approach that has been studied and linked to improvements of selfmanagement. However, there …
Detection And Characterization Of Pyromarkers Of Smoked Drugs Of Abuse, Rona Kiyomi Nishikawa
Detection And Characterization Of Pyromarkers Of Smoked Drugs Of Abuse, Rona Kiyomi Nishikawa
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Smoking or inhalation has increased in popularity as the choice route of administration of drugs of abuse amongst drug abusers. Combustion products associated with the smoking event (pyromarkers) of these smoked drugs of abuse can be useful in post mortem toxicological analysis both for investigative and public health applications. A method using analytical pyrolysis was developed to simulate the smoking process used for illicit drugs, which is significantly different than methods used for studies of conventional tobacco smoking, This method was used to identify possible markers associated smoked fentanyl and mixes of heroin and fentanyl. Thermocouple temperature probes were used …
Compositional And Functional Characteristics Of Materials Recovered From Headed Gutted Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix) By Isoelectric Solubilization And Precipitation Using Organic Acids, Ilgin Paker
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) is one of the main freshwater fish species with a high nutritional value; however, it is hard to process the fish due to its boney carcass. Therefore, isoelectric solubilization and precipitation (ISP) processing was applied to headed gutted silver carp to separate the protein from the bones, scales, skin, fins, etc. Different solubilization strategies (pH 2.5, 3.0. 11.5 and 12.0) using organic acids, either acetic acid (AA) or a 30% formic and lactic acid combination (F&L), were applied during ISP and the different effects of treatments on the materials recovered from the initial silver carp were …
A Comparison Of Airway Dimensions Among Different Skeletal Craniofacial Patterns, Ronnie J. Sparks
A Comparison Of Airway Dimensions Among Different Skeletal Craniofacial Patterns, Ronnie J. Sparks
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Background and Objectives: Much attention has been given to the association of craniofacial skeletal morphology, upper airway dimension, and respiratory function with patients suffering from obstructive sleep apnea. However, much of the information gathered on the aforementioned has been established with the use of 2-Dimensional lateral cephalometry. The objective of this study was to investigate upper airway dimensions among different skeletal patterns using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: A sample of 279 patients who seught orthodontic treatment at the University of Nevada Las Vegas School of Dentistry Department of Orthodontics was included in this study. Pre-treatment multi-slice CBCT scans of …
Concentration And Size Distributions Of Nanoparticle Emissions During Low Temperature Combustion Using Fuels For Advanced Combustion Engines (Face), Peter Bonsack
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Due to tightening emission legislations, both within the US and Europe, including concerns regarding greenhouse gases, next-generation combustion strategies for internal combustion (IC) diesel engines that simultaneously reduce exhaust emissions while improving thermal efficiency have drawn increasing attention during recent years. In-cylinder combustion temperature plays a critical role in the formation of pollutants as well as in thermal efficiency of the propulsion system. One way to minimize both soot and NOx emissions, is to limit the in-cylinder temperature during the combustion process by means of high levels of dilution via exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) combined with flexible fuel injection strategies. …
A Guide To Selected Resources On Memorization Techniques For Pianists: An Annotated Bibliography, Silvia A. Atmadja
A Guide To Selected Resources On Memorization Techniques For Pianists: An Annotated Bibliography, Silvia A. Atmadja
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This research project provides reviews of resources for pianists, performers, teachers and students, striving to deepen their knowledge of memorization techniques and explore different methods of memorizing piano music, and for scholars pursuing further research on this important topic. Readers will find resources that discuss the topic from the musical and psychological standpoints, but not a scientific approach to brain and memorization. Resources include books, journal articles, and theses/dissertations that are written in English from the 1890s through the first decade of the 21st century.
Olivier Messiaen's Personal Expression Of Faith In His Major Solo And Chamber Works With Piano From 1940 To 1944, Marie Arlou C. Borillo
Olivier Messiaen's Personal Expression Of Faith In His Major Solo And Chamber Works With Piano From 1940 To 1944, Marie Arlou C. Borillo
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Throughout the history of Western art music, a number of composers either have been supported financially by religious institutions to create sacred works or have been driven by their own spiritual beliefs to create faith-inspired pieces. With the decrease of Christianity's importance to individuals in Western society throughout time, however, compositions whose genesis arise solely from religious and spiritual inspiration have lessened substantially. This is particularly evident in the music of the Roman Catholic Church from the end of the nineteenth century to the early 1960s, as the Church's liturgical music consisted of a restored Gregorian chant. This eliminated the …
Patient Preferences For Benefits And Risks Associated With Disease Modifying Drugs In Multiple Sclerosis, Abhijeet J. Bhanegaonkar
Patient Preferences For Benefits And Risks Associated With Disease Modifying Drugs In Multiple Sclerosis, Abhijeet J. Bhanegaonkar
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating neurological disorder with no known cure. Disease modifying drugs (DMDs) used in the treatment of MS reduce the frequency relapses and delay the progression of the disease. Although DMD therapy is the mainstay of treatment of MS, it is associated with variety of side effects and severe adverse events. A majority of currently available DMDs are injectable, except one which is available in the pill form. Therapeutic decisions in MS are challenging due to the inconvenience of administration, frequency of administration, longer duration of therapy, side effects, and risk of adverse events …
Disaster Preparations And Relief: The Partnership Between The American National Red Cross And Amateur Radio, Bayley B. Brown
Disaster Preparations And Relief: The Partnership Between The American National Red Cross And Amateur Radio, Bayley B. Brown
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The goal of this master's thesis is to evaluate the current state of the partnership between the American National Red Cross chapters and Amateur Radio Emergency Service (ARES) groups. The alliance between these organizations has historically been outlined by national representatives, the most recent being the 2010 Memorandum of Understanding between the American National Red Cross and ARRL, the national association for Amateur Radio. This partnership was assessed through a nationwide survey of American National Red Cross chapter representatives. Findings suggest that most Red Cross chapters have current partnerships with their local ARES group, and collaboration occurs primarily for disaster …
Effect Of Engineered Metal-Oxide Nanomaterials On Bacterial Viability, Lina Cui
Effect Of Engineered Metal-Oxide Nanomaterials On Bacterial Viability, Lina Cui
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The occurrence of emerging or newly identified contaminants in our water resources is of rising concern for human health and the environment. Nanomaterials rise to be among the major emerging contaminants in recent years because of their broad applications. The existing conventional water and wastewater treatment plants are not designed for removal of these contaminants. To date, little is known about the fate and impacts of these contaminants in the water systems.;Engineered nanomaterials such as titanium dioxide (TiO2) are known to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) under irradiation of ultraviolet or visible light. A sub-lethal level of ROS could trigger …
Metabolic Syndrome Risk In Young Adults Attending West Virginia University, Amanda M. Dent
Metabolic Syndrome Risk In Young Adults Attending West Virginia University, Amanda M. Dent
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is increasing throughout the United States across age groups. The purpose of this study was to collect descriptive baseline anthropometric and biochemical data to determine MetS prevalence in 18 to 24 year olds and to assess change in MetS risk after a 10 week web-based intervention. MetS was defined using the National Cholesterol Education Program's Third Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP ATP III) definition. Blood pressure, anthropometric and biochemical measures were obtained at baseline, post-intervention and 15 months. The overall prevalence of MetS at baseline was 15.1% (n = 14). The prevalence of one or …
Multispectral Scleral Patterns For Ocular Biometric Recognition, Simona G. Crihalmeanu
Multispectral Scleral Patterns For Ocular Biometric Recognition, Simona G. Crihalmeanu
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Biometrics is the science of recognizing people based on their physical or behavioral traits such as face, fingerprints, iris, and voice. Among the various traits studied in the literature, ocular biometrics has gained popularity due to the significant progress made in iris recognition. However, iris recognition is unfavorably influenced by the non-frontal gaze direction of the eye with respect to the acquisition device. In such scenarios, additional parts of the eye, such as the sclera (the white of the eye) may be of significance. In this dissertation, we investigate the use of the sclera texture and the vasculature patterns evident …
Professionalization Of Personal Trainers In The Fitness Industry, Lara M. Foster
Professionalization Of Personal Trainers In The Fitness Industry, Lara M. Foster
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The fitness industry is a multi-million dollar business engaged with enhancing or changing the personal appearance of an individual; that is, what Goffman (1963) called with regard to the embodied self, occupations engaged in identity tinkering trades. The muscle and fitness industry's occupations are engaged in tinkering with ones physical identities (Tan & Brignole, 2012). Personal trainers have been acknowledged in social science literature as "customer service" representatives and "emotional laborers" in the fitness industry (Maguire, 2001). This research is a two-part qualitative study: first, I examine the actions, purpose, and roles of the personal fitness trainer and secondly, I …
Microstructural Engineering Of Porous Cathodes For Sofc Applications, Sodith Kumar R. Gandavarapu
Microstructural Engineering Of Porous Cathodes For Sofc Applications, Sodith Kumar R. Gandavarapu
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
LSCF [(La0.6Sr0.4)0.98 (Co0.2 Fe0.8) O3-delta], a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) cathode material was fabricated and foamed through a polymeric in situ foaming process to build an optimum porous architecture. The changes in the porous cathode microstructure with changes in the in situ foaming parameters were qualitatively investigated through back-scattered scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging. Later, a quantitative analysis of the pore size, shape, area and distribution was completed on the same samples through a computational image analysis program called Image J (National Institute of Health, NIH). Electrochemical testing of the foamed cathode under different processing conditions including the baseline …
Adolescent Autonomy Development And Problematic Eating Patterns, Kaitlyn A. Ferris
Adolescent Autonomy Development And Problematic Eating Patterns, Kaitlyn A. Ferris
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Adolescence is a developmental time period associated with increased autonomy from parents and more independent decision-making. Adolescents strive to control areas of their life once solely controlled by parents, and food and eating decisions are two areas over which adolescents may want to have sole control. In addition, there may be heterogeneity in adolescents' beliefs about food-related behavior as well as adolescents' actual eating patterns. The current study examined parents' and adolescents' domain beliefs about food and whether adolescents' domain beliefs about such behaviors were associated with problematic eating patterns. Participants included 102 female caregiver-adolescent dyads with children between the …
An Empirical Analysis Of Health Implications And Costs Of Obesity In Appalachia, Saman Janaranjana Herath Bandara
An Empirical Analysis Of Health Implications And Costs Of Obesity In Appalachia, Saman Janaranjana Herath Bandara
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Obesity is a major health problem in the United States (U.S.) and approximately 34 percent of the U.S. adult population is obese. Studies using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), and many other research findings warn that if the current trend of obesity continues, 50 percent of the U.S. population will be obese in 2030. Unfortunately, several diseases, such as heart disease, diabetes (type II), hypertension, cancer, arthritis, asthma, and some psychological disorders are linked with obesity. Obesity increases the risk of premature mortality, and nearly 300,000 annual deaths are associated …
Three Essays On The Political Economy Of Public Finance, Adam J. Hoffer
Three Essays On The Political Economy Of Public Finance, Adam J. Hoffer
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
This dissertation consists of three essays which examine the role political economy factors play in influencing state-level public finance in the United States. In Chapter 1, I introduce the economic logic explaining why political economy factors affect public finance. I then give a brief summary of the three essays presented in Chapters 2-4. Chapter 2 investigates the role tobacco special-interest groups, state ideology, and a number of public finance variables play in determining the state cigarette tax rate. Chapter 3 introduces a new methodology, using spatial econometrics, to investigate tax competition in cigarette tax rates. Chapter 4 examines the disparity …
Rescue Of Inherited Retinal Degeneration Associated With Aipl1 Defects, Cristy Ann Ku
Rescue Of Inherited Retinal Degeneration Associated With Aipl1 Defects, Cristy Ann Ku
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Since groundbreaking clinical trials treating Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) patients with retinal pigmented epithelium-specific 65 kDa protein (Rpe65) defects, which were the most successful gene therapy studies to date, much effort has been put into finding other candidate genes associated with inherited retinal degeneration to treat. Animal models with Rpe65 defects demonstrate an unusual circumstance that greatly favors treatment, where dramatic vision loss is disproportionately greater than the ensuing slow photoreceptor degeneration. This pattern is also believed to occur in Rpe65-LCA patients, and stems from the primary defect in retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells that subsequently perturbs photoreceptors. However, a …
The Effect Of Compost Amendment On Ammonia-Oxidizing Microbial Community Structure In An Agricultural Soil, Gregory S. Klinger
The Effect Of Compost Amendment On Ammonia-Oxidizing Microbial Community Structure In An Agricultural Soil, Gregory S. Klinger
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The effect of compost amendment on nitrification rates and ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms in an agricultural soil was examined. Four different rates from 11.2 to 89.6 Mg compost ha-1 of partially composted dairy manure was applied annually from 2000 to 2003 and again in 2005 to 32 plots on a Dormont silt loam that was shifted from long term pasture to crop cultivation. An additional 8 plots were not amended with compost and served as negative controls. Except for lime in the initial year of the experiment, no other fertilizer was used on these plots. Soil physical, chemical, and biochemical measurements were …
A National Study Of Health Behaviors And Health-Related Quality Of Life Among Survivors Of Breast, Prostate, And Colorectal Cancer Compared To Propensity Score Matched Controls, As Well As, Comparisons By Cancer Type & Gender, Traci J. Lemasters
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
The objectives of this study were to 1) compare the prevalence of specific measures of Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) between breast, prostate, female, and male colorectal cancer survivors to propensity score matched controls, and to compare HRQOL by type of cancer and gender and 2) compare the prevalence of specific health conditions and health behaviors between breast, prostate, female, and male colorectal cancer survivors to propensity score matched controls, and to compare health behaviors by type of cancer and gender. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a sample of breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer survivors 18 years of age …