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A Small-Volume, High-Throughput Approach For Surface Tension And Viscosity Measurements Of Liquid Fuels, Wanjun Dang, Wei Zhao, Ingmar Schoegl, Shyam Menon Sep 2020

A Small-Volume, High-Throughput Approach For Surface Tension And Viscosity Measurements Of Liquid Fuels, Wanjun Dang, Wei Zhao, Ingmar Schoegl, Shyam Menon

Faculty Publications

An ongoing effort looking at bioblendstocks to function as drop-in replacements or blending components for gasoline has identified a large number of candidate fuels. This work documents an approach for rapid screening of candidate fuels using relatively small sample sizes (O(μ l)) that targets two key physical properties of liquid fuels - surface tension and viscosity. The approach utilizes shape oscillation dynamics of single droplets generated by a piezo-electric device and their decay over time. Strobed imaging of the oscillation process is used along with image processing, edge detection, and data analysis to capture the decay of the oscillation over …

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Effects Of Coupled Consolidation And Overwash Processes On A Low-Lying Headland System, Brian D. Harris, Cody Johnson, Navid H. Jafari, Qin Chen, Celalettin E. Ozdemir Sep 2020

Effects Of Coupled Consolidation And Overwash Processes On A Low-Lying Headland System, Brian D. Harris, Cody Johnson, Navid H. Jafari, Qin Chen, Celalettin E. Ozdemir

Faculty Publications

Coastal barrier islands serve as the first line of defense against storm-induced hazards and coastal erosion. Due to sea-level rise and more frequently occurring storms, barrier island restoration and rehabilitation have become more important for coastal protection. The current-state-of-the practice for simulation of barrier island restoration design mostly overlooks consolidation as one of the governing processes. However, low-lying barrier islands, especially those built on loose deltaic or estuarine deposits, may further lose elevation due to consolidation and become more vulnerable to erosion. This study investigates the impacts of consolidation without overwash, overwash without consolidation, and coupled consolidation and overwash in …

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Quantifying Species Traits Related To Oviposition Behavior And Offspring Survival In Two Important Disease Vectors, Donald A. Yee, William C. Glasgow, Nnaemeka F. Ezeakacha Sep 2020

Quantifying Species Traits Related To Oviposition Behavior And Offspring Survival In Two Important Disease Vectors, Donald A. Yee, William C. Glasgow, Nnaemeka F. Ezeakacha

Faculty Publications

Animals with complex life cycles have traits related to oviposition and juvenile survival that can respond to environmental factors in similar or dissimilar ways. We examined the preference-performance hypothesis (PPH), which states that females lacking parental care select juvenile habitats that maximize fitness, for two ubiquitous mosquito species, Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus. Specifically, we examined if environmental factors known to affect larval abundance patterns in the field played a role in the PPH for these species. We first identified important environmental factors from a field survey that predicted larvae across different spatial scales. We then performed two experiments, …

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Tick-Borne Pathogens Shape The Native Microbiome Within Tick Vectors, Abdulsalam Adegoke, Deepak Kumar, Cailyn Bobo, Muhammad Imran Rashid, Aneela Zameer Durrani, Muhammad Sohail Sajid, Shahid Karim Sep 2020

Tick-Borne Pathogens Shape The Native Microbiome Within Tick Vectors, Abdulsalam Adegoke, Deepak Kumar, Cailyn Bobo, Muhammad Imran Rashid, Aneela Zameer Durrani, Muhammad Sohail Sajid, Shahid Karim

Faculty Publications

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Ticks are blood-feeding arthropods and transmit a variety of medically important viral, bacterial, protozoan pathogens to animals and humans. Ticks also harbor a diverse community of microbes linked to their biological processes, such as hematophagy, and hence affect vector competence. The interactions between bacterial and/or protozoan pathogens and the tick microbiome is a black-box, and therefore we tested the hypothesis that the presence of a protozoan or bacterial pathogen will alter the microbial composition within a tick. Hence, this study was designed to define the microbial composition of two tick species, …

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Improving Adherence To Adjuvant Hormonal Therapy Among Disadvantaged Women Diagnosed With Breast Cancer In South Carolina: Proposal For A Multimethod Study, Tisha M. Felder, Sue Heiney, James R. Hébert, Daniela B. Friedman, Ronit Elk, Regina Franco, Lucy Gansauer, Barbara Christensen, Marvella E. Ford Sep 2020

Improving Adherence To Adjuvant Hormonal Therapy Among Disadvantaged Women Diagnosed With Breast Cancer In South Carolina: Proposal For A Multimethod Study, Tisha M. Felder, Sue Heiney, James R. Hébert, Daniela B. Friedman, Ronit Elk, Regina Franco, Lucy Gansauer, Barbara Christensen, Marvella E. Ford

Faculty Publications

Background: Current clinical guidelines recommend that hormone receptor-positive breast cancer survivors take adjuvant hormonal therapy (AHT) for 5 to 10 years, following the end of definitive treatment. However, fewer than half of patients adhere to the guidelines, and suboptimal adherence to AHT is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer mortality. Research has extensively documented sociodemographic and disease-specific factors associated with adherence to AHT, but very little evidence exists on behavioral factors (eg, knowledge, patient-provider communication) that can be modified and targeted by interventions. Objective: The goal of this study is to develop and test a theory-based, multilevel intervention …

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Applying International Law Solutions To The Xinjiang Crisis, Preston Jordan Lim Sep 2020

Applying International Law Solutions To The Xinjiang Crisis, Preston Jordan Lim

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Masculinized Second-To-Fourth Digit Ratio (2d:4d Ratio) Is Associated With Lower Cortisol Response In Infant Female Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca Mulatta), Elizabeth K. Wood, Parker Jarman, Elysha Cash, Alexander Baxter, John P. Capitanio, James Dee Higley Sep 2020

Masculinized Second-To-Fourth Digit Ratio (2d:4d Ratio) Is Associated With Lower Cortisol Response In Infant Female Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca Mulatta), Elizabeth K. Wood, Parker Jarman, Elysha Cash, Alexander Baxter, John P. Capitanio, James Dee Higley

Faculty Publications

The second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D ratio) is considered a postnatal proxy measure for the degree of prenatal androgen exposure (PAE), which is the primary factor responsible for masculinizing the brain of a developing fetus. Some studies suggest that the organizational effects of PAE may extend to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis response to stress. This study investigates the relationship between 2D:4D ratio and HPA axis functioning using a rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) model. Subjects were N = 268 (180 females, 88 males) rhesus monkey infants (3–4 months of age). Plasma cortisol concentrations were assayed from two blood samples obtained …

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Complex Assessment Of Relationship Quality Within Dyads, Wendy C. Birmingham, Maija Reblin, Allison A. Vaughn, Timothy W. Smith, Bert N. Uchino, Chandler M. Spahr Sep 2020

Complex Assessment Of Relationship Quality Within Dyads, Wendy C. Birmingham, Maija Reblin, Allison A. Vaughn, Timothy W. Smith, Bert N. Uchino, Chandler M. Spahr

Faculty Publications

Higher quality relationships have been linked to improved outcomes; however, the measurement of relationship quality often ignores its complexity and the possibility of co-occurring positivity and negativity across different contexts. The goal of this study is to test the added benefit of including multiple dimensions, contexts, and perspectives of relationship quality from both individuals in predicting marital functioning. The Social Relationships Index assessed positive and negative dimensions of relationship quality under neutral, positive, and support-seeking contexts for 183 heterosexual married couples. Models showed that the inclusion of multiple dimensions of relationship quality across all three contexts improved prediction of marital …

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Protein Discrimination Using A Fluorescence-Based Sensor Array Of Thiacarbocyanine-Gumbos, Rocio L. Perez, Mingyan Cong, Stephanie R. Vaughan, Caitlan E. Ayala, Waduge Indika S. Galpothdeniya, John K. Mathaga, Isiah M. Warner Aug 2020

Protein Discrimination Using A Fluorescence-Based Sensor Array Of Thiacarbocyanine-Gumbos, Rocio L. Perez, Mingyan Cong, Stephanie R. Vaughan, Caitlan E. Ayala, Waduge Indika S. Galpothdeniya, John K. Mathaga, Isiah M. Warner

Faculty Publications

Sensitive and selective detection of proteins from complex samples has gained substantial interest within the scientific community. Early and precise detection of key proteins plays an important role in potential clinical diagnosis, treatment of different diseases, and proteomic research. In the study reported here, six different compounds belonging to a group of uniform materials based on organic salts (GUMBOS) have been synthesized using three thiacarbocyanine (TC) dyes and employed as fluorescent sensors. Fluorescence properties of micro- and nanoaggregates of these TC-based GUMBOS formed in phosphate buffer solutions are studied in the absence and presence of seven proteins. Fluorescence response patterns …

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Large-Scale Flow In Micro Electrokinetic Turbulent Mixer, Keyi Nan, Zhongyan Hu, Wei Zhao, Kaige Wang, Jintao Bai, Guiren Wang Aug 2020

Large-Scale Flow In Micro Electrokinetic Turbulent Mixer, Keyi Nan, Zhongyan Hu, Wei Zhao, Kaige Wang, Jintao Bai, Guiren Wang

Faculty Publications

In the present work, we studied the three-dimensional (3D) mean flow field in a micro electrokinetic (μEK) turbulence based micromixer by micro particle imaging velocimetry (μPIV) with stereoscopic method. A large-scale solenoid-type 3D mean flow field has been observed. The extraordinarily fast mixing process of the μEK turbulent mixer can be primarily attributed to two steps. First, under the strong velocity fluctuations generated by μEK mechanism, the two fluids with different conductivity are highly mixed near the entrance, primarily at the low electric conductivity sides and bias to the bottom wall. Then, the well-mixed fluid in the local region convects …

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Exploring The Fmn Binding Site In The Mitochondrial Outer Membrane Protein Mitoneet, Homyra Tasnim, Aaron P. Landry, Chelsey R. Fontenot, Huangen Ding Aug 2020

Exploring The Fmn Binding Site In The Mitochondrial Outer Membrane Protein Mitoneet, Homyra Tasnim, Aaron P. Landry, Chelsey R. Fontenot, Huangen Ding

Faculty Publications

© 2020 Elsevier Inc. MitoNEET is a mitochondrial outer membrane protein that hosts a redox active [2Fe-2S] cluster in the C-terminal cytosolic domain. Increasing evidence has shown that mitoNEET has an essential role in regulating energy metabolism in human cells. Previously, we reported that the [2Fe-2S] clusters in mitoNEET can be reduced by the reduced flavin mononucleotide (FMNH2) and oxidized by oxygen or ubiquinone-2, suggesting that mitoNEET may act as a novel redox enzyme catalyzing electron transfer from FMNH2 to oxygen or ubiquinone. Here, we explore the FMN binding site in mitoNEET by using FMN analogs and find that lumiflavin, …

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Draft Genome Sequences Of Six Strains Isolated From The Rhizosphere Of Wheat Grown In Cadmium-Contaminated Soil, Vira Hovorukha, Ankita Bhattacharyya, Olga Iungin, Hanna Tashyreva, Victoria Romanovska, Olesia Havyrliuk, Olena Bielikova, Claire Blackwell, Brian Burks, Cara Cothern, Jakia Elliott, Jonathan Hoover, Alexis Jones, Christian Leise, Linda Lowmiller, Ahmed Mohamed, Tiffany Mullen, Ethan Nettleton, Karshanda Polk, Benny Tran, Teresa Tran, Manuel Vega, Landon Ware, Emily Welch, Leandra Williams, Madison Woodward, Kaylin Young, Olga Mavrodi, Oleksandr Tashyrev, Dmitri Mavrodi Aug 2020

Draft Genome Sequences Of Six Strains Isolated From The Rhizosphere Of Wheat Grown In Cadmium-Contaminated Soil, Vira Hovorukha, Ankita Bhattacharyya, Olga Iungin, Hanna Tashyreva, Victoria Romanovska, Olesia Havyrliuk, Olena Bielikova, Claire Blackwell, Brian Burks, Cara Cothern, Jakia Elliott, Jonathan Hoover, Alexis Jones, Christian Leise, Linda Lowmiller, Ahmed Mohamed, Tiffany Mullen, Ethan Nettleton, Karshanda Polk, Benny Tran, Teresa Tran, Manuel Vega, Landon Ware, Emily Welch, Leandra Williams, Madison Woodward, Kaylin Young, Olga Mavrodi, Oleksandr Tashyrev, Dmitri Mavrodi

Faculty Publications

This study presents high-quality draft genome assemblies of six bacterial strains isolated from the roots of wheat grown in soil contaminated with cadmium. The results of this study will help to elucidate at the molecular level how heavy metals affect interactions between beneficial rhizobacteria and crop plants.

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Influence Of External Nacl Salt On Membrane Rigidity Of Neutral Dopc Vesicles, Judith U. De Mel, Sudipta Gupta, Rasangi M. Perera, Ly Ngo, Piotr Zolnierczuk, Markus Bleuel, Sai Venkatesh Pingali, Gerald J. Schneider Aug 2020

Influence Of External Nacl Salt On Membrane Rigidity Of Neutral Dopc Vesicles, Judith U. De Mel, Sudipta Gupta, Rasangi M. Perera, Ly Ngo, Piotr Zolnierczuk, Markus Bleuel, Sai Venkatesh Pingali, Gerald J. Schneider

Faculty Publications

Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society. Sodium chloride (NaCl) is a very common molecule in biotic and abiotic aqueous environments. In both cases, variation of ionic strength is inevitable. In addition to the osmotic variation posed by such perturbations, the question of whether the interactions of monovalent ions Na+ and Cl-, especially with the neutral head groups of phospholipid membranes are impactful enough to change the membrane rigidity, is still not entirely understood. We investigated the dynamics of 1,2-di-(octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) vesicles with zwitterionic neutral head groups in the fluid phase with increasing external salt concentration. At higher salt concentrations, we …

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Current Advances In Internet Of Underground Things, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza Aug 2020

Current Advances In Internet Of Underground Things, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza

Faculty Publications

The latest developments in Internet of Underground Things are covered in this chapter. First, the IOUT Architecture is discussed followed by the explanation of the challenges being faced in this paradigm. Moreover, a comprehensive coverage of the different IOUT components is presented that includes communications, sensing, and system integration with the cloud. An in-depth coverage of the applications of the IOUT in various disciplines is also surveyed. These applications include areas such as decision agriculture, pipeline monitoring, border control, and oil wells.

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Signals In The Soil: Subsurface Sensing, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza Aug 2020

Signals In The Soil: Subsurface Sensing, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza

Faculty Publications

In this chapter, novel subsurface soil sensing approaches are presented for monitoring and real-time decision support system applications. The methods, materials, and operational feasibility aspects of soil sensors are explored. The soil sensing techniques covered in this chapter include aerial sensing, in-situ, proximal sensing, and remote sensing. The underlying mechanism used for sensing is also examined as well. The sensor selection and calibration techniques are described in detail. The chapter concludes with discussion of soil sensing challenges.

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Using Stable Isotopes To Disentangle Marine Sedimentary Signals In Reactive Silicon Pools, Rebecca A. Pickering, Lucie Cassarino, Katharine R. Hendry, Xiangli L. Wang, Kanchan Maiti, Jeffrey W. Krause Aug 2020

Using Stable Isotopes To Disentangle Marine Sedimentary Signals In Reactive Silicon Pools, Rebecca A. Pickering, Lucie Cassarino, Katharine R. Hendry, Xiangli L. Wang, Kanchan Maiti, Jeffrey W. Krause

Faculty Publications

Many studies use sedimentary biogenic silica (bSiO2) stable isotopes (e.g., δ30Si) as paleoproxies but neglect signals from other sedimentary reactive SiO2 phases. We quantified δ30Si for multiple reactive Si pools in coastal river-plume sediments, revealing up to −5‰ difference between acid-leachable and alkaline-digestible amorphous SiO2. Thus, previous studies have missed valuable information on early diagenetic products and, in cases where sediments were not cleaned, potentially biased bSiO2 δ30Si values. Acid-leachable δ30Si, that is, from authigenic products, are the result of either multistep fractionation from a bSiO2 source or an ~2‰ fractionation (consistent …

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Water-Redispersible Cellulose Nanofiber And Polyanionic Cellulose Hybrids For High-Performance Water-Based Drilling Fluids, Mei Chun Li, Zhengjie Tang, Chaozheng Liu, Runzhou Huang, Meen S. Koo, Guoqiang Zhou, Qinglin Wu Aug 2020

Water-Redispersible Cellulose Nanofiber And Polyanionic Cellulose Hybrids For High-Performance Water-Based Drilling Fluids, Mei Chun Li, Zhengjie Tang, Chaozheng Liu, Runzhou Huang, Meen S. Koo, Guoqiang Zhou, Qinglin Wu

Faculty Publications

Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) with nanoscale dimension, high aspect ratio, and easily modified surface chemistry show great potential as novel rheological and filtration modifiers in bentonite water-based drilling fluids (BT-WDFs). However, CNFs would suffer from poor redispersibility in an aqueous suspension if they were fully dried for transportation, storage, and field application. Herein, we report a simple, versatile, and scalable strategy to prepare water-redispersible CNFs through compounding them with a water-soluble, commercially available drilling fluid additive, polyanionic cellulose (PAC), and subsequent drying. The results revealed that the water redispersibility of CNF/PAC hybrids was dependent on the PAC's viscosity (i.e., low viscosity, …

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Characterizing The Epigenetic And Transcriptomic Responses To Perkinsus Marinus Infection In The Eastern Oyster Crassostrea Virginica, Kevin M. Johnson, K. A. Sirovy, Sandra M. Casas, Jerome F. La Peyre, Morgan W. Kelly Aug 2020

Characterizing The Epigenetic And Transcriptomic Responses To Perkinsus Marinus Infection In The Eastern Oyster Crassostrea Virginica, Kevin M. Johnson, K. A. Sirovy, Sandra M. Casas, Jerome F. La Peyre, Morgan W. Kelly

Faculty Publications

© Copyright © 2020 Johnson, Sirovy, Casas, La Peyre and Kelly. Eastern oysters in the northern Gulf of Mexico are routinely infected with the protistan parasite Perkinsus marinus, the cause of the disease commonly known as dermo. Recent experimental challenges among Atlantic coast populations have identified both resistant and susceptible genotypes using comparative transcriptomics. While controlled experimental challenges are essential first assessments, expanding this analysis to field reared individuals provides an opportunity to identify key genomic signatures of infection that appear both in the laboratory and in the field. In this study we combined reduced representation bisulfite sequencing with 3′ …

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Characterizing The Epigenetic And Transcriptomic Responses To Perkinsus Marinus Infection In The Eastern Oyster Crassostrea Virginica, Kevin M. Johnson, K. A. Sirovy, Sandra M. Casas, Jerome F. La Peyre, Morgan W. Kelly Aug 2020

Characterizing The Epigenetic And Transcriptomic Responses To Perkinsus Marinus Infection In The Eastern Oyster Crassostrea Virginica, Kevin M. Johnson, K. A. Sirovy, Sandra M. Casas, Jerome F. La Peyre, Morgan W. Kelly

Faculty Publications

© Copyright © 2020 Johnson, Sirovy, Casas, La Peyre and Kelly. Eastern oysters in the northern Gulf of Mexico are routinely infected with the protistan parasite Perkinsus marinus, the cause of the disease commonly known as dermo. Recent experimental challenges among Atlantic coast populations have identified both resistant and susceptible genotypes using comparative transcriptomics. While controlled experimental challenges are essential first assessments, expanding this analysis to field reared individuals provides an opportunity to identify key genomic signatures of infection that appear both in the laboratory and in the field. In this study we combined reduced representation bisulfite sequencing with 3′ …

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Tlr Antagonism By Sparstolonin B Alters Microbial Signature And Modulates Gastrointestinal And Neuronal Inflammation In Gulf War Illness Preclinical Model, Dipro Bose, Ayan Mondal, Punnag Saha, Diana Kimono, Sutapa Sarkar, Ratanesh K. Seth, Patricia Janulewicz, Kimberly Sullivan, Ronnie Horner, Nancy Klimas, Mitzi Nagarkatti, Prakash Nagarkatti, Saurabh Chatterjee Aug 2020

Tlr Antagonism By Sparstolonin B Alters Microbial Signature And Modulates Gastrointestinal And Neuronal Inflammation In Gulf War Illness Preclinical Model, Dipro Bose, Ayan Mondal, Punnag Saha, Diana Kimono, Sutapa Sarkar, Ratanesh K. Seth, Patricia Janulewicz, Kimberly Sullivan, Ronnie Horner, Nancy Klimas, Mitzi Nagarkatti, Prakash Nagarkatti, Saurabh Chatterjee

Faculty Publications

The 1991 Persian Gulf War veterans presented a myriad of symptoms that ranged from chronic pain, fatigue, gastrointestinal disturbances, and cognitive deficits. Currently, no therapeutic regimen exists to treat the plethora of chronic symptoms though newer pharmacological targets such as microbiome have been identified recently. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) antagonism in systemic inflammatory diseases have been tried before with limited success, but strategies with broad-spectrum TLR4 antagonists and their ability to modulate the host-microbiome have been elusive. Using a mouse model of Gulf War Illness, we show that a nutraceutical, derived from a Chinese herb Sparstolonin B (SsnB) presented a …

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Recent Advances In Hydrothermal Carbonisation: From Tailored Carbon Materials And Biochemicals To Applications And Bioenergy, Sabina A. Nicolae, Heather Au, Pierpaolo Modugno, Hui Luo, Anthony E. Szego, Mo Qiao, Liang Li, Wang Yin, Hero J. Heeres, Nicole Berge, Maria Magdalena Titirici Aug 2020

Recent Advances In Hydrothermal Carbonisation: From Tailored Carbon Materials And Biochemicals To Applications And Bioenergy, Sabina A. Nicolae, Heather Au, Pierpaolo Modugno, Hui Luo, Anthony E. Szego, Mo Qiao, Liang Li, Wang Yin, Hero J. Heeres, Nicole Berge, Maria Magdalena Titirici

Faculty Publications

Introduced in the literature in 1913 by Bergius, who at the time was studying biomass coalification, hydrothermal carbonisation, as many other technologies based on renewables, was forgotten during the "industrial revolution". It was rediscovered back in 2005, on the one hand, to follow the trend set by Bergius of biomass to coal conversion for decentralised energy generation, and on the other hand as a novel green method to prepare advanced carbon materials and chemicals from biomass in water, at mild temperature, for energy storage and conversion and environmental protection. In this review, we will present an overview on the latest …

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Sediment Transport Near Ship Shoal For Coastal Restoration In The Louisiana Shelf: A Model Estimate Of The Year 2017–2018, Haoran Liu, Kehui Xu, Yanda Ou, Robert Bales, Zhengchen Zang, Z. George Xue Aug 2020

Sediment Transport Near Ship Shoal For Coastal Restoration In The Louisiana Shelf: A Model Estimate Of The Year 2017–2018, Haoran Liu, Kehui Xu, Yanda Ou, Robert Bales, Zhengchen Zang, Z. George Xue

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Exploiting Somatic Pirnas In Bemisia Tabaci Enables Novel Gene Silencing Through Rna Feeding, Mosharrof Mondal, Judith K. Brown, Alex Flynt Aug 2020

Exploiting Somatic Pirnas In Bemisia Tabaci Enables Novel Gene Silencing Through Rna Feeding, Mosharrof Mondal, Judith K. Brown, Alex Flynt

Faculty Publications

© This article is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution 4.0 International, as described at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). RNAi promises to reshape pest control by being nontoxic, biodegradable, and species specific. However, due to the plastic nature of RNAi, there is a significant variability in responses. In this study, we investigate small RNA pathways and processing of ingested RNAi trigger molecules in a hemipteran plant pest, the whitefly Bemisia tabaci. Unlike Drosophila, where the paradigm for insect RNAi technology was established, whitefly has abundant somatic piwi-associated RNAs (piRNAs). Long regarded as germline restricted, piRNAs are common in the …

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Simulation And Analysis Of The Carrying Capacity For Road Networks Using A Grid-Based Approach, Junqing Shi, Linwu Chen, Fengxiang Qiao, Lei Yu, Qing Li, Guilian Fan Aug 2020

Simulation And Analysis Of The Carrying Capacity For Road Networks Using A Grid-Based Approach, Junqing Shi, Linwu Chen, Fengxiang Qiao, Lei Yu, Qing Li, Guilian Fan

Faculty Publications

The number of vehicles that a road network can carry is limited. When the limit is exceeded, the network system is not able to function effectively. In this paper, an updated cellular automaton model for grid networks with all-way stop-controlled intersections is proposed to simulate the network level critical density and carrying capacity under different conditions, which essentially indicates the limit number of vehicles that the network can handle before going into gridlock. In the proposed model, two update rules, including lane-changing and the longitudinal location update, are adopted to describe the vehicle's movements on road segments according to the …

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Salt Marsh Dynamics In A Period Of Accelerated Sea Level Rise, Sergio Fagherazzi, Giulio Mariotti, Nicoletta Leonardi, Alberto Canestrelli, William Nardin, William S. Kearney Aug 2020

Salt Marsh Dynamics In A Period Of Accelerated Sea Level Rise, Sergio Fagherazzi, Giulio Mariotti, Nicoletta Leonardi, Alberto Canestrelli, William Nardin, William S. Kearney

Faculty Publications

Salt marshes are dynamic systems able to laterally expand, contract, and vertically accrete in response to sea level rise. Here, we present the grand challenges that need to be addressed to fully characterize marsh morphodynamics. The review focuses on physical processes and quantitative models. Without predictive models, it is impossible to determine the future marsh evolution under accelerated sea level rise. In these models, one of the challenges is to resolve both horizontal and vertical dynamics within the same framework. Vertically, the marsh has to accumulate enough material to contrast rising water levels. Horizontally, marsh erosion at the ocean side …

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Context-Dependent Action Of Scc4 Reinforces Control Of The Type Iii Secretion System, Leiqiong Gao, Yanguang Cong, Gregory V. Plano, Xiancai Rao, Lyndsey N. Gisclair, Sara Schesser Bartra, Megan A. Macnaughtan, Li Shena Aug 2020

Context-Dependent Action Of Scc4 Reinforces Control Of The Type Iii Secretion System, Leiqiong Gao, Yanguang Cong, Gregory V. Plano, Xiancai Rao, Lyndsey N. Gisclair, Sara Schesser Bartra, Megan A. Macnaughtan, Li Shena

Faculty Publications

Copyright © 2020 American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Chlamydia trachomatis Scc4 (formerly CT663) engages the transcription machinery and the pathogenic type III secretion system (T3SS). Both machines are required for Chlamydia infection. These requirements and the limited ability for genetic manipulation in Chlamydia have hampered dissection of Scc4's contributions. Here, by developing bacterial systems that permit the controlled expression and stable maintenance of Scc4, we assess Scc4's effects on chlamydial growth phenotype, secretion, and the patterns of T3SS gene expression. Expressing Scc4 in Escherichia coli lacking a T3SS injectisome causes a growth defect. This deficiency is rescued by …

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Comparative Transcriptomics Of Rice Genotypes With Contrasting Responses To Nitrogen Stress Reveals Genes Influencing Nitrogen Uptake Through The Regulation Of Root Architecture, Prasanta K. Subudhi, Richard S. Garcia, Sapphire Coronejo, Ronald Tapia Aug 2020

Comparative Transcriptomics Of Rice Genotypes With Contrasting Responses To Nitrogen Stress Reveals Genes Influencing Nitrogen Uptake Through The Regulation Of Root Architecture, Prasanta K. Subudhi, Richard S. Garcia, Sapphire Coronejo, Ronald Tapia

Faculty Publications

The indiscriminate use of nitrogenous fertilizers continues unabated for commercial crop production, resulting in air and water pollution. The development of rice varieties with enhanced nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) will require a thorough understanding of the molecular basis of a plant's response to low nitrogen (N) availability. The global expression profiles of root tissues collected from low and high N treatments at different time points in two rice genotypes, Pokkali and Bengal, with contrasting responses to N stress and contrasting root architectures were examined. Overall, the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Pokkali (indica) was higher than in Bengal …

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Overlapping But Distinct Sequences Play Roles In The Insulator And Promoter Activities Of The Drosophila Beaf-Dependent Scs⇔ Insulator, Mukesh Maharjan, J. Keller Mckowen, Craig M. Hart Aug 2020

Overlapping But Distinct Sequences Play Roles In The Insulator And Promoter Activities Of The Drosophila Beaf-Dependent Scs⇔ Insulator, Mukesh Maharjan, J. Keller Mckowen, Craig M. Hart

Faculty Publications

Copyright © 2020 by the Genetics Society of America. Chromatin domain insulators are thought to help partition the genome into genetic units called topologically associating domains (TADs). In Drosophila, TADs are often separated by inter-TAD regions containing active housekeeping genes and associated insulator binding proteins. This raises the question of whether insulator binding proteins are involved primarily in chromosomal TAD architecture or gene activation, or if these two activities are linked. The Boundary Element-Associated Factor of 32 kDa (BEAF-32, or BEAF for short) is usually found in inter-TADs. BEAF was discovered based on binding to the scs’ insulator, and is …

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What Determines Parasite Species Richness Across Host Species?, Tad Dallas, Lauren A. Holian, Grant Foster Aug 2020

What Determines Parasite Species Richness Across Host Species?, Tad Dallas, Lauren A. Holian, Grant Foster

Faculty Publications

© 2020 British Ecological Society In Focus: Dáttilo, W., Barrozo-Chávez, N., Lira-Noriega, A., Guevara, R., Villalobos, F., Santiago-Alarcon, D., Neves, F. S., Izzo, T., & Ribeiro, S. P. (2020). Species-level drivers of mammalian ectoparasite faunas. Journal of Animal Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13216. The question of what drives the number of parasite species able to infect a given host species is still a largely open question, despite decades of research. Dáttilo and colleagues examine the potential drivers of ectoparasite species across a large set of host species to explore the taxonomic and trait drivers of host-parasite interactions. Here, we contextualize their findings, explore …

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Tepr Encoding A Bacterial Enhancer-Binding Protein Orchestrates The Virulence And Interspecies Competition Of Burkholderia Glumae Through Qsmr And A Type Vi Secretion System, Jingyu Peng, Tiago Lelis, Ruoxi Chen, Inderjit Barphagha, Surendra Osti, Jong Hyun Ham Aug 2020

Tepr Encoding A Bacterial Enhancer-Binding Protein Orchestrates The Virulence And Interspecies Competition Of Burkholderia Glumae Through Qsmr And A Type Vi Secretion System, Jingyu Peng, Tiago Lelis, Ruoxi Chen, Inderjit Barphagha, Surendra Osti, Jong Hyun Ham

Faculty Publications

The pathogenesis of the rice pathogenic bacterium Burkholderia glumae is under the tight regulation of the tofI/tofR quorum-sensing (QS) system. tepR, encoding a group I bacterial enhancer-binding protein, negatively regulates the production of toxoflavin, the phytotoxin acting as a major virulence factor in B. glumae. In this study, through a transcriptomic analysis, we identified the genes that were modulated by tepR and/or the tofI/tofR QS system. More than half of the differentially expressed genes, including the genes for the biosynthesis and transport of toxoflavin, were significantly more highly expressed in the ΔtepR mutant but less expressed in the ΔtofI-tofR (tofI/tofR …

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