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The Synthesis Of 6, 18-Diphenyl-4,5,7,8-Dibenzo-6, 18-Diphospha-2, 10-Dithia [1,11] Orthocyclophane-6, 18-Dioxide, Patrick L. Oltmanns Feb 1981

The Synthesis Of 6, 18-Diphenyl-4,5,7,8-Dibenzo-6, 18-Diphospha-2, 10-Dithia [1,11] Orthocyclophane-6, 18-Dioxide, Patrick L. Oltmanns

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

At the outset of this research, the objective was to combine synthetic methods to give a cyclophane structure containing two heteroatoms that may be used as ligands for metal complexes. The cyclophane synthesis that was intended to be used to produce the final cyclic structure is that of sulfur extrusion. The heteroatoms that were chosen for this research were phosphorous atoms because of the possibility that combined with metal atoms, the complex may be used as a catalyst. The general cyclophane structure contains aromatic rings joined by two or more aliphatic bridges, an example being di-m-xylylene. This compound was first …

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Flora Of Ordway Prairie Compared To Other Prairie Remnants Of The Missouri Coteau, David J. Ode Jan 1981

Flora Of Ordway Prairie Compared To Other Prairie Remnants Of The Missouri Coteau, David J. Ode

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Hamlin Garland was an early twentieth century novelist whose parents homesteaded in Brown County, South Dakota in the late 1800's. To Garland this was the land of the Middle Border. By this expression Garland referred to that boundary existing between the land of the harvester and the land of the hunter. In many ways this region is still the land of the Middle Border, for it is in Edmunds, McPherson and Dickey counties where cropland meets rangeland, where the sub-humid Central Lowland gives way to the semiarid Great Plains and where the tall grass prairie intermingles with the mixed grass …

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Alteration Of The Anestrous Period In Targhee Ewes, Charles C. Moser Jan 1981

Alteration Of The Anestrous Period In Targhee Ewes, Charles C. Moser

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

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Effects Of Type Of Birth, Breed Of Sire, Postweaning Nutrition And Age At First Breeding On Lamb And Wool Productivity Of Range Ewes, Debra Sue Morris Jan 1981

Effects Of Type Of Birth, Breed Of Sire, Postweaning Nutrition And Age At First Breeding On Lamb And Wool Productivity Of Range Ewes, Debra Sue Morris

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

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A Study Of The Chemistry Of Pendimethalin In Soils, Solvents And Plant, Md Abdul Mabud Jan 1981

A Study Of The Chemistry Of Pendimethalin In Soils, Solvents And Plant, Md Abdul Mabud

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

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Effects Of Ground Sunflower Seeds In Diets Of Late Gestating And Early Lactating Swine, Mark A. Kepler Jan 1981

Effects Of Ground Sunflower Seeds In Diets Of Late Gestating And Early Lactating Swine, Mark A. Kepler

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

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Comparative Study Of Methanol, Ethanol, Isopropanol, And Butanol As Motor Fuels, Either Pure Or Blended With Gasoline, Ajit D. Kelkar Jan 1981

Comparative Study Of Methanol, Ethanol, Isopropanol, And Butanol As Motor Fuels, Either Pure Or Blended With Gasoline, Ajit D. Kelkar

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

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The Effects Of Fathead Minnows And Yellow Perch On Nutrient Concentrations, Phytoplankton, And Zooplankton Populations In Three Prairie Lakes, Darryl Lynn Jongsma Jan 1981

The Effects Of Fathead Minnows And Yellow Perch On Nutrient Concentrations, Phytoplankton, And Zooplankton Populations In Three Prairie Lakes, Darryl Lynn Jongsma

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

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Professional Preparation Of Head Coaches For Girls Interscholastic Track And Field In South Dakota, Maxine Marie Johnson Jan 1981

Professional Preparation Of Head Coaches For Girls Interscholastic Track And Field In South Dakota, Maxine Marie Johnson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Presently we are in a very exciting and challenging period of athletics for women. We are in a period in which sports programs for girls and women have undergone considerable change. Neal stated that never before has the female been so free from cultural restraints and taboos in sports competition as she is today. With the establishment of Title IX there has been an explosion of sports programs for tl1e female athlete, encouraging increased participation in great numbers and bringing women participants into prominence throughout the world. Today, junior high teams practice daily, high school girl athletes are beginning to …

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Sterling Women From Sterling Township : Women's Writing As Literature And History, Janet Hovey Johnson Jan 1981

Sterling Women From Sterling Township : Women's Writing As Literature And History, Janet Hovey Johnson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

One might ask herself what Emily Toth's discussion of regionalism versus universality has to do with the women writers of Sterling Township in Brookings County, South Dakota. After all, Emily Toth is discussing women who primarily write fiction--sometimes good fiction--meant for publication. The women of Sterling Township wrote, for lack of a better word, essays, and few ever dreamed of publication. Yet there is a connection. Just as the women that Emily Toth discusses are not considered universal writers, so have the women of townships across America been discounted as the subjects of serious studies. These women belong to a …

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The Impact Of Project Adventure On The Self Concept Of Adolescents, Sandra I. Jerstad Jan 1981

The Impact Of Project Adventure On The Self Concept Of Adolescents, Sandra I. Jerstad

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

High-risk adventure courses are a new and dynamic part of physical education programs in many parts of the country. Many studies have been completed to assess the effect of physical activities on the integration of the personality. An initial course, Outward Bound, was an outgrowth of stringent programs developed by the British Navy during World War II. Because the Navy had found their men not well prepared to handle crises or stressful situations, a solution to this problem was sought by establishing the first Outward Bound School. The specific purpose was to introduce physical challenge in its training of young …

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Social And Structural Factors Associated With Career Mobility Among South Dakota Registered Nurses, Mercedes Iverson Jan 1981

Social And Structural Factors Associated With Career Mobility Among South Dakota Registered Nurses, Mercedes Iverson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Health care professionals in south Dakota, a rural state with a recognized lack of health care facilities and a physician to population ratio of 1:1343 in 1975, have become increasingly concerned with how best to recruit and mobilize personnel to maintain adequate health services. In 1973, South Dakota had 17 counties without a civilian physician, and although these counties were sparsely populated the need for health care services remains a salient factor. The achievement of a desirable distribution of manpower is crucial for optimal delivery of health service to South Dakota residents. An understanding of the causes and patterns of …

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Impact Of Various Factors Upon Pavement Condition And Maintenance Expenditures Of South Dakota Primary Arterial Roads, Mark Hanson Jan 1981

Impact Of Various Factors Upon Pavement Condition And Maintenance Expenditures Of South Dakota Primary Arterial Roads, Mark Hanson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In the years 1965-1980; 59 branchline railroads with a combined mileage of 2,299.33 were abandoned. The heaviest wave of abandonments occurred in the years 1978-1980 with 33 branchlines with combined mileage of 1,592.5 being abandoned. As rail lines are abandoned, the traffic previously carried on them is shifted to the only alternative, the highway system. The traffic either is shipped directly by truck to its ultimate destination or it is shipped to a point where it can be loaded on a train. Either alternative means more traffic upon the highway system. However, the highway system may be ill-prepared to cope …

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Analysis And Evaluation Of An Area Annexation Study For Redfield, South Dakota, Stephen Allen Dunn Jan 1981

Analysis And Evaluation Of An Area Annexation Study For Redfield, South Dakota, Stephen Allen Dunn

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A major portion of both commercial and residential growth in the Redfield, South Dakota, area was occurring outside the existing city limits of that community in the late 1970's. This pattern was becoming a concern to the Redfield City Council and prompted the city council to contact the Geography Department of South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, in 1978 to complete a study of annexation for Redfield. The author of this thesis was hired as a research assistant to complete the Redfield annexation study for the Geography Department. The city council needed to evaluate the annexation potential and problems …

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Alfalfa Products As Roughage And Protein Sources For Corn And Corn Stover Beef Diets, R A. Drake Jan 1981

Alfalfa Products As Roughage And Protein Sources For Corn And Corn Stover Beef Diets, R A. Drake

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

New feeds are continually being developed, especially from by-products of an industrial process which produces a product already in demand. For example, soybean oil meal was initially a by-product of an extraction process for soybean oil, a product in great demand at the time as the base material of paints. As the demand for the oil subsided, the by-product, soybean oil meal, assumed the major role as a protein supplement for livestock. Alfalfa, on the other hand, has always been an important feedstuff, as well as many of its related products such as alfalfa leaf meal and dehydrated alfalfa. The …

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An Investigation Of Factors Associated With Recidivism Among Juvenile Offenders, Michael Gene Breci Jan 1981

An Investigation Of Factors Associated With Recidivism Among Juvenile Offenders, Michael Gene Breci

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This research investigates the following problem: What combination of factors, associated with delinquency, best differentiates first time offenders from recidivists? This problem is important because of the impact juvenile crime has on society. For instance, Ferdinand and Cavan estimate that juvenile delinquency costs the country a billion dollars a year. In fact, in 1971 auto thefts and larcenies committed by juveniles caused losses of three hundred and seventy-four million dollars (Carney, 1979:218). As will be evidenced through a rev1ew of relevant literature, this problem is one social phenomenon that is of interest both to the sociologist and to the practitioner …

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Solar Energy Intensifier-Thermal Energy Storage System Evaluation For Ventilation Air Pre-Heating, Scott R. Astleford Jan 1981

Solar Energy Intensifier-Thermal Energy Storage System Evaluation For Ventilation Air Pre-Heating, Scott R. Astleford

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Solar energy is widely recognized as an essentially inexhaustible energy source that has the potential to make major contributions to energy needs of various agricultural and industrial operations. Low quality heat produced from a low-temperature, inexpensive solar collector can be efficiently utilized to provide supplemental heat to livestock confinement buildings, harvested crop drying, or service water heating. Ample area for collectors, energy capacity for back-up and peak demand, and a wide range of applications enhance the potential for agricultural solar systems. Several factors of consideration exist in the design and development of a successful solar heating system. First, thermal energy …

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Home Range, Home Range Expansion, Dispersal, And Mortality Of Juvenile Red Foxes In Southeastern South Dakota, Floyd M. Demaray Jan 1981

Home Range, Home Range Expansion, Dispersal, And Mortality Of Juvenile Red Foxes In Southeastern South Dakota, Floyd M. Demaray

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Data from aerial and landowner surveys showed that red fox (Vulpes vulpes) families on the Sinai study area decreased from 13 (5.2 per township) in 1976 to 11 (4.4 per township) in 1977. The majority (88%) of the active red fox dens was located in pastures and idle lands although these cover types constituted only 24% of the available cover. Twenty-nine juveniles and 3 adults were captured and marked during spring, 1976. Trappers and hunters returned 62% of the tags placed on juvenile foxes. During spring, 1977, 15 juveniles and 2 adult red foxes were marked. Three juveniles were subsequently …

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Woodpecker Nesting Habitat In A Prairie River Woodland, J. Barry Parrish Jan 1981

Woodpecker Nesting Habitat In A Prairie River Woodland, J. Barry Parrish

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Differences in nest site selection of the common flicker (Colaptes auratus), yellow-bellied sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius), downy woodpecker (Picoides pubescens), and red-headed woodpecker (Melanerpes erythrocephalus) were studied on the Big Sioux River riparian forest of eastern South Dakota during 1980 and 1981. Nest site preferences were compared using two-group stepwise discriminant analysis. Randomly selected potential nest trees showing no previous signs of cavity excavation were included as control groups. The yellow-bellied sapsucker-red-headed woodpecker function was the most efficient in separating groups because both species had specific nest site preferences. Sapsuckers nested only in live green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica), characteristically in park-like …

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Growth And Survival Of Largemouth Bass In Newly Stocked South Dakota Impoundments, Clifton C. Stone Jan 1981

Growth And Survival Of Largemouth Bass In Newly Stocked South Dakota Impoundments, Clifton C. Stone

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of five different stocking combinations and differences in climatic and morphological conditions within South Dakota on initial growth and survival of the largemouth bass (Micropertus salmoides). Forage species stocked with bass included gold shiners (Notemigonus crysoleucas), fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), black bullhead (Ictalurus melas), and bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus). Bass only stocking was also evaluated. First eyar survival values for 16 eastern South Dakota ponds ranged from 1 to 100%, with a mean of 50.2%. Bass exhibited poorest survival when stocked with black bullheads. Analysis of variance indicated no significant difference (P …

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Hydrolyzed-Lactose Whey And Nonfat Dry Milk In Ice Cream, Mohammed Serajul Islam Jan 1981

Hydrolyzed-Lactose Whey And Nonfat Dry Milk In Ice Cream, Mohammed Serajul Islam

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Sweet dry whey was used to replace 25% and 50% of nonfat dry milk solids in ice cream mix. Forty-five batches experimental and control lots of vanilla ice cream were manufactured. A commercial lactase was used to hydrolyze lactose to over 90% conversion and the lactase was inactivated after hydrolysis. The extent of lactose hydrolysis in the mix was adjusted to 50% or 75% by blending non-hydrolyzed nonfat dry milk and whey solids with hydrolyzed preparations. Extra sweetness of the conversion products permitted reduction of sucrose by 6.25% and 12.5%, respectively, in the 50% and 75% hydrolyzed lactose ice cream …

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Lactase Activity In Steers Fed Large Amounts Of Dried Whey, Kenneth J. King Jan 1981

Lactase Activity In Steers Fed Large Amounts Of Dried Whey, Kenneth J. King

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Large amounts of dried whole whey (86% of concentrate mix, 60% of total dry matter intake) were fed to four Holstein steers in place of corn and soybean meal in the control diet to evaluate the extent and site of lactose digestion in the ruminant's digestive tract. Diets consisted of 70% of the dry matter as concentrate mix and 30% as corn silage fed ad libitum as a total mixed ration. Weight gains and dry matter intakes were similar for steers fed dried whole whey or control diets. Samples of rumen contents from steers fed dried whole whey contained more …

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Populations Of Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria In Soil And Rhizospheres In Eastern South Dakota, Edward B. Anderson Jan 1981

Populations Of Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria In Soil And Rhizospheres In Eastern South Dakota, Edward B. Anderson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A search for alternate sources of fixed nitrogen for crop production has been caused by the rising cost of petroleum used in manufacturing nitrogen fertilizers. Nitrogen in its elemental form, N2, is quite stable, and all organisms except a few of the prokaryotic microorganisms can utilize nitrogen only in some chemically combined form. Those microorganisms which can utilize elemental nitrogen are a potential source of fixed nitrogen to crops. Rhizobium is a genus of nitrogen-fixing bacteria which form nodules on the roots of leguminous plants. This is a symbiotic relationship; the plants supply photosynthate to the bacteria which use that …

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Meiotic Studies Of Callus Culture-Derived Indiangrass (Sorghastrum Nutans. L. Nash), Long-Fang Oliver Chen Jan 1981

Meiotic Studies Of Callus Culture-Derived Indiangrass (Sorghastrum Nutans. L. Nash), Long-Fang Oliver Chen

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Chromosome and genetic instabilities were reported in many plant species (c.f. Partanen, 1963; Sunderland, 1973; Skirvin, 1978; D'Amato, 1976; 1978). D'Amato (1976) suggested that, in higher plants, only meristematic cells were genetically stable; explants excised from stem apices would then ensure genetic uniformity for in vitro plant propagation. However, cultures derived from shoot apices were generally inefficient for vegetative propagation. The usefulness of a tissue culture technique for cloning would then be judged not only by the degree of genetic variation in the tissue culture-derived population, but also by the amount of plantlets initiated from a culture. In this laboratory, …

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The Effects Of Wage-Incentive Standards Of Industrial Productivity In Eastern South Dakota, Ronald C. Hegge Jan 1981

The Effects Of Wage-Incentive Standards Of Industrial Productivity In Eastern South Dakota, Ronald C. Hegge

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In Japan, productivity increased by an average of 9.9% from 1960 to 1973 and by 3.6% from 1973 to 1978. In West Germany, during the same periods, it increased by 5.8% and 4.2%, while in the United States the increases were only 2.9% from 1960 to 1973 and less than half that from 1973 to 1978. As a result, United States competitiveness in world markets has declined and inflation and unemployment have become not only our major economic problems but great social problems as well." Although all of our nation's economic problems cannot be blamed on a low rate of …

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A Search For Atrazine Resistance In Wheat, Jay A. Holmdal Jan 1981

A Search For Atrazine Resistance In Wheat, Jay A. Holmdal

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Each year over 1,250,000 acres in South Dakota are fallowed. Weeds are controlled mechanically or chemically to conserve moisture for the succeeding crop. Chemical fallow utilizes triazine herbicides to control weeds during the fallow season. Advantages of chemical fallow include increased moisture conservation, decreased erosion problems, and lower energy costs when compared to mechanical methods. Atrazine is a residual herbicide registered for use in chemical fallow. Atrazine carryover is unpredictable in arid regions and may result in injury to the succeeding crop. Development of atrazine resistance in wheat would reduce the carryover threat, and allow higher rates of atrazine for …

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Electric Vehicle Feasibility For Farms In Eastern South Dakota, Maynard M. Resen Jan 1981

Electric Vehicle Feasibility For Farms In Eastern South Dakota, Maynard M. Resen

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The oil embargo of 1973 ushered in an era of energy consciousness in the United States. Steadily increasing energy costs and several nation-wide petroleum shortages since then have kept considerations of energy cost and availability in the forefront of economic planning in both the private and public sectors. Among the most severely affected 1s the agriculture industry, because petroleum consumption is crucial to the efficient production of food and fiber. Conservation measures have been implemented and tractor designers are striving for more fuel-efficient vehicles, but the pressing need to reduce agriculture's dependence on unstable foreign oil supplies will only be …

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Probable Causes Of Cracking In A Series Of Reinforced Concrete Box Girder Bridges, Steven Milton Bjordahl Jan 1981

Probable Causes Of Cracking In A Series Of Reinforced Concrete Box Girder Bridges, Steven Milton Bjordahl

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This thesis is the result of a study undertaken at the request of the South Dakota Department of Transportation (SDDOT) to determine the probable cause of a specific type of cracking that was observed in a series of reinforced concrete box girder bridges. The cracking consists of horizontal cracks through the end diaphragms of the girder and horizontal cracking over the interior bents. Typical crack patterns obtained from information supplied by the SDDOT are shown in Figure 1.

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Initial Growth And Survival Of Bluegills And Black Bullheads Stocked With Largemouth Bass In South Dakota Ponds, James J. Shelley Jan 1981

Initial Growth And Survival Of Bluegills And Black Bullheads Stocked With Largemouth Bass In South Dakota Ponds, James J. Shelley

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Initial growth and survival rates were estimated for bluegills (Leponis macrochirus) and black bullheads (Ictalurus melas) stocked simultaneously with largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) in ponds throughout South Dakota. Mean first year survival for bluegills and black bullheads stocked in eastern South Dakota ponds was 28.6% and 67.7%, respectively. Differences in first year bluegill growth throughout the state were not detected. Total lengths for bluegills averaged 52.4 mm after one growing season statewide and 137.1 mm after two growing seasons in southeastern South Dakota ponds. Significant (P<.05) geographical differences in first year growth of black bullheads were detected with mean lengths ranging from 67.7 mm in northwest ponds to 115.5 mm in southeast ponds. The average total length for black bullheads after two growing season in southeastern South Dakota ponds was 215.2 mm. The combined effects of pH, turbidity, and bicarbonate alkalinity accounted for 67.5% of the variation in first year bluegill growth. The pond parameters total number of growing days, fish present prior to stocking, and pond surface area when combined accounted for 73.9% of the variation in first year black bullhead growth. Differences in bluegill relative weight values were not detected throughout South Dakota; the average for the state was 105.2. Mean black bullhead condition factors (K) for fish with total lengths between 128 and 191 mm were 1.85 and 1.45 for pre- and post-spawning periods, respectively. Bullheads probably spawned between 29 May and 26 June 1980.

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Serological Groupings Of Rhizobium Isolated From Native Legumes Of South Dakota, Pamela Van De Rostyne Tranby Jan 1981

Serological Groupings Of Rhizobium Isolated From Native Legumes Of South Dakota, Pamela Van De Rostyne Tranby

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Nitrogen is an essential ingredient of all proteins, and, as such, is required by all forms of life. An inadequate supply of nitrogen for agriculture is therefore a contributing factor to global food shortages. In order to meet world food demands, research to increase useable nitrogen supplies for agriculture is becoming an urgent priority. This project, which combines the techniques of serology and nitrogen fixation research, provides an important contribution to this goal. This project expanded present knowledge of the rhizobia isolated from the native legumes of South Dakota. This study was initiated to serologically identify and characterize the rhizobia …

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